tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49356048283598534022024-02-20T15:33:54.277-05:00Fun With Microbiology (What's Buggin' You?)Short descriptions and photographs of some photogenic microorganisms.
Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comBlogger128125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-15774612373153452142017-07-27T11:17:00.002-04:002018-02-20T09:32:31.318-05:00How to Reach Me: Comment vs Mail<br />
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My thanks to the many people who have written to comment on my microbiology blog "Fun With Microbiology -What's Bugging You?", a title which I still regret.<br />
<br />
I also regret that I cannot answer any messages entered as 'Comments' found under each blog posting unless you leave a functioning return e-mail address. Blogger notifies me that a comment has been left but it is to a "Do Not Reply" address. Please understand that I am not ignoring you but that I have no address to which I can reply.<br />
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For those wishing to contact me and receive an reply, I have a 'Micro Mail' icon located near the bottom of the left-hand sidebar. This way I have the e-mail address from where you have posted and can reply to your comments, questions or requests.<br />
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<b>Linkedin:</b> <span style="color: #cc0000;">New- February 20th, 2018:</span> Please be aware that I have <b><u>not</u></b> subscribed to the <i>Linkedin</i> site/service. If my name appears on that site, I am unaware of how it was placed there for to the best of my knowledge, I have never entered the site. I have received a number individuals requesting a link to my contacts. Unfortunately I cannot do so and as the request was through a <i>Linkedin</i> address, I cannot personally respond. Again, please do not request that I add you to my non-existent <i>Linkedin</i> contacts and do not take my non-response as a snub. <br />
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Thanks again for your interest in my blog -and may your mind, as your petrie dish, always be fertile and full of wonder!<br />
Yuri<br />
<br />Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-36720778234244781282015-12-13T11:23:00.001-05:002015-12-13T11:32:00.018-05:00For Me, The Fun is Over....<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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I have retired.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
expect this to be my final post to ‘Fun With Microbiology’ (What’s Buggin’
You?).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For those interested, the
preceding post explains my circumstances.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Some of you who may have stumbled upon my blog post entitled <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">‘Toys’</a> ,
about the photographic equipment used, may already know about how this blog
came to be.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For those who don’t, perhaps
I can offer a short summation here.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN_5oYGr0jG4I21V05Y94jOy5LYX8IUuYXEW4SA7F2H0Mz4lhTaKvmp33OdCRRhvad-f4bcJbtZej1K_r6FTPbvdP2pmwkKufY05uardP6JYVEfw0RcLdQItyHcj3VVJBr4uQEdGT8I-0/s1600/Disabled_Microbiologist.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN_5oYGr0jG4I21V05Y94jOy5LYX8IUuYXEW4SA7F2H0Mz4lhTaKvmp33OdCRRhvad-f4bcJbtZej1K_r6FTPbvdP2pmwkKufY05uardP6JYVEfw0RcLdQItyHcj3VVJBr4uQEdGT8I-0/s200/Disabled_Microbiologist.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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In 2006 I had a personal encounter with a microorganism –
a non-work related infection which left me a paraplegic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During my convalescence, my wife suggested I
start a blog to pass my time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I had no
idea what a blog was but I soon learned by posting about my other interests; my
canoeing adventures became <a href="http://missinaibi-yuri.blogspot.ca/" target="_blank">‘Tales from the Paddle’</a> while my attempts at
building stringed musical instrument were documented in <a href="http://thunderhouse2-yuri.blogspot.ca/" target="_blank">‘Thunderhouse Instruments’</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stories and descriptions,
each supported with photographs.</div>
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My employer held my position until I could return some
two plus years later.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On my return I
discovered that our lab had acquired digital photographic equipment to document
interesting cases.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Nikon camera came
first, followed some time later by the DMD-108 digital micro-imaging
device.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Surprisingly few cared to make
use of this equipment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With my love of
photography, I was quite happy to take command and photographically document
interesting specimens that passed through our lab.</div>
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With my disability came a change in transportation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I exchanged my van for a power wheelchair.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now held captive by the schedule of our
regional disability transport service, the bus would frequently deliver me to
my workplace over an hour before and pick me up an hour after working
hours.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I began to occupy these extra
hours before and after work by photographing interesting organisms and
specimens that I or my colleagues had come across.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What to do with all these
photomicrographs?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Why, start another
blog!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Well, continue one actually.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While convalescing, I had toyed with the idea
and uploaded a few ‘film’ photographs then both hastily and jokingly entitled
the blog ‘Fun with Microbiology (what’s buggin’ you) –a title I have ever since
regretted.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGY6tZIizOlaU2keEA8wcjXxwkuRQaZQCpTHy8J9C309kq8wivLTgWwMVyQWZmZtJbKPec74tKxitDJsctGhKc-wm1Dek-81a4huvSrRjRn1hauTO04NLMzKAizI50pyqlLSfeCo03lNw/s1600/Microscope+-+Black.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGY6tZIizOlaU2keEA8wcjXxwkuRQaZQCpTHy8J9C309kq8wivLTgWwMVyQWZmZtJbKPec74tKxitDJsctGhKc-wm1Dek-81a4huvSrRjRn1hauTO04NLMzKAizI50pyqlLSfeCo03lNw/s200/Microscope+-+Black.jpg" width="150" /></a> </div>
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And so it started.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Slowly at first but soon found myself expanding the content.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I now look back at the earliest posts and
wish I could go back and rewrite and re-photograph all those wonderful isolates.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have always found frustration with textbooks
that offer one small black and white photo or worse yet, only a line drawing
tucked into a corner of the page.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
thought, if one photo is worth a thousand words, twenty photos must speak
volumes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These are fascinating organisms
which develop over time and one small photo does not do them justice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While the blog was to be about all
microorganisms, I found that fungi were the most photogenic and so they came to
occupy a disproportionate volume of posts within this blog.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I also discovered that pursuing
microorganisms and their features with the camera was one of the best learning
experiences one could have.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It beats the
#@&% out of any three day, thirty pupil course.</div>
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<b>There are so many more organisms I had hoped to cover…</b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmvjdu49NNwr93SP14NS5sOSNHcdItOpp0S6DUdeajAPf2lWSwSA-6MkWjyXaRDY_P4G_SmXR0_30rrLKbaOrTFcnZL18k9TXzwMuXiR9o9fopLOJlsWbwqW26ILwq6yylNcTaHD7wp8w/s1600/Rhodotorula+rubra+SAB.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmvjdu49NNwr93SP14NS5sOSNHcdItOpp0S6DUdeajAPf2lWSwSA-6MkWjyXaRDY_P4G_SmXR0_30rrLKbaOrTFcnZL18k9TXzwMuXiR9o9fopLOJlsWbwqW26ILwq6yylNcTaHD7wp8w/s400/Rhodotorula+rubra+SAB.jpg" width="388" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i> Rhodotorula rubra</i> on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar</div>
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I have also been frustrated by finding many scientific
papers are not freely available and must be purchased from the author or
authorized distributor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is sad that
scientific information cannot be freely shared by all interested, yet I do
realize incurred costs must be covered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All
the photographs but one on my blog site were taken by myself and are my
property.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I freely share all photographs
within this blog with those who may find them of use.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I only ask that you not claim them as your
own work and give this site or myself credit.</div>
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I cannot see any circumstances which would allow me to
continue meaningful posts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So the fun for me has ended.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I hope yours
continues….</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivw8zhGZgICXhrMcTfcU30TztwiX4DsWSM8z5TWB-roFmsO7leUebGHTmDOTVak9vEtKgCfyfjRnKqaPusNw1LUx5Tk573nKM-Jafx5ZM5_GO6TXSn72UaC5JReps2YiXoKAwL2xEWsaA/s1600/Penicillium_species+presented.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivw8zhGZgICXhrMcTfcU30TztwiX4DsWSM8z5TWB-roFmsO7leUebGHTmDOTVak9vEtKgCfyfjRnKqaPusNw1LUx5Tk573nKM-Jafx5ZM5_GO6TXSn72UaC5JReps2YiXoKAwL2xEWsaA/s400/Penicillium_species+presented.jpg" width="360" /></a></div>
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My grateful thanks to my colleague D.D. whose guidance,
support and infectious enthusiasm made the contents of this blog possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Further thanks to all my colleagues for their
friendship and support. You know who you all are.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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</div>
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For my immediate colleagues, I am updating a DVD
containing power point presentations of all the Fungal isolates presented on my
blog.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I hope to have copies for you
soon…</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYXdfv3aqg800m6RYQ65ac1ORPCjvDlni8WpbtKhnObXw6yE396tJFhlx66dUbPhILZHWJOn9xAeNPuoW-zgzjMb4hSlUWblxt46dAKwXAAlpQZJecp1sVAwKNceN_f1pPiILdGsxLSPs/s1600/Clinical+Mycology+Power+Point+DVD.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="390" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYXdfv3aqg800m6RYQ65ac1ORPCjvDlni8WpbtKhnObXw6yE396tJFhlx66dUbPhILZHWJOn9xAeNPuoW-zgzjMb4hSlUWblxt46dAKwXAAlpQZJecp1sVAwKNceN_f1pPiILdGsxLSPs/s640/Clinical+Mycology+Power+Point+DVD.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Coming soon for my immediate colleagues</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbc3nGmE_WlD5lDu0R1kKZKlBie3fXOoVKiFbwwvDmhUMzCANzVf31SpbMYc-fGJxLRoAqwVjWnchUSLsOkFthJ34bngkEbUriL6QlxY1PwLLXwFayoSjfgyv5luVgC7WB6XMEGe_Y-Wk/s1600/Lights+Out_C.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbc3nGmE_WlD5lDu0R1kKZKlBie3fXOoVKiFbwwvDmhUMzCANzVf31SpbMYc-fGJxLRoAqwVjWnchUSLsOkFthJ34bngkEbUriL6QlxY1PwLLXwFayoSjfgyv5luVgC7WB6XMEGe_Y-Wk/s400/Lights+Out_C.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Lights out...</div>
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<i>(I hope your fun with microbiology continues!) </i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-ZkQaJkrjMdlMYFqO0UDiFMqZhA_ZcA_YEQOCrRnOJ0s9t0zfwao0PcGcfGe-us-r0MAwOwkQ0qtgoWpyE0loEH8FXjuyxAuVRv_ZsT4aVNJ1lekdxCgnifHvLxDq2rAXOpglSYfvnJg/s1600/The+End+Plate.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-ZkQaJkrjMdlMYFqO0UDiFMqZhA_ZcA_YEQOCrRnOJ0s9t0zfwao0PcGcfGe-us-r0MAwOwkQ0qtgoWpyE0loEH8FXjuyxAuVRv_ZsT4aVNJ1lekdxCgnifHvLxDq2rAXOpglSYfvnJg/s400/The+End+Plate.jpg" width="392" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>* * *</b></span></span></div>
Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-56937672155162818712015-12-13T10:58:00.000-05:002016-08-15T14:06:27.875-04:00The "Fun" Ends...<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Well folks, it is over.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Everything must end, and so must this blog.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fun has ended for ‘Fun With Microbiology <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(what’s buggin’ you?)</i>’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was offered a package by my employer and I’ve
decided to take early retirement. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix0FMs0TQBPt9Jdl65gdtALVmfFXRQoowBf5Na35IMuaK2puB_-iZ5wn7HDpTySEMLuVkGTHCdUVfVOOqhZU71hxtgSJgywOADeVhGlgvs8XAhzDRqs2_5TuucJfZD0Wgh8TbAJDreGJs/s1600/I%2527ve+Retired+-72dpi+%252820cm%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix0FMs0TQBPt9Jdl65gdtALVmfFXRQoowBf5Na35IMuaK2puB_-iZ5wn7HDpTySEMLuVkGTHCdUVfVOOqhZU71hxtgSJgywOADeVhGlgvs8XAhzDRqs2_5TuucJfZD0Wgh8TbAJDreGJs/s320/I%2527ve+Retired+-72dpi+%252820cm%2529.jpg" width="319" /></a></div>
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The writing had been on the wall for some time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hospital operating costs outpace government
funding, leaving most health care institutions financially stressed. </div>
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Hospital mergers were the first line of defense –circle
the wagons…there is strength in numbers!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Ours did just that –merging with two other hospitals and pooling their
resources.</div>
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The second line of defense was to divest ourselves of
disciplines and tests in order to save even more money.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We watched our parasitology lab dismantled
with specimens now sent to the regional Public Health Laboratory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tuberculosis testing also went to the PHL
with an inevitable increase in turn-around time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hepatitis testing was sent to the Chemistry
Department – how that saves money escapes me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The ‘best’ tests were exchanged for ‘good’ tests – Enzyme Immunoassay
tests (EIA) substituted for the more costly Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
molecular testing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Still mycology
remains…but for how long?</div>
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The third line of defense was to be attrition of staff.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A moratorium on hiring all but the most
essential of employees came into effect.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Many positions now offered would be part-time or contract in order to
retain flexibility with the additional advantage of not having to pay for
benefits.</div>
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Yet I wonder how much money is saved when inadequately
trained part-timers work in several institutions to make ends meet and confuse
one for the other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tests often arrive
improperly collected.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Incessant phone
calls interrupt begging information as to how to do <u>their</u> job.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Work load increased while staff
decreased.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perhaps quality may suffer
while overworked staff find vacation requests frequently denied due to workload.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moral plummets!</div>
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The fourth line of financial defense?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Well, we all knew it the day “merger” was
announced that staff were caught in the cross-hairs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Employees are the most expensive asset of any
hospital.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>MRIs are bought and paid for
once.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Laboratory instrumentation is
often provided free of charge as long as the consumables (test kits) for the
instrument continue to be purchased.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But
staff, they keep earning their salary year after year, after year.</div>
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…and so for staff such as myself, longevity at the
institution became a disadvantage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My
earnings were at the top of the scale and I was entitled to the most vacation
time. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I could be replaced by an entry
level technologist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Offered a ‘package’
as an incentive, I knew that I could do no better.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was burnt out anyways.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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After 37 years in the healthcare profession, I’m
done.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I will miss the pure science
tremendously, but I have come to hate the business!</div>
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I think I have also earned the right to sound off just a
little; <i>(nobody reads this anyways)</i></div>
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<span style="color: #a64d79;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The Regulatory Collage:</span></b></span></div>
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When I first started, we had no government regulation, no
collage oversight.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We had pride in our
knowledge and ability and I have no doubt we did excellent work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The regulatory Collage now looms overhead and
carries a big stick to whack any member that fails to comply with its rules and
regulations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The dreaded ‘Audit’ to see
if you have read enough papers,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>attended
enough seminars, taken enough courses to satisfy their authority.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet I've seen no evidence that those who know
how to ‘jump through the hoops’ always become better and more knowledgeable
technologists.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has become a game. </div>
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The ‘Collage’ was first sold to us back in 1993 as an
organization that would promote our interests and standing as healthcare
professionals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In reality, it is nothing
more than a regulatory and disciplinary body hovering over our profession where
my colleagues and I pay to protect the public from ourselves, the medical
technologists.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Membership fees increase
almost yearly.</div>
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<span style="color: #a64d79;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Continuing Education:</span></b></span></div>
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The cost of many courses offered by various education
institutes exceed what I’m willing to pay on my income.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Crying poverty, the days have long passed
when my employer paid for or contributed to my education which ultimately
benefits them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These days the medical
technologist must absorb the cost of further education with little or no
possibility that the effort would be reflected in their income or advance their
career. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While we remain eager to
increase our knowledge, these days we pay…our employer benefits.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: #a64d79;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The Workplace:</span></b></span></div>
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How the workplace has changed!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The days are gone when microbiology labs were
well stocked with a variety of media and individual chemicals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When an organism would not identify by
standard methods, text books were consulted, dry media was reconstituted and
QC’d, individual tests were added as necessary.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We had the luxury of a fully stocked media room complete with an
autoclave. Every day, every organism was an ongoing learning experience –and we
were given the freedom to apply our knowledge; to learn and explore.</div>
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These days, media is purchased from an outside
supplier.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only the most basic supplies
and test kits are stocked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If an
organism is not identified immediately by laboratory instrumentation, an
alternative test may be available, or just as likely, the organism is packaged
to be sent to the regional lab for further testing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The media room went long ago as did the
autoclave.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Even sterile distilled water
is now purchased. </div>
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I often felt like ‘Lucy on the Chocolate conveyor belt
line’, where specimens pass by at a furious rate as you desperately do you best
to keep up without making errors.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and Algorithms rule
the lab.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Individual thinking has been
replaced by uniform conformity.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #a64d79;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Reflex Orders:</span></b></span></div>
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In the past, technologists at our institution could
initiate ‘reflex orders’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If one test
did not directly give a useful result but strongly provided evidence for
additional or alternative tests, we could personally order that test and
fulfill it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The answer might be on the
doctor’s desk before he could ask the question.</div>
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‘Ghost cells’ in a sputum or pleural fluid may suggest
acid fast bacilli.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Previously I could
order tests for appropriate staining and culture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No longer.</div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A throat culture
specifically intended for the detection of group ‘A’ <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Streptococci</i> revealed that a child had a pure growth of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, however my
instruction was not to report it as “the test is only for Group ‘A’
<i>Streptococci</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No other respiratory
cultures were ordered for the child!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>SOPs rule the day, and I had no SOP for that situation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where once I could report this directly or order
the appropriate test, now a game of phone tag ensues, trying to get a verbal
message to someone who would be willing and able to act on my word.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where once we were professional enough to act
on our results and place ‘reflex orders’ as necessary, these days only the
physician can initiate the order. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: #a64d79;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Quality Control:</span></b></span></div>
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If you were to find yourself in a hospital in need of
serious medical attention, you would wish the institution adhered to well
established rules and regulations to ensure utmost quality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hospitals are assessed periodically to ensure
they meet established standards.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hospital
accreditation requires inspection by assessors who follow their own SOPs and
algorithms. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No one denies that Quality
Control (QC) is important.</div>
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<br /></div>
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In the laboratory, <u>everything</u> must be
“controlled”. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At times it seems that the
more graphs, charts, check-marks and signatures you can produce…the more
professional you believe you are!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of
course quality control is important; however make it relevant, concise and
applicable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At times one loses sight of
reality in the attempt to jump through the hoops and satisfy the inspectors and
nonsense is the result.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Examples follow;</div>
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<span style="color: #a64d79;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nonsense!</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>To QC LactoPhenol Cotton Blue Stain our SOP
directs the technologist to stain a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Penicillium</i>
specimen with the LPCB for the positive control and with saline for the
negative control.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Never in my career has
putting this blue dye on a fungus not turned it blue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As for the negative control, what am I to
observe to determine if this LPCB passes QC?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That saline doesn’t spontaneously turn the fungus blue?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have never obtained an answer, yet we are
directed to do the test.</div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>To QC Germ Tube Media our SOP instructs us to
place <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Candida albicans</i> in an aliquot
of horse serum as the positive control and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Candida
krusei</i> in another aliquot as the negative control.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Again, I ask “what am I to observe in the QC
aliquot containing <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Candida krusei</i> to
determine if the horse serum passes QC?”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This species does not produce germ tubes so it shouldn’t!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If it does, does the QC fail?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or does it just mean the organism we
thought was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">C.krusei</i>, isn’t.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">C.albicans</i>
is both positive and negative control!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In horse serum it passes if it produces germ tubes and fails if it
doesn’t.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Done! <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>No, follow those SOPs and Algorithms – don’t
deviate, don’t think!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What a waste of
effort, time and supplies.</div>
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Another irritant is the use of commercial (read
expensive) ‘single use’ vial or dispenser of reagents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Identical
lot numbers stored in an identical manner are QC’d each morning for use that
day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That single vial or dispenser of
reagent is for use, not per person, but for the entire lab.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shouts of “who’s got the catalase” or
“anybody have the spot indole” as we leave our station to retrieve the reagent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I try to imagine a construction site where
one hammer or one drill is QC’d each work day followed thereafter by
construction workers stumbling over each other as they retrieve the single tool
they find themselves in need of.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Early
in my career we took a trip to the hospital pharmacy to obtain a bottle of ‘off
the shelf’ (read inexpensive) hydrogen peroxide and made up spot indole from
‘scratch’ in the media room.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We QC’d
each reagent and once satisfied of their activity they were stored
appropriately.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Technologists would obtain
an individual aliquot for daily use and were observant to any deterioration of
activity.</div>
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Price has increased while technologist’s involvement has
decreased. </div>
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<span style="color: #a64d79;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #a64d79;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Technologist’s
Changing Role:</b></span></div>
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Where once my role as a technologist was primarily to
work on clinical specimens, diagnose infectious illnesses and liaise with other
medical personnel, over the years the scope of required duties has changes
significantly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition to the
duties listed above, we have now stock supplies; act as file clerks, answer
continuously interrupting telephones –duties more akin to secretarial
work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While I do not feel above this
sort of work and am happy to help where and when needed, I feel that this work,
if part of my job description, is a waste of my education and the taxpayer’s
dollar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Changing roles and QC madness
even has technologists checking the available paper in copy machines on a daily
basis, and then signing off as having done so.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I would be surprised if the lowliest clerk in some law firm would have
such a responsibility enforced.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the
paper runs out, you’ll know – and you’ll add paper…</div>
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<span style="color: #a64d79;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Loss of Skills:</b></span></div>
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As a cost saving measure, our hospital as many others,
are divesting themselves of particular microbiological laboratory disciplines
such as Parasitology, Mycology and Tuberculosis testing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These are particularly challenging skills to
master and achieve competence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was
particularly lucky to work in hospitals offering all these disciplines
throughout my career.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Increasingly these
tests are now being sent to a central laboratory for testing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most new graduates entering clinical
microbiology will no longer have exposure to these disciplines after their
studies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The disciplines will be lost to
all but those who work in the central reference laboratory or possibly huge
‘downtown’ hospitals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The ‘well rounded’
technologist will be a thing of the past.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In the end, the work must be done, whether the hospital lab or the
central reference lab and here in Canada, the taxpayer pays for both.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How that saves money is beyond my
understanding.</div>
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<span style="color: #a64d79;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Going Green:</b></span></div>
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I suppose that getting rid of the hazardous Bunsen burner
which used that nasty fossil fuel, natural gas, in exchange for single use,
disposable plastic loops that now fill the hazardous waste bin, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>could be argued as having ‘gone green’.<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #a64d79;"><b>Cultivation of a Poisonous Work Environment:</b></span><br />
My employer adopted an new attitude towards its employees whereas longevity no longer has any bearing on advancement or remuneration (pay increases). There is a point to be made that those who work harder and contribute more should receive the greatest rewards. The downfall is that the evaluation can be quite subjective with those "sucking up" to the boss may get preferential treatment.<br />
<br />
One can volunteer for every project and take on every task yet not produce quality work while others in the background may do more than their share without any fanfare. Every workplace has one of those loud, boisterous, "look at me" go-getters that never misses an opportunity to impress the boss.<br />
<br />
Computers now log every key-stroke and every error. We now live in fear of how our human errors will be tabulated and now come back to haunt us. My concern is that human nature may now try to hide errors rather than correct them which may be detrimental to the patient. I can still hear my first manager's words concerning errors; <i>"bring any errors to our attention as our only concern is to correct, not punish"</i>. My how the attitude has changed!<br />
<br />
To further poison the atmosphere -in unmistakable terms we were instructed that we must keep an eye on each other and turn in anyone who arrives late, or leaves early. Those that take a longer lunch or surf the internet for something other than work - we must run to the boss and squeal! While life never runs on such a strict time clock, we are now obligated to turn in our colleagues and co-workers. Working through lunch on a busy day goes unnoticed while those taking five minutes longer when the workload allows should be turned in.<br />
<br />
It is a very clever concept. It is a shift from 'the employees against the employer' to 'the employees against each other'. We can no longer be upset at our employer if we don't get a raise - we should blame our colleagues! What a poisonous atmosphere!<br />
<br />
Those that turn in fellow co-workers and colleagues should realize that
they will be shunned and ostracized should they be recognized as the
source of the betrayal.<br />
<br />
What does it do for the health and well being of the medical technologist? Already in a stressful profession where the workload is ever increasing, we must now "walk on egg-shells" in fear of making any errors and look over our shoulder to see if a colleague is monitoring our work ethics.<br />
The hospital has hired, and proudly promotes their <b>Employee Assistance Program</b>. However this treats stress and burnout at the back end while I feel they should prevent it from every happening in the first place.<br />
<br />
<br />
For me personally, I realized that Medical Laboratory Technology had become a <b>Job</b> and was no longer a <b>Profession</b>. As such, I knew it was time for me to go... </div>
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<span style="color: #a64d79;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Final Thoughts:</b></span></div>
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So, as you can see, many changes have taken place since I
started as a medical technologist some 37 years ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some changes for the good, some questionable,
some of it just plain puzzling.</div>
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For the most part, I’ve enjoyed the profession though I
find it would be hard to recommend it to anyone these days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The workload, responsibility and accompanying
stress is not for all.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It can be argued
that the medical laboratory technologist is probably at the bottom of the
health care professional hierarchy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Since we work primarily within the laboratory and have no direct patient
contact, the medical technologist usually finds themselves at both the bottom
of the pay scale and in professional respect.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>There is very little opportunity or positions available for advancement
within the field.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most move on to
administrative duties, if that suits their life’s career path.</div>
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<br /></div>
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So that is it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I’ve said my peace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And once
again I’ll say, I will miss the pure science tremendously, but not the
healthcare business.</div>
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…after one final post, off to enjoy my retirement!!</div>
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<br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><b><span style="color: #a64d79;"><span style="font-size: large;">August 15th, 2016</span></span></b></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">As I had predicted, a former colleague informed me that the hospital laboratory had decided to divest itself of the Mycology Laboratory. All specimens requiring fungal culture will be sent directly to the Provincial Laboratory. The hospital laboratory I worked for physically merged with another right after my retirement. While our laboratory had staff trained in mycology, most of the staff in the merging lab had no experience in culturing fungi. By divesting itself of the mycology laboratory, the hospital lab saved money by having the Provincial Laboratory perform the culture and identification as well as not having to train incoming staff in the discipline.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #a64d79;"><br /></span></span></span></span>
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">Had I stayed on, I probably would have been unable to continue this blog. This blog was about photography and while microbiology in itself is fascinating, fungi were the most photogenic organisms. Mycology made my days enjoyable and rewarding. Knowing this, I have no regrets in having taken my retirement.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">My former hospital laboratory now strictly performs bacterial microbiology with a select number of rapid serological screens. The day of the well rounded, all-inclusive microbiological hospital lab are probably gone unless, perhaps, in some very large city laboratory. Sad...</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #a64d79;"><br /></span></span></span></span>
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">I had considered purchasing my own personal microscope with colleagues at other facilities providing fixed slides for study, but it is a considerable expense for uncertain use and without photographs of the culture plates, I decided to let that idea die.</span></span></span></span><br />
<br /></div>
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<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><i>Return to top (Most Recent Posts)</i> </span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;">* * *</span></span></div>
Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-76633885787678475012015-12-13T10:48:00.001-05:002015-12-13T10:48:39.209-05:00Unidentified Mould No. 2 -Challenge<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">I've had a tremendous amount of fun working with, and learning about the moulds posted here. However, all things do come to an end as does this blog, and so I will leave this last one with you as a challenge. Have some of your own "fun with microbiology" and let me know what you think the name of this mould should be.</span><br />
<br />
It appeared as a plate contaminant on an un-inoculated plate of laboratory media. While I took numerous photos, I did not follow through sufficiently to determining an identification.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><b>Macroscopic Morphology:</b></span></span><br />
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-exhibited rapid growth on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar at<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> 30<sup>o</sup>C</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-the isolate developed a short, 'fuzzy' surface</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-colour was a grey-brown to a dark brown with a lighter coloured outer fringe</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-the reverse was dark brown </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-I did not test the growth at 37</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><sup>o</sup>C or above so this remains unknown.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjqRcAsx3-ZLFaoSEWeEo3grwnrskWevo6ZNbwPmpTJzok-f8AdbxpDfhz2Pz0gHIKpckP5fsKDiZAZuLGOnqJ7IuSvu0dFf-4eaIDofHqYyQ6LMF-JGSxd2et7dhiTZIlqdR7xX7eMGQ/s1600/01-+Black_Mould.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="395" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjqRcAsx3-ZLFaoSEWeEo3grwnrskWevo6ZNbwPmpTJzok-f8AdbxpDfhz2Pz0gHIKpckP5fsKDiZAZuLGOnqJ7IuSvu0dFf-4eaIDofHqYyQ6LMF-JGSxd2et7dhiTZIlqdR7xX7eMGQ/s400/01-+Black_Mould.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Unidentified mould - after 7 days on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SAB or SDA) at </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">30<sup>o</sup>C <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">(Nikon)</a></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYEvmNvuXKen0Q4OD3VR7iUb2uY7llcUj0aqJW9RRScjtmaGxwkUfFC2ghYWvNkPnGWyE6wSfEpn-pk5YJ1Ro6OcnZe1SOyiBG-o5WelspMIE1Q4QXHFPwgbeNic2dxyDp7kv1BOIKSOk/s1600/02-+Black_Mould+Reverse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYEvmNvuXKen0Q4OD3VR7iUb2uY7llcUj0aqJW9RRScjtmaGxwkUfFC2ghYWvNkPnGWyE6wSfEpn-pk5YJ1Ro6OcnZe1SOyiBG-o5WelspMIE1Q4QXHFPwgbeNic2dxyDp7kv1BOIKSOk/s200/02-+Black_Mould+Reverse.jpg" width="175" /></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><b><span style="line-height: 115%;">Microscopic Morphology:</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-isolate developed septate, branched hyphae</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">-conidia developed directly from the hyphae (sessile) or from short stalks that appeared somewhat 'inflated' where the attached to/supported the conidium</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">-these conidia (?) were rather large, up to 10 µm in diameter. Some appeared intercalary and perhaps were chlamydospores (?)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">-spiral hyphae were occasionally observed</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ0T1h-4wJZRrT_CqIqCcXitAsz8uyuelVuN2RI2FRzSlGf3jnyIOgInyTuLuwiMQlX9h-kgjFujr7WSPdEQ1lqFIfl3cGM4ODax81QagwhX9HH_nIuuOsOOHqRTLompUIALua_E9ue1Y/s1600/03-+image_2013y06m01d_17h48m50s_C_100X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ0T1h-4wJZRrT_CqIqCcXitAsz8uyuelVuN2RI2FRzSlGf3jnyIOgInyTuLuwiMQlX9h-kgjFujr7WSPdEQ1lqFIfl3cGM4ODax81QagwhX9HH_nIuuOsOOHqRTLompUIALua_E9ue1Y/s400/03-+image_2013y06m01d_17h48m50s_C_100X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Unidentified mould - a first look at the edge of a slide culture does not reveal much detail.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(100X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1VL6ef7-XGRkncUXSTc2joEvE71uFA_AL0AE14_pIQPMtIFUjweZFulWawOO8KQFWMn-Lc-MmfEcX35Cacbdqguqy4YV1m5njRDtuJdSAQ2biA5gOYh49K3Z_rFcnzIR0KvFg3Fsn110/s1600/04-+image_2013y06m01d_17h49m14s_C_250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1VL6ef7-XGRkncUXSTc2joEvE71uFA_AL0AE14_pIQPMtIFUjweZFulWawOO8KQFWMn-Lc-MmfEcX35Cacbdqguqy4YV1m5njRDtuJdSAQ2biA5gOYh49K3Z_rFcnzIR0KvFg3Fsn110/s400/04-+image_2013y06m01d_17h49m14s_C_250X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Unidentified mould - at a slightly higher magnification conidia closely attached to the parent hyphae are evident. (250X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_sjkrcBVNExh5a3LYBIKxC-sUL-9G9OZloZQXCxiFExkgSCmuzhnRgijGPFFyarEa_7Y5JaMHHwfES2TyZIFnoS1ucQjTKGgzQ5PAf9EhN3QygBWjO01R-4bVuvors4-kJ-5uOGT05ro/s1600/08-+image_2013y06m01d_18h02m29s_C_400X.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_sjkrcBVNExh5a3LYBIKxC-sUL-9G9OZloZQXCxiFExkgSCmuzhnRgijGPFFyarEa_7Y5JaMHHwfES2TyZIFnoS1ucQjTKGgzQ5PAf9EhN3QygBWjO01R-4bVuvors4-kJ-5uOGT05ro/s400/08-+image_2013y06m01d_18h02m29s_C_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified mould - younger, immature conidia retain the lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB) stain while the maturing conidia begin to develop a dark pigment.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFUpx8j3JFNo_twoONnDdYFIhTw85Ij4fOYxiBq5_aMCkvbWn8KUcOvCeQqRr7mXUJj6-fOEaiKkiLUj58hropxK30_aDIMXhj3a-wJy_b3mZYqLSReMTKkm1UkEtH5KJCP3nvuDvSmoU/s1600/07-+image_2013y06m01d_17h59m37s_C_400X.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFUpx8j3JFNo_twoONnDdYFIhTw85Ij4fOYxiBq5_aMCkvbWn8KUcOvCeQqRr7mXUJj6-fOEaiKkiLUj58hropxK30_aDIMXhj3a-wJy_b3mZYqLSReMTKkm1UkEtH5KJCP3nvuDvSmoU/s400/07-+image_2013y06m01d_17h59m37s_C_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified mould - i</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">mmature conidia (blue) & maturing (dark) conidia occur in about equal numbers in this photo.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvunOLWW508tqcJQbz1Hq9lNIAIiyJ4Px9a0bdsnXU76oqym55gjx9rZr3I_gwQ5L8PQI-Xkb_nlGodPSP84-YsU_1bOiegFWOAHa05-gePjPTx1oqhnEz-pSZXdS4EJ3XrGwqIM6gdfc/s1600/06-+image_2013y06m01d_17h58m27s_C_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvunOLWW508tqcJQbz1Hq9lNIAIiyJ4Px9a0bdsnXU76oqym55gjx9rZr3I_gwQ5L8PQI-Xkb_nlGodPSP84-YsU_1bOiegFWOAHa05-gePjPTx1oqhnEz-pSZXdS4EJ3XrGwqIM6gdfc/s400/06-+image_2013y06m01d_17h58m27s_C_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified mould - </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">darkly pigmented sessile conidia seen along the hyphae. Some
younger (blue staining) conidia still seen closer to the ends of the hyphae.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(400X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT7-ZCGEuo3sxIAlUPU1eBPJZNk4HFz3FBE7lT-dRFC8wA72g8x5CWIrQBmPilL_4WwtBtIeX9IXW69AdaOAjnRZaiy4r7xlEaMXAFfdeHrptk-bkHHxdVP3wO20GpZdV_-S5hoUOCwQw/s1600/05-+image_2013y06m03d_02h14m45s_C_400X.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT7-ZCGEuo3sxIAlUPU1eBPJZNk4HFz3FBE7lT-dRFC8wA72g8x5CWIrQBmPilL_4WwtBtIeX9IXW69AdaOAjnRZaiy4r7xlEaMXAFfdeHrptk-bkHHxdVP3wO20GpZdV_-S5hoUOCwQw/s400/05-+image_2013y06m03d_02h14m45s_C_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould - as above</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1r6L_IihosXq_QaJhK6t8sfm8NWqHy95LS_jgiwnqihqdXWN_uv59CR0XLe_zsg9htHwq_pACClQqKHacSFev2eA5w1VaaknOB_Do9WDSgnJvGpABmwAtnE8lrNBU6S8dJyfPz8YOKHM/s1600/09-+image_2013y06m01d_18h04m07s_C_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1r6L_IihosXq_QaJhK6t8sfm8NWqHy95LS_jgiwnqihqdXWN_uv59CR0XLe_zsg9htHwq_pACClQqKHacSFev2eA5w1VaaknOB_Do9WDSgnJvGpABmwAtnE8lrNBU6S8dJyfPz8YOKHM/s400/09-+image_2013y06m01d_18h04m07s_C_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould - large numbers of conidia produced.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhKipZgR-Mwd0s85A1hV01VCxTS0lfU65lXs7n9xJnYuRy6S7L9Bf0eNmoxBDHX9VxahpA3L1uIzBvUqvsTa-NSXXqqDB0MO85bvS3m9oTG8RG2m1vDe03E8onlYyv0zGIJBXFFfxN_TY/s1600/10-+image_2013y06m01d_18h06m18s_C_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhKipZgR-Mwd0s85A1hV01VCxTS0lfU65lXs7n9xJnYuRy6S7L9Bf0eNmoxBDHX9VxahpA3L1uIzBvUqvsTa-NSXXqqDB0MO85bvS3m9oTG8RG2m1vDe03E8onlYyv0zGIJBXFFfxN_TY/s400/10-+image_2013y06m01d_18h06m18s_C_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould -as above</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjM1x_XOv1OEuNfIc4mxvU188Q8xM70KGfcsUhFQhmywwNgz28ZHC4coqxTTHAWt6Z1Qz4paxuafTSLr8pKj02hlc2qNPpjFjQN6JWveLZwvxqNadY0e4aLZI_qh7_HccRuUqQWZvnajc/s1600/11-+image_2013y06m03d_02h13m54s_C_400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjM1x_XOv1OEuNfIc4mxvU188Q8xM70KGfcsUhFQhmywwNgz28ZHC4coqxTTHAWt6Z1Qz4paxuafTSLr8pKj02hlc2qNPpjFjQN6JWveLZwvxqNadY0e4aLZI_qh7_HccRuUqQWZvnajc/s400/11-+image_2013y06m03d_02h13m54s_C_400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould -sympodial growth pattern (arrow) ? Further explanation follows further below.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(400+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjleCqJC4-skP8TEgnuEgwBeu4EqkHYq11QKoeOj4Y3bwHdqETBoa4B2FRM5ZBoVapEclv6WYAeUGKtAPMC4nCwiJV54tXR-uwhcfDsr6P3u3eAxhy80FVkH_kDoUfbXwuCOnetKb69Pn4/s1600/12-+image_2013y05m30d_03h04m41s_C_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjleCqJC4-skP8TEgnuEgwBeu4EqkHYq11QKoeOj4Y3bwHdqETBoa4B2FRM5ZBoVapEclv6WYAeUGKtAPMC4nCwiJV54tXR-uwhcfDsr6P3u3eAxhy80FVkH_kDoUfbXwuCOnetKb69Pn4/s400/12-+image_2013y05m30d_03h04m41s_C_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould -a round conidium attached to the hypha by a short stalk, wider at the conidium than at the hypha. (1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_NLLM2g_c1jEy_ck06EWV5M3sReLfIu56FqMcJwAaAUVUPERfPISyS1aF0sReFmr1r599F58HRlSBaJMUrH9jYAC86-lHL6SBMORNhnEOXEmubWOpSxoYry-HXSH-olzkOS0UtXEGU0o/s1600/13-+image_2013y05m30d_03h10m19s_C_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_NLLM2g_c1jEy_ck06EWV5M3sReLfIu56FqMcJwAaAUVUPERfPISyS1aF0sReFmr1r599F58HRlSBaJMUrH9jYAC86-lHL6SBMORNhnEOXEmubWOpSxoYry-HXSH-olzkOS0UtXEGU0o/s400/13-+image_2013y05m30d_03h10m19s_C_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould -large, immature conidia attached to hyphae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKZQwVJVHwr1UZ8kN12lVDeWxFzUFOkX3gwLwlBqxgUs4n9j3LnTMNX7smkVepw2Pj5IqFz1K5QQEs5NNs6enOcYu3nVLisFmBLbn32z_DuY1UQziPeeb4DGMGPCUR0DlcJbyZTJvYujY/s1600/14-+image_2013y05m30d_02h59m50s_C2_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKZQwVJVHwr1UZ8kN12lVDeWxFzUFOkX3gwLwlBqxgUs4n9j3LnTMNX7smkVepw2Pj5IqFz1K5QQEs5NNs6enOcYu3nVLisFmBLbn32z_DuY1UQziPeeb4DGMGPCUR0DlcJbyZTJvYujY/s400/14-+image_2013y05m30d_02h59m50s_C2_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould - rather large conidia measuring up to </span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">10 µm in diameter. Note the base still attached to the one free conidium. (1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDXRpK-csYF3ouggKXji0Hqjv7KMK-CW6gRAAmxvy_7-rVuayi66FBBuuvq-aFklG0wNM18F_GWLjLmLAwhGdwhQrTDPK_HXH6OSVv4NzuoTAbFTMXM2q3d0D1zVODGYqOyM7vy-60HO0/s1600/15-+image_2013y05m30d_03h10m59s_C_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDXRpK-csYF3ouggKXji0Hqjv7KMK-CW6gRAAmxvy_7-rVuayi66FBBuuvq-aFklG0wNM18F_GWLjLmLAwhGdwhQrTDPK_HXH6OSVv4NzuoTAbFTMXM2q3d0D1zVODGYqOyM7vy-60HO0/s400/15-+image_2013y05m30d_03h10m59s_C_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould -spiral hyphae were regularly seen.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjffk-s9sS5eqZRFGZmJSLwCeiY9d340BUYkB_3C4ZIbi2QyFiXIB9-j8XZ7ggOm5bBdu-XNGGP7VQM2l7sC1R-kNOmFGyuhoNjjZdUVcLxMNVRweDDn5rtCMlFUwltG2ZCHfhjVEGFarY/s1600/16-+image_2013y05m30d_03h05m09s_C_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjffk-s9sS5eqZRFGZmJSLwCeiY9d340BUYkB_3C4ZIbi2QyFiXIB9-j8XZ7ggOm5bBdu-XNGGP7VQM2l7sC1R-kNOmFGyuhoNjjZdUVcLxMNVRweDDn5rtCMlFUwltG2ZCHfhjVEGFarY/s400/16-+image_2013y05m30d_03h05m09s_C_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould -conidia at different stages of maturity. Note the attachment of the dark conidium near center left of the photo. It appears to still be attached by its inflated base or stalk.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsedKDWyJsdn1KA6E0wFUk_FtH9rfqshNewVJsaUkfwfGE2HcheSjDHh6J0brSN9NVeh7H8Pc2Dv8AhHJYhucCCdiYwPV8KJet8v4Wykoc0xEDP7U9oxhb1rmUO0zhqi6GkLCzbha4Sgo/s1600/17-+image_2013y05m30d_03h03m56s_C_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsedKDWyJsdn1KA6E0wFUk_FtH9rfqshNewVJsaUkfwfGE2HcheSjDHh6J0brSN9NVeh7H8Pc2Dv8AhHJYhucCCdiYwPV8KJet8v4Wykoc0xEDP7U9oxhb1rmUO0zhqi6GkLCzbha4Sgo/s400/17-+image_2013y05m30d_03h03m56s_C_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould - not a good photo -Why did I include this?</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbDKqnPYL44KyLjpJtqmaLuNoIOO9-kBa2QvJFx2yNmphRynzXFjSpsHzmjsjUqq3z1u46cyfZD8WKgRP59RRz3MKs2ZPIutNugQONNdyIw9L6F33wFFO5Buo7x6P4GpAfWQoCWry0VJw/s1600/30-+image_2013y05m30d_03h14m07s_C_1000X.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbDKqnPYL44KyLjpJtqmaLuNoIOO9-kBa2QvJFx2yNmphRynzXFjSpsHzmjsjUqq3z1u46cyfZD8WKgRP59RRz3MKs2ZPIutNugQONNdyIw9L6F33wFFO5Buo7x6P4GpAfWQoCWry0VJw/s400/30-+image_2013y05m30d_03h14m07s_C_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould - two conidia attatched to or growing within? the hypha</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTeRiC8VUISBxZz-sQeRqGGtk4A2kdE5SqbdwR6DbgX_L8G7FF1g9XW285sUy00-X2m1xR0nFNp2EcLoDVkJroc_dtf9x4DVHKFSbPS44Vwm2xwQXIy7Kb4fOhmnnMcghw-ThMVLvvzPc/s1600/18-+image_2013y06m01d_18h19m23s_C_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTeRiC8VUISBxZz-sQeRqGGtk4A2kdE5SqbdwR6DbgX_L8G7FF1g9XW285sUy00-X2m1xR0nFNp2EcLoDVkJroc_dtf9x4DVHKFSbPS44Vwm2xwQXIy7Kb4fOhmnnMcghw-ThMVLvvzPc/s400/18-+image_2013y06m01d_18h19m23s_C_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould -septate, branching hyphae with terminal and sessile conidia.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-YyRBRTuHV76N3jD0YI6qtKfcVg1EI71b3DKfLXOiPbdpiGWwbNWt0W1Y9ktBtc3Il5XUnLr4cpYazZT_cRiDcE20Od187gOr_3reBtZhF5_8ZI71pI-8VNdklB2vCAfV_UpLFrFC6dw/s1600/19-+image_2013y06m01d_18h11m10s_C_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-YyRBRTuHV76N3jD0YI6qtKfcVg1EI71b3DKfLXOiPbdpiGWwbNWt0W1Y9ktBtc3Il5XUnLr4cpYazZT_cRiDcE20Od187gOr_3reBtZhF5_8ZI71pI-8VNdklB2vCAfV_UpLFrFC6dw/s400/19-+image_2013y06m01d_18h11m10s_C_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould -large terminal oval conidium (chlamydospore?) seen in center of photo. Immediately behind it there is a branch with a basal septum supporting a slightly out of focus conidium. (1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgat5jKUDMGbB8vwdH5IJvwt4QeFzXuhPmn_7DnZyCaHOEGSuBwAkQx_4qUzR52PNKiRa5pLUuN_X02SQGWGAiUfiqXFFCxxKkHxV9HiMNE_4lxgNcEy5HHa93g4NUL5HSbOL3eyF-s66I/s1600/20-+image_2013y06m01d_18h11m44s_C_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgat5jKUDMGbB8vwdH5IJvwt4QeFzXuhPmn_7DnZyCaHOEGSuBwAkQx_4qUzR52PNKiRa5pLUuN_X02SQGWGAiUfiqXFFCxxKkHxV9HiMNE_4lxgNcEy5HHa93g4NUL5HSbOL3eyF-s66I/s400/20-+image_2013y06m01d_18h11m44s_C_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould - just left of center, is what appears to be an intercalary conidium (chlamydospore). That is, it appears to be in the middle of, and continuous with the hypha and not attached to it. (1000X. LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijcylp_-Nrb6N8d-pRXxOniqTQHL53lvrix2oC0op506BDUtIu-QK1p53p1T5psxF_8XrcWiL84ne1j5C5uLzxnGvKEmT0HQoOt7lotyQswyWNR-HF5thVhQRon3DfzoPhFubjmxg2E4s/s1600/21-+image_2013y06m01d_18h20m03s_C_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijcylp_-Nrb6N8d-pRXxOniqTQHL53lvrix2oC0op506BDUtIu-QK1p53p1T5psxF_8XrcWiL84ne1j5C5uLzxnGvKEmT0HQoOt7lotyQswyWNR-HF5thVhQRon3DfzoPhFubjmxg2E4s/s400/21-+image_2013y06m01d_18h20m03s_C_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould -conidia attached directly to the hyphae (sessile), on short, somewhat inflated stalks, and one near center-right on a longer simple stalk (or branch?) Septations in the hyphae clearly visible. (1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-0CxYOAgzGsM6SdLO-LA0QrpVTlLU2CBoseVWYkvbItetdieui0CDOige7oElv74GUeRZ1aNQc5ZNuwtJ8jjOmhm_kajNpZ8sBEL1BMyqT-PkyjKCdb3C3xwQgJ06cvOwSAF6r5dq4KU/s1600/22-+image_2013y06m01d_18h17m28s_C_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-0CxYOAgzGsM6SdLO-LA0QrpVTlLU2CBoseVWYkvbItetdieui0CDOige7oElv74GUeRZ1aNQc5ZNuwtJ8jjOmhm_kajNpZ8sBEL1BMyqT-PkyjKCdb3C3xwQgJ06cvOwSAF6r5dq4KU/s400/22-+image_2013y06m01d_18h17m28s_C_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould -another photo as above. A couple of the conidia appear to have a concave dimple. Curious. (1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF1zU0jCyHSE82RQji5QxsnR4FlHiidd5UEPo2asG0SLoGBLcB9CC8uu2QEa3XHyzFl6Q6SmY35cAbb2ZuNGn_oPv7YHUdLm0_SYxYESC_LOGbt_Ue8N5sOh14oEU4URNkgH0_huQ1NWk/s1600/23-+image_2013y06m01d_18h15m28s_C_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF1zU0jCyHSE82RQji5QxsnR4FlHiidd5UEPo2asG0SLoGBLcB9CC8uu2QEa3XHyzFl6Q6SmY35cAbb2ZuNGn_oPv7YHUdLm0_SYxYESC_LOGbt_Ue8N5sOh14oEU4URNkgH0_huQ1NWk/s400/23-+image_2013y06m01d_18h15m28s_C_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould -and because 'more is better', here is another photo showing different stages of maturity and attachment. (1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZN20uWK4fQeXXiJlRdgMM7_KDVfbLiTQR1dgTIpzqmCtVTTPm55MIHj_l0JHOALgHy4m3ih9vsHpIU36rD4p6jptTimmQPpsodhICy17i9WDOEFHc6vh75Y1Nj9DftJPUP90d8bdHGKc/s1600/24-+image_2013y05m30d_03h12m01s_C_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZN20uWK4fQeXXiJlRdgMM7_KDVfbLiTQR1dgTIpzqmCtVTTPm55MIHj_l0JHOALgHy4m3ih9vsHpIU36rD4p6jptTimmQPpsodhICy17i9WDOEFHc6vh75Y1Nj9DftJPUP90d8bdHGKc/s400/24-+image_2013y05m30d_03h12m01s_C_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould -septate hyphae with sessile conidia.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRRdUumM2wpcDXTcz4MVSPAqSrH80Aje-rlHd_7w9_6K8VbzIiClb7u2RvSIMgJQpFrscvOC2EPAr6AKv7dVyuVFC6zAQJqUrQDR84WniMjy-f3m1M7OOrlCKaTBDTCybKGXoOsOLWRxQ/s1600/25-+image_2013y06m04d_17h51m35s_C_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRRdUumM2wpcDXTcz4MVSPAqSrH80Aje-rlHd_7w9_6K8VbzIiClb7u2RvSIMgJQpFrscvOC2EPAr6AKv7dVyuVFC6zAQJqUrQDR84WniMjy-f3m1M7OOrlCKaTBDTCybKGXoOsOLWRxQ/s400/25-+image_2013y06m04d_17h51m35s_C_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould - growth pattern of hyphae suggests sympodial growth (see next slide). Pigment or stain may be exuded by the hyphae. (1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQBxYk9n9tc2xk2mr8iihyXv2aDivANg8q1uNPyY80CWtVrAJOFr0zA7583F1b2VS0DqEtjGRAOks5RMIyzxFlr2Av65p7PWNRGEZ_ZsP4lCqAQa66a3BQqixs92JvlQGyUPGKviPe9eA/s1600/Sympodial+vs+Monopodial+Growth+-%252811%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQBxYk9n9tc2xk2mr8iihyXv2aDivANg8q1uNPyY80CWtVrAJOFr0zA7583F1b2VS0DqEtjGRAOks5RMIyzxFlr2Av65p7PWNRGEZ_ZsP4lCqAQa66a3BQqixs92JvlQGyUPGKviPe9eA/s400/Sympodial+vs+Monopodial+Growth+-%252811%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Growth pattern of Sympodial vs Monopodial</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNaseveUq_RshF0Csn96iEziVsXy9dZNnvpTyblECtdP6_ZquF5poakR4TjWMZEWgWfMjZF-0ILnzLmceXbuklndL33oZa_B30_wQCORH6ztjJozmTKjic1jOWnv6yj5vc5waM-Tm21Yg/s1600/26-+image_2013y05m30d_03h14m41s_C_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNaseveUq_RshF0Csn96iEziVsXy9dZNnvpTyblECtdP6_ZquF5poakR4TjWMZEWgWfMjZF-0ILnzLmceXbuklndL33oZa_B30_wQCORH6ztjJozmTKjic1jOWnv6yj5vc5waM-Tm21Yg/s400/26-+image_2013y05m30d_03h14m41s_C_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould -Sessile conidium - resting right on the hypha.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibVIWCr1tR6YqZXwXY2g-R9Dey-1OeLfsMRzt5DhHiZrJkn_OyUCgnSvl3YLwPN9WfiD215jTtgwtp8PGmZu-2miKucZpIM-tQ973S_H-UwqU5MeQUZAxoNgYCF1ExJ89JlKBtUuRBcQE/s1600/27-+image_2013y05m30d_03h07m08s_C_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibVIWCr1tR6YqZXwXY2g-R9Dey-1OeLfsMRzt5DhHiZrJkn_OyUCgnSvl3YLwPN9WfiD215jTtgwtp8PGmZu-2miKucZpIM-tQ973S_H-UwqU5MeQUZAxoNgYCF1ExJ89JlKBtUuRBcQE/s400/27-+image_2013y05m30d_03h07m08s_C_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould -you may remember this photo from earlier in this post, however, here is a closer look at the central dark conidium and the short inflated base attaching it to the broken hypha. A younger, ellipsoidal conidium appears in the lower left. Note too the rather thick-walled appearance of the round conidium in the upper left.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unidentified
mould -a photo showing many of the features mentioned previously. Conidia (chlamydospores) appear to be intercalary, withing the hypha. Suggestions of sympodial growth pattern. Large ellipsoidal terminal conidium appears to have a septum (arrow), dividing it into two compartments. (1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/" target="_blank"><i><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Return to the top (Most Recent Posts)</span></span></i></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">* * *</span></b></span></span></div>
Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-39668674300796262292015-12-11T13:36:00.001-05:002015-12-11T13:36:44.334-05:00Sarocladium kiliense<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sarocladium kiliense</span></i></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> (Formerly <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium
kiliense</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Note:</b></span> Recent
revision of the genus<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2015/03/acremonium-species.html" target="_blank">Acremonium</a> </i>has
placed the mould formerly known as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium
kiliense</i> into the genus of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sarocladium</i>
and therefore is now known as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sarocladium
kiliense<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></b></span></span></span></a></i>.<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Sarocladium</i>
currently contains 16 species with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sarocladium
oryzae</i> as the ‘type’ species in the genus.</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ecology:</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sarocladium
kiliense</i> is a ubiquitous soil saprophyte commonly found in many
environmental locations.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pathology:</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Immunocompetent hosts are rarely infected by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sarocladium kiliense</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those with underlying immunological disorders
may be predisposed to infection, whether local or progressively
systematic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Infection is usually through
traumatic implantation of the mould leading to the development of a
granuloma.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Endocarditis, CAPD-associated
peritonitis and keratitis have been described in the literature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although rare, post-operative endopthalmitis
has also been reported following cataract surgery<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This emergent, opportunistic fungus may be
resistant to common antifungal therapies<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_edn3" name="_ednref3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[iii]</span></span></span></span></a>.</div>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i>Sarocladium </i>is known to contain a number of species
pathogenic to plants.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Macroscopic
Morphology:</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The isolate presented here exhibited moderate growth,
maturing in about 7 days on Sabouraud Dextrose agar at 30ᵒC.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Colony expansion was somewhat
restricted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The colony developed an
off-white, greyish-white to light tan or pinkish colouration with fine, dry
felt-like surface texture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Delicate radial
surface striations were evident.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Reverse
appeared yellowish to light brown.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2lawVa6Y3Yvr7lNVMFOQ135IW_jzYLu45OE30lZaFoVnPYJwD73fPxnuWkB0fngJ27Aj5YlMupp_XC5VXPSt6pqXbrjm_ba1e42Yg3npi_zyXQCfhudHQuF7HVQy0BXslcZZDEBAVnm8/s1600/01-+Sarocladium+kiliense+SAB+10d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="391" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2lawVa6Y3Yvr7lNVMFOQ135IW_jzYLu45OE30lZaFoVnPYJwD73fPxnuWkB0fngJ27Aj5YlMupp_XC5VXPSt6pqXbrjm_ba1e42Yg3npi_zyXQCfhudHQuF7HVQy0BXslcZZDEBAVnm8/s400/01-+Sarocladium+kiliense+SAB+10d.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - 10 days growth on Sabouraud-Dextrose Agar (SAB or SDA) at 30ᵒC (<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNlCpz9nOOWnzeRXrehwH-xQp86stW7BXSoMOo2xGLB-Y9vwDbbBsz9pkZvOzbHqlD_tsIsln0E7KvRvmkQ60ATcv0dewY-ktE5f16S7RQ5fJGdm1RPV8QAKlf_EildbTYX9l0m5TJINc/s1600/02-+Sarocladium+kiliense+SAB+10d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNlCpz9nOOWnzeRXrehwH-xQp86stW7BXSoMOo2xGLB-Y9vwDbbBsz9pkZvOzbHqlD_tsIsln0E7KvRvmkQ60ATcv0dewY-ktE5f16S7RQ5fJGdm1RPV8QAKlf_EildbTYX9l0m5TJINc/s200/02-+Sarocladium+kiliense+SAB+10d.jpg" width="166" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Microscopic
Morphology:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Hyphae were hyaline, septate and narrow, often grouping
together in cords (<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">fascicled
hyphae).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The delicate phialides
appeared long (25 -45 µm), thin-walled and tapering.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The long phialides extending from the hyphae
may have a basal septum, or if intercalary, they may produce a lateral
phialidic <span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">(adelophialide)
</span>outgrowth of variable length<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">,
which lacks the basal septum.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">Adelophialides
may be found submerged in the medium. </span></span>Single-celled conidia are described as ellipsoidal to short cylindrical,
(3 – 6 X 1.5 µm) in size.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conidia accumulate
in slimy masses around the tip of the conidiophore unless physically
dispersed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They, at times, may appear to
“fall back” and accumulate along the sides of the conidiophore.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cell arrangements are easily disrupted even
when gentle care is taken with a slide culture.</span><br />
</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b>Note:</b> The micron bar which appears in most photos may change scale between 100 µm to 50 µm without notice. When photographing at a magnification of 1000+10X, the bar extends past the borders of the screen at 100 µm. It may or may not not be reset for subsequent photos at 1000X.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEichMqwMEEBiyxbal_cq-e-a351SxiQH4TRhSU82JKZSNJLJdXgeMe80cQWN_96Q-DI6UlXzV3VtgPse5F5gtL_QFfAX4Lz7m1ify0eJ3O2oSEvjAwOYrGEXJOpBmE7EoIcCPl9-lMi_Z4/s1600/03-+Sarocladium+kiliense+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEichMqwMEEBiyxbal_cq-e-a351SxiQH4TRhSU82JKZSNJLJdXgeMe80cQWN_96Q-DI6UlXzV3VtgPse5F5gtL_QFfAX4Lz7m1ify0eJ3O2oSEvjAwOYrGEXJOpBmE7EoIcCPl9-lMi_Z4/s400/03-+Sarocladium+kiliense+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - long, thin and tapering phialides are appearant extending from the bundle of hyphae running diagonally through the photo. (400X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7sbGxyXZeKvNmpmKjIfTuBEceS3uY7jYUdcrLda2icE1U850AbM7tpTYVwOlDE1OzMVEz8c2eNZT48v493q7O2xqcmFvCT-UpPzyGzOqIhaQBJGtvSW2XZ0Z9izEt0wg6ixPhMLE4bss/s1600/04-+Sarocladium+kiliense+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7sbGxyXZeKvNmpmKjIfTuBEceS3uY7jYUdcrLda2icE1U850AbM7tpTYVwOlDE1OzMVEz8c2eNZT48v493q7O2xqcmFvCT-UpPzyGzOqIhaQBJGtvSW2XZ0Z9izEt0wg6ixPhMLE4bss/s400/04-+Sarocladium+kiliense+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - again, the thin, delicate phialides extend from the parent hyphae with a bundle of conidia collected at the apex of each. Single, free conidia also seen dispersed throughout the photo. (400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgryHpmFXtmfHHJuQ8gcRA86VQQ-k7VyVTQAMGnCdo7F5Cdh5hhZ3KBvvs-b1ZLTPum2p3knmF_sGC1-v4J4Msqj7nvnm13hW_RR7oUV1IxXIcq5Bq4PQSfoLerCFCS5rrLhfHJns0i3vM/s1600/05-+Sarocladium+kiliense+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgryHpmFXtmfHHJuQ8gcRA86VQQ-k7VyVTQAMGnCdo7F5Cdh5hhZ3KBvvs-b1ZLTPum2p3knmF_sGC1-v4J4Msqj7nvnm13hW_RR7oUV1IxXIcq5Bq4PQSfoLerCFCS5rrLhfHJns0i3vM/s400/05-+Sarocladium+kiliense+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - and another photo. Some phialides disappear out of the focal plane of the camera and only their bundle of conidia show where they re-emerge.</div>
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(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKKHvaaApCBuwSR9Q4bzuWj9ApqXROLA37vaddYa77MqcjPijPTSbzoxLEtniR-A4EdZYeVBuM-seiKlW8-0juE7nwLqnopQaETDnZiavJX8Av7PLZql_0aKg4flPqPk1rAIb4gUOpn50/s1600/07-+Sarocladium+kiliense+400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKKHvaaApCBuwSR9Q4bzuWj9ApqXROLA37vaddYa77MqcjPijPTSbzoxLEtniR-A4EdZYeVBuM-seiKlW8-0juE7nwLqnopQaETDnZiavJX8Av7PLZql_0aKg4flPqPk1rAIb4gUOpn50/s400/07-+Sarocladium+kiliense+400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - perhaps a better shot of a row of phialides extending from the 'parent' hyphae with the conidia they have produced still clinging together at the apex. Many sources describe the accumulated conidia at the tip as being held together in "slimy" masses. (400+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjSynEB8cGcYH3kY44IS7IOmXtX2W7xLuixvC4vUoOwkmeQny3vyAD-WsCkxHkQ39ndCTGVOA1Bo4luLLiAiaK3q_gWbC8zruEOxNCGgbphJqdxi4cyVUarxEGoYUuj0DdOft6FaF4i7I/s1600/06-+Sarocladium+kiliense+400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjSynEB8cGcYH3kY44IS7IOmXtX2W7xLuixvC4vUoOwkmeQny3vyAD-WsCkxHkQ39ndCTGVOA1Bo4luLLiAiaK3q_gWbC8zruEOxNCGgbphJqdxi4cyVUarxEGoYUuj0DdOft6FaF4i7I/s400/06-+Sarocladium+kiliense+400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - a curious photo where the conidia seem to have 'fallen' down along side of the phailides which bore them. Of course there is no gravity involved here, yet the tip of the phialide has no conidia which are found lined up along either side.<br />
(400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108) </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5CnZdV_hRr0GhPamHF15ie3MNwom22DxR5waxwwhJR2H6NvG2luHQvX7G0HPdiCgyhV_sdpcqNtaYRiYLBXQHzyIfQ3sbMrt5LcflAPbcvT5YGQvdrK0FpwQK8xf-yZXrSaCxR1khOHY/s1600/08-+Sarocladium+kliliense+400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5CnZdV_hRr0GhPamHF15ie3MNwom22DxR5waxwwhJR2H6NvG2luHQvX7G0HPdiCgyhV_sdpcqNtaYRiYLBXQHzyIfQ3sbMrt5LcflAPbcvT5YGQvdrK0FpwQK8xf-yZXrSaCxR1khOHY/s400/08-+Sarocladium+kliliense+400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - often, these hyphae tend to form bundles or cords as they cling together. Again, long thin, delicate phialides bear conidia at their tips.</div>
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(400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuq4sjqFct3tLhCKq5Xf2ZkcqC_ZtwtRDYUyPPJ4GZzTiBsw8IXtqkLva0ZXo1SdvtoUXw3GHoKHFPWt43i3VjhnwZRgj2OfBQjoLh7O1VdQDX5pUnFbx-0fUrIS5ruO3HzFg-IiCyUAE/s1600/09-+Sarocladium+kiliense+400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuq4sjqFct3tLhCKq5Xf2ZkcqC_ZtwtRDYUyPPJ4GZzTiBsw8IXtqkLva0ZXo1SdvtoUXw3GHoKHFPWt43i3VjhnwZRgj2OfBQjoLh7O1VdQDX5pUnFbx-0fUrIS5ruO3HzFg-IiCyUAE/s400/09-+Sarocladium+kiliense+400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - another view of the same.</div>
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(400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMxRXf1ILlgmFoQuuECdRBwhLhCeChaVUES7t4ttu3GSnqJETBY9-QWbIHZG6FnNig-4mImKy0pAnU30us15Gxjvh3TEG4Smz5hj5qOwSOt0nqqZvwyUKXIkmBJfisRmIG-7Y076Me-EQ/s1600/10-+Sarocladium+kiliense+400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMxRXf1ILlgmFoQuuECdRBwhLhCeChaVUES7t4ttu3GSnqJETBY9-QWbIHZG6FnNig-4mImKy0pAnU30us15Gxjvh3TEG4Smz5hj5qOwSOt0nqqZvwyUKXIkmBJfisRmIG-7Y076Me-EQ/s400/10-+Sarocladium+kiliense+400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - taken from the edge of a slide culture, this one phialide has a huge number of conidia accumulated around its tip. Hard to say if this phialide is a 'hard working model employee', or just a 'hoarder', accumulating free conida drifting about that others had produced. I quickly found out that the structures are very delicate and easily disrupted.</div>
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(400+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvEPJryYuKhqbUbhjqRcXuokDXyuMeLuMznxWLJIj68jgltdTS13m6hF4qVx7d1MsK7Fbl2IJIF6FDhha5B1QB3H7F2SWyefpbmP8kuk8mEO0l_lVjPMWrul6LFgwKH6ZPBa4nBFr6w-k/s1600/11-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvEPJryYuKhqbUbhjqRcXuokDXyuMeLuMznxWLJIj68jgltdTS13m6hF4qVx7d1MsK7Fbl2IJIF6FDhha5B1QB3H7F2SWyefpbmP8kuk8mEO0l_lVjPMWrul6LFgwKH6ZPBa4nBFr6w-k/s400/11-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - at a higher magnification.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCAPPaJJkjWyoJhMOsY5Y3w9b1Frp42cFIZcKR69gn8pUaqCHW100Ct-8RI2SXVD9fe8u6fYcE0j95lm85m9ATeCRTn8IAsi_domnmwWxN6GKn394KufY8w2Vw7j897qfx_u8dF1nIhis/s1600/12-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCAPPaJJkjWyoJhMOsY5Y3w9b1Frp42cFIZcKR69gn8pUaqCHW100Ct-8RI2SXVD9fe8u6fYcE0j95lm85m9ATeCRTn8IAsi_domnmwWxN6GKn394KufY8w2Vw7j897qfx_u8dF1nIhis/s400/12-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - as above. I'll add some more until you 'get the picture' or 'get bored'!</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfUYwMQMlhnFgOK-_4CMDCXWSGbdZIRuQhwGKu6_KsFi2PR6R5sX_ygruNS8gRIe9ETp8p29OXcxRWkvhkzaAvS9imKejqWabUldNGOv08Pzkj8Hfk2U56HTQb5MLyNoifuWdftmbivRU/s1600/13-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfUYwMQMlhnFgOK-_4CMDCXWSGbdZIRuQhwGKu6_KsFi2PR6R5sX_ygruNS8gRIe9ETp8p29OXcxRWkvhkzaAvS9imKejqWabUldNGOv08Pzkj8Hfk2U56HTQb5MLyNoifuWdftmbivRU/s400/13-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - a bundle of hyphae running diagonally through the photo. The delicate phialides
are about 25 -45 µm in length, thin-walled and tapering.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiNiZECSWmeTT7Zzr7XRX3Y9bqCu9dVkEo1QfXIuTLUX0u1Q4FELpITVEui_optnIuq2Rbw1IlN1FLJV0oC7Vv2Y4f7tmK7SfJcc4NfKrgfCxec4PJV1UV-1QsaLNBb_MGKb4P5weacpw/s1600/14-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiNiZECSWmeTT7Zzr7XRX3Y9bqCu9dVkEo1QfXIuTLUX0u1Q4FELpITVEui_optnIuq2Rbw1IlN1FLJV0oC7Vv2Y4f7tmK7SfJcc4NfKrgfCxec4PJV1UV-1QsaLNBb_MGKb4P5weacpw/s400/14-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Single-celled conidia are described as ellipsoidal to short cylindrical,
(3 – 6 X 1.5 µm) in size. I'm not sure as to what structure my arrow points to at the base of the phialide as it doesn't really look like a conidium nor a chlamydospore.</div>
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(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYJDvyxSnqfwwzI23lgSoBDktaMlsNfiDuTbWukuyJXfGHsSeu4YdxqVWaQ6Jg8kLZvtd7zNJRazdZrs3ofwdq-TSUNT5uJW9lwLGS9AJ2NGyUWLH0aULmnpHXZwI_e0_EaWTHg-vFl74/s1600/15-++Sarocladium+kiliense+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYJDvyxSnqfwwzI23lgSoBDktaMlsNfiDuTbWukuyJXfGHsSeu4YdxqVWaQ6Jg8kLZvtd7zNJRazdZrs3ofwdq-TSUNT5uJW9lwLGS9AJ2NGyUWLH0aULmnpHXZwI_e0_EaWTHg-vFl74/s400/15-++Sarocladium+kiliense+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - nicely stacked conidia and hyphae arranged in 'cords' <span style="font-family: inherit;">(<span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">fascicled
hyphae).</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108) </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9WaA6swaQ7BmNRRFiBFwS6dIQhShHF55EwrJchdizj4P5DAwxQ9KuoN_n4XWRdLXrSRSQp-hiyi7c8lT6LS6Soy11tlFMFxtVsE0Uz8mHSWHck3D2XUzvLet0N7VIJlhbj6dhlwKcCiU/s1600/15-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9WaA6swaQ7BmNRRFiBFwS6dIQhShHF55EwrJchdizj4P5DAwxQ9KuoN_n4XWRdLXrSRSQp-hiyi7c8lT6LS6Soy11tlFMFxtVsE0Uz8mHSWHck3D2XUzvLet0N7VIJlhbj6dhlwKcCiU/s400/15-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - phialides extending from the hyphae
may have a basal septum (arrow).</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipxMg4uQ2qGDRxWaLvNYXHcL1l6VxKrGf4aAh31o6o0By0CQ0R5ynT9x1FQWDi3pQtv7xH6evC7DgQoBrL-y2YUsU-96znJh6O5kNGq5spZ3jLSDXJfPcLeHFBqHclLsrwwUsKSW_VQtQ/s1600/18-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000%252B10X.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipxMg4uQ2qGDRxWaLvNYXHcL1l6VxKrGf4aAh31o6o0By0CQ0R5ynT9x1FQWDi3pQtv7xH6evC7DgQoBrL-y2YUsU-96znJh6O5kNGq5spZ3jLSDXJfPcLeHFBqHclLsrwwUsKSW_VQtQ/s400/18-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyVNMzQS2CHldT_KRqD5p74iJvRq1fSBsJJMVWi45DW7BOF-wcW9tGGarkKAiFJU-thDmWe7Z8z_EclmFfXAPsO4BHtdUNcmbpYcpz-_bekGNzf9ksfH3cr_c7_1GoJ0DpI8dziLs6yBc/s1600/16-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - as seen above, the long phialides extending from the hyphae
may have a basal septum, or if intercalary, they may produce a lateral
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">(adelophialide)
</span> of variable length which lacks a basal septum. </span><br />
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkYnobAdLv0u4NZdjjzOx3ybaG3nUJ5lcVJyGquuj04CtqSBbIwDx_O3z2YD04tCpG6POzhY34OtSnzdY45c373s2ytz-l2EQHFmyK82ovmYdtgJLw0T0uaM_W639rXbpzUyZRF9s5D4Q/s1600/17-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkYnobAdLv0u4NZdjjzOx3ybaG3nUJ5lcVJyGquuj04CtqSBbIwDx_O3z2YD04tCpG6POzhY34OtSnzdY45c373s2ytz-l2EQHFmyK82ovmYdtgJLw0T0uaM_W639rXbpzUyZRF9s5D4Q/s400/17-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - the shape of the conidia differs from the pointy-ended, curved shape of <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2012/06/fusarium-oxysporum.html" target="_blank"><i>Fusarium</i> species</a> which also may be produced at the ends of phialides, similar to that shown here.<br />
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)<br />
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyVNMzQS2CHldT_KRqD5p74iJvRq1fSBsJJMVWi45DW7BOF-wcW9tGGarkKAiFJU-thDmWe7Z8z_EclmFfXAPsO4BHtdUNcmbpYcpz-_bekGNzf9ksfH3cr_c7_1GoJ0DpI8dziLs6yBc/s1600/16-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000%252B10X.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyVNMzQS2CHldT_KRqD5p74iJvRq1fSBsJJMVWi45DW7BOF-wcW9tGGarkKAiFJU-thDmWe7Z8z_EclmFfXAPsO4BHtdUNcmbpYcpz-_bekGNzf9ksfH3cr_c7_1GoJ0DpI8dziLs6yBc/s400/16-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a> </div>
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<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - rather than a short phialide, this one (center-left) can probably be traced back under the bundle of hyphae. (1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxd3EwgIMvQXImQj86c2XK-ijQgwZRO9AYTTYpAMzm8qozrryIbjJdInVj4Vof9P5tyd-5V1qlTgAlC1faFWOTLwivZ2unSeC7dXcGu7_yl0sBZ8tJWt3ZqUfY_EcQMCj76APvjuaZ1sA/s1600/19-+Sarocladium+kiliense+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxd3EwgIMvQXImQj86c2XK-ijQgwZRO9AYTTYpAMzm8qozrryIbjJdInVj4Vof9P5tyd-5V1qlTgAlC1faFWOTLwivZ2unSeC7dXcGu7_yl0sBZ8tJWt3ZqUfY_EcQMCj76APvjuaZ1sA/s400/19-+Sarocladium+kiliense+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - stepping back a bit in magnification, the massive numbers of conidia produced is well demonstrated in this photograph. (400X, LPCB, DMD-108)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBkoGQUSduQll_Qv7CTqCU0wHlPAqowTaUvQ-5EgM1rBFxnq-3sgRoKMmJzHI3qISfH8x6HWYQNFY6daRIWWoHqZkM9SrLshflryBvnPa4WmPQflGV0PRUemUXKUobciw5ER-OWjYrKE0/s1600/20-+Sarocladium+kiliense+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBkoGQUSduQll_Qv7CTqCU0wHlPAqowTaUvQ-5EgM1rBFxnq-3sgRoKMmJzHI3qISfH8x6HWYQNFY6daRIWWoHqZkM9SrLshflryBvnPa4WmPQflGV0PRUemUXKUobciw5ER-OWjYrKE0/s400/20-+Sarocladium+kiliense+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - a first look at the fungus when it arrived in the lab in transport, it appeared as above. (400X, LPCB, DMD-108)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBdZrCXLx7PHLC0CGJ2CUTMdY9pcHI9yxU1BucCiBCqBfncGxGTq0zpRHYRcvxI2PKGlg4NLpJOTprtNzzfhLZTMXDfHtnB4IBrplibTdNqHUH96O68616Fqk7yDRjI2Lm8Ia_f-ydI4A/s1600/21-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBdZrCXLx7PHLC0CGJ2CUTMdY9pcHI9yxU1BucCiBCqBfncGxGTq0zpRHYRcvxI2PKGlg4NLpJOTprtNzzfhLZTMXDfHtnB4IBrplibTdNqHUH96O68616Fqk7yDRjI2Lm8Ia_f-ydI4A/s400/21-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - round structures were repeatably viewed amongst the mass of hyphae.<br />
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLyf8ruwEeIDLpmtfVTgCVav6haEzlcsITlY0hkcfv-P7ALy8TXIClOsufRRLL3y8NYV1gkp8eim7u5yq5u-1ytnxwSLhk7Lfa8LwdzYnmqu8FAv3jnzkK6-xU2FeLVQ0xkgWBfGyY43g/s1600/22-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLyf8ruwEeIDLpmtfVTgCVav6haEzlcsITlY0hkcfv-P7ALy8TXIClOsufRRLL3y8NYV1gkp8eim7u5yq5u-1ytnxwSLhk7Lfa8LwdzYnmqu8FAv3jnzkK6-xU2FeLVQ0xkgWBfGyY43g/s400/22-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - these ones measured at 2.8 µm and 3.2 µm in diameter however the sources I consulted stated the mature chlamydospores of Sarocladium kiliense are 4 - 8 µm in diameter .<br />
(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO0O7r63b_-IYesX-1BorSwgcG-rh-Y-TtIVfSQauxgJKT3JYtVASNzvXsvi2arDMOdFGEMIenuDUHNTTtncjWjBl17rHYm_tovApz_OZ-oCkbTI6sNpRwda4wKHOws7-MgVFmjlas-8U/s1600/23-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO0O7r63b_-IYesX-1BorSwgcG-rh-Y-TtIVfSQauxgJKT3JYtVASNzvXsvi2arDMOdFGEMIenuDUHNTTtncjWjBl17rHYm_tovApz_OZ-oCkbTI6sNpRwda4wKHOws7-MgVFmjlas-8U/s400/23-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - I cannot find any reference to the dimensions of the chlaymydospores that Sarocladium kiliense produces. If not an artifact, I can only suspect that these structures are the chlamydospores sources mention in relation to this organism.<br />
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFDG6DT5N6bGsvJGSIcY2dTkYwr3z0nbmlKuz8j8Ms_m6n654GjsdT8XWhQi8baf80vbXhNL1ha1jmpwtqSrwRUdlo1a5RaSOxcEWSD9kByBEvJw9pBMorphvPeKs70ac73gii5H76iEw/s1600/24-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFDG6DT5N6bGsvJGSIcY2dTkYwr3z0nbmlKuz8j8Ms_m6n654GjsdT8XWhQi8baf80vbXhNL1ha1jmpwtqSrwRUdlo1a5RaSOxcEWSD9kByBEvJw9pBMorphvPeKs70ac73gii5H76iEw/s400/24-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> - another photo as above.<br />
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzBbQwwy9YaJxzrAB0siAp6SUr0gVpCxCLDrwoBHoPKiOWlG5RC8oby4AfEQmkuVvcBcZ0wt0wsSeOqUan7y8OMXet2UG8Si2672pyisxnfAnzsaTcJbDFFOtzeiqUiDSeKZaIlEaVl4I/s1600/26-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzBbQwwy9YaJxzrAB0siAp6SUr0gVpCxCLDrwoBHoPKiOWlG5RC8oby4AfEQmkuVvcBcZ0wt0wsSeOqUan7y8OMXet2UG8Si2672pyisxnfAnzsaTcJbDFFOtzeiqUiDSeKZaIlEaVl4I/s400/26-+Sarocladium+kiliense+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Sarocladium kiliense</i> -intercalary chlamydospore (insert)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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Most <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2015/03/acremonium-species.html" target="_blank"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i></a>
species are phenotypically similar and therefore other means, such as molecular
techniques, are required to accurately speciate isolates.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Often it is sufficient to report the isolate
simply as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i> species.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was through molecular means that it was
determined that the fungus previously referred to as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium kiliense</i> differed sufficiently to be reclassified as a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sarocladium</i>.</div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
One feature which is unique to this former <i>Acremonium</i> is
that it frequently produces terminal and/or intercalary chlamydospores.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Therefore, if you have isolated a mould which
looks in every other way like an <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium
species</i>, yet chlamydospores are present – you probably have a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sarocladium kiliense</i>.</div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Physiology:</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
The isolate presented here grew well at ambient room
temperature and at 30ᵒC.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It showed
reduced growth at 35ᵒC and failed to grow at 37ᵒC, therefore would probably not
be pathogenic for humans.</div>
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This isolate was <span style="color: magenta;"><b>urea positive</b></span>.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
</div>
<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">Acremonium</span></i><span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;"> phylogenetic overview and revision of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gliomastix</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sarocladium</i>, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Trichothecium</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">Summerbell RC,
Gueidan C, Schroers HJ, de Hoog GS, Starink M, Rosete YA, Guarro J, Scott JA.
2011.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">Stud Mycol
68:139-162, 2011</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium
kiliense</i> Endopthalmitis That Occurred after Cataract Extraction in an
Ambulatory Surgical Center and was traced to an Environmental Reservoir.</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Scott K. Fridkin,
Frederic B. Kremer, Lee A. Bland, Arvind Padhye, Michael M. McNeil and William
R Jarvis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Clin Infect Dis: 22 (February),
pg. 222 – 227, 1996</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="edn3" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_ednref3" name="_edn3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[iii]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">In Vitro Evaluation of Antifungal Drug Combinations
against <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sarocladium</i> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>) <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kiliense</i>, an <span class="slug-pages"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Opportunistic Emergent
Fungus Resistant to Antifungal Therapies.</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Fabiola Fernández-Silva,
Javier Capilla, Emilio Mayayo, Deanna Sutton, Josep Guarro</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<cite><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; font-style: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.</span></cite><span class="slug-pub-date"><i><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></i></span><span class="slug-pub-date"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">February 2014 </span></span><span class="slug-vol"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">vol.
58 </span></span><span class="slug-issue"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">no. 2 </span></span><span class="slug-pages"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">1259-1260</span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span class="slug-pages"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><i>Return to Top (Most Recent Posts) </i></span></span></span></div>
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<span class="slug-pages"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>* * *</b></span></span><i> </i></span></span></div>
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Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-82844719497238607192015-11-30T12:48:00.001-05:002015-11-30T12:49:48.303-05:00Alternative Stains & Preparation of Moulds & Yeast<span style="font-size: large;">Common and Alternative Stains for Viewing Moulds &Yeast</span><br />
<br />
While cleaning out some files, I came across a number of microphotographs which might be of interest to the reader. Most of my posts show the organism in question after it has already been isolated and not how it may first clue the microscopist/technologist that an organism is present in a specimen. A few photos of specimens containing fungi follow below.<br />
<br />
I worked on some of these specimens personally while others were brought to my attention by colleagues in the microbiology or histology laboratories. For those I did not work on personally, I have few specifics such as the final identification.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB6UFNYbqU8rxeoQx_5UmouOaRo1v-I3TCrRtJSBfVFJovJmP2GaUB188B77q-7orqrLrilDhWvk-2dNObLGw3MwNjeowX65RP4yLAOo1M1fBqAKC-7FHogiKcoXcrB-OFbOSj4uPck04/s1600/00-+Yeast_Sputum+Gram+stain+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB6UFNYbqU8rxeoQx_5UmouOaRo1v-I3TCrRtJSBfVFJovJmP2GaUB188B77q-7orqrLrilDhWvk-2dNObLGw3MwNjeowX65RP4yLAOo1M1fBqAKC-7FHogiKcoXcrB-OFbOSj4uPck04/s400/00-+Yeast_Sputum+Gram+stain+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Yeast cell producing pseudohyphae in a sputum specimen. Numerous white blood cells present.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, Gram Stain, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAVwfP-TRlYCX9Fwoo96typGd_UO0bqSXOJrrzBhhX8NQJgfK0J6J1mapKWvUXyCoKZ7Pwk_uDZSCd1-XqJRGWgCuZtLgsC-IvLQblUezvpfILNYdNNNlS4NO_LaIXIzdSZBimNYiuid0/s1600/01-+Yeast_Sputum+Gram+stain+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAVwfP-TRlYCX9Fwoo96typGd_UO0bqSXOJrrzBhhX8NQJgfK0J6J1mapKWvUXyCoKZ7Pwk_uDZSCd1-XqJRGWgCuZtLgsC-IvLQblUezvpfILNYdNNNlS4NO_LaIXIzdSZBimNYiuid0/s400/01-+Yeast_Sputum+Gram+stain+1000X.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
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Numerous yeast cells, many budding, along with other bacteria in this sputum sample. A large epithelial cell is seen in the lower left.</div>
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(1000X, Gram Stain, Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxZWsEK3rmrmBLxF0OxMkYyse0ZrKcsfK3kzkYAyrnQlMzATaKmM7mE91IILKeNDZvxr9pMNTk4bVeQSHbuhfIejn2YPZ1GUeQDfIDEMMnRcAau70-k8NwRK1tVT__2G08-v01lEa-eRY/s1600/02-+Yeast_Sptutum++Pneumo%252C+Haem+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxZWsEK3rmrmBLxF0OxMkYyse0ZrKcsfK3kzkYAyrnQlMzATaKmM7mE91IILKeNDZvxr9pMNTk4bVeQSHbuhfIejn2YPZ1GUeQDfIDEMMnRcAau70-k8NwRK1tVT__2G08-v01lEa-eRY/s400/02-+Yeast_Sptutum++Pneumo%252C+Haem+1000X.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
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Several yeast cells seen along the center of this sputum specimen photo. This sample also grew <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (pneumococcus) and <i>Haemophilus influezae</i>. White blood cells (wbc) and epithelial cells also present as one might expect.</div>
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(1000X, Gram Stain, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicCXbhaELsuctmUDvj_MGWaE0Nsmk4CQ-P1qsAOJA4AQdzJemSTAhySUnaW1DKnjliT9RSbDOIyhyphenhyphenT4I1GprcN7KhWDDN1f9-_9wwsSU9Ujp9PbZGVMwlqqfEWXGFK4i8B3Gs4H_-1PV8/s1600/03-+Yeast_Vag_Swab+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicCXbhaELsuctmUDvj_MGWaE0Nsmk4CQ-P1qsAOJA4AQdzJemSTAhySUnaW1DKnjliT9RSbDOIyhyphenhyphenT4I1GprcN7KhWDDN1f9-_9wwsSU9Ujp9PbZGVMwlqqfEWXGFK4i8B3Gs4H_-1PV8/s400/03-+Yeast_Vag_Swab+1000X.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
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Several individual yeast cells and the long pseudohyphae present seen in a vaginal swab specimen. Epithelial cells and commensal bacteria also present.</div>
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(1000X, Gram Stain, Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0ldtDdUes3DJBpMmNMC6Gjb7GXcTVu6hapgCk_apxdM24PsphbThuXQZFu5xyporCEj9LyKwcEYyRE30niXafIN807GVJQCZwG7mgLzzQTBiTL7aLp8-kuia72TW2KrgEfKTqkdghjJU/s1600/04-+Yeast_Kidney_Asp+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0ldtDdUes3DJBpMmNMC6Gjb7GXcTVu6hapgCk_apxdM24PsphbThuXQZFu5xyporCEj9LyKwcEYyRE30niXafIN807GVJQCZwG7mgLzzQTBiTL7aLp8-kuia72TW2KrgEfKTqkdghjJU/s400/04-+Yeast_Kidney_Asp+1000X.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
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Yeast pseudohyphae in a kidney aspirate.</div>
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(1000X, Gram Stain, Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggDyS7NggbRFuhBJijuFY1JJy76n1sEaJrYuNh3NjTC0mUoJJT73s-FHw9jPu1jALrkghobW270pMCDk8bcaHMnoVgefWSofmIfU-56bGy-W6iDzPz2xjHEgVbrufv5P1OQxaf-0dDfas/s1600/05-+Yeast_Kidney_Asp+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggDyS7NggbRFuhBJijuFY1JJy76n1sEaJrYuNh3NjTC0mUoJJT73s-FHw9jPu1jALrkghobW270pMCDk8bcaHMnoVgefWSofmIfU-56bGy-W6iDzPz2xjHEgVbrufv5P1OQxaf-0dDfas/s400/05-+Yeast_Kidney_Asp+1000X.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
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Another view (as above) of the yeast peudohyphae in the kidney aspirate, criss-crossing the photo.</div>
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(1000X, Gram Stain, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIL32WPpMHMlXb1NPJkHwlasdrgQDjyZpIXSJCzdH52_o7ayDrIF-DG5Te5YDv7WyOPVNqvVd_qJkEY7Zoh_iObOkeFpVxVve2fJOaOBpxprNdM-QOVqXc4G5Vb16_P_ehHr8RVV7u4lc/s1600/06-+Yeast_Blood_Culture+500X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIL32WPpMHMlXb1NPJkHwlasdrgQDjyZpIXSJCzdH52_o7ayDrIF-DG5Te5YDv7WyOPVNqvVd_qJkEY7Zoh_iObOkeFpVxVve2fJOaOBpxprNdM-QOVqXc4G5Vb16_P_ehHr8RVV7u4lc/s400/06-+Yeast_Blood_Culture+500X.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
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Rather elongate yeast cell(s) in a blood culture. Identification was not noted.</div>
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(500X, Gram Stain, Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglaCcH1pTu5tM6jSPis73Wx_dgDNUNUZpaVDqZ-DfyEoHqx3DMvXUolqYtE5zhep1m2tK9o4zDPA1ujZmBTW0wtmejvNlheIgDqlukWpIlgpSrxbWdyMlp8YfvB8wunm2FEd5L9An9-3Q/s1600/07-+C_parapsilosis+++Blood+Culture.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglaCcH1pTu5tM6jSPis73Wx_dgDNUNUZpaVDqZ-DfyEoHqx3DMvXUolqYtE5zhep1m2tK9o4zDPA1ujZmBTW0wtmejvNlheIgDqlukWpIlgpSrxbWdyMlp8YfvB8wunm2FEd5L9An9-3Q/s400/07-+C_parapsilosis+++Blood+Culture.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
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<i>Candida parapsilosis</i> in a blood culture.</div>
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(1000X, Gram Stain, Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwMsgTQfhYgl-0DzbqUBDoPp8I3-KeY5r-aJB1YXcrcfZAdIv_ssCW02jVvBjovLajdKKJ7OmRqtIPd9CAaVWuDEfceKfQ85L4oSq4eQmlBMkweURL_39sg8T6aSE3hpwcyzMnVzfBk0c/s1600/08-+C_parapsilosis+Blood+Culture.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwMsgTQfhYgl-0DzbqUBDoPp8I3-KeY5r-aJB1YXcrcfZAdIv_ssCW02jVvBjovLajdKKJ7OmRqtIPd9CAaVWuDEfceKfQ85L4oSq4eQmlBMkweURL_39sg8T6aSE3hpwcyzMnVzfBk0c/s400/08-+C_parapsilosis+Blood+Culture.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Another photo as above - budding <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> in a blood culture.</div>
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(1000X, Gram Stain, Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDUz4KQOON1ACq95m9aGEUG_h2rkBTqKOQo3sEVvQ887nvcm2RlSLg5OeoWKC1M2-lIgjOeVi6XxFkgCVUtAP_l1ovNEGQhSytiFrRGuMCyeOY7vpJyAzPrw0yRdyRE-g3rL7VHPZwJ7Y/s1600/09-+Yeast_Blood_Culture+250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDUz4KQOON1ACq95m9aGEUG_h2rkBTqKOQo3sEVvQ887nvcm2RlSLg5OeoWKC1M2-lIgjOeVi6XxFkgCVUtAP_l1ovNEGQhSytiFrRGuMCyeOY7vpJyAzPrw0yRdyRE-g3rL7VHPZwJ7Y/s400/09-+Yeast_Blood_Culture+250X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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This bizzare looking structure was from a direct gram stain of a blood culture and grew<i> Candida albicans.</i> It appears as if the yeast cells became clumped in this material (?) and were producing pseudohyphae seen as the 'branches' protruding outwards.</div>
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(250X, Gram Stain, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOsDGKVPhADeko8UTCFQv0zWVF3T7mFaoDcM7sO1b9wy9ChvIoPbc7mFvDUIJ2usbWyhQPaSk6L481xLxu3T8BiMekcAssFxR5BSx7e_YRZ6ukNxajI1yu6SlZiRda_gdZHxFq3QA9Hd0/s1600/10-+Yeast_Blood_Culture+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOsDGKVPhADeko8UTCFQv0zWVF3T7mFaoDcM7sO1b9wy9ChvIoPbc7mFvDUIJ2usbWyhQPaSk6L481xLxu3T8BiMekcAssFxR5BSx7e_YRZ6ukNxajI1yu6SlZiRda_gdZHxFq3QA9Hd0/s400/10-+Yeast_Blood_Culture+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Another view as above. Pseudohyphae protruding from material clumped together in a blood culture.</div>
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(400X, Gram Stain, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEMALByRgQhealc-Bmw1NvkilXmFiSDis-1Gqw8xkWUvylZA4du9Ol0HKDm8aZzhFvw82paXj4FQuauDcu_mlywjM3Rl5T__lX2yYaNPft40PpONXkJQq7SrKxJYJMVPLGhgakPIylkWE/s1600/12-+Fungus_Ear_Aspirate+400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEMALByRgQhealc-Bmw1NvkilXmFiSDis-1Gqw8xkWUvylZA4du9Ol0HKDm8aZzhFvw82paXj4FQuauDcu_mlywjM3Rl5T__lX2yYaNPft40PpONXkJQq7SrKxJYJMVPLGhgakPIylkWE/s400/12-+Fungus_Ear_Aspirate+400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Fungal conidium germinating in an ear. Two true hyphae can be seen extending from the conidium. Single epithelial cell seen in upper center.</div>
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(400+10X, Gram Stain, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSf91ADWGL9-qZT3A4oe2qdLHES75EpgJiu2G0Ms1ywPoaJ1-mJyaIbrKYTa3JzMxN4AqNaUJ7gyiW3DgBWXExdFSVwpbS91iHhyphenhyphen8CoNW2zYfT-A5gP4cO6qnDxdT-DLI4Blf9_9hk-DY/s1600/13-+Fungus_Ear_Aspirate+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSf91ADWGL9-qZT3A4oe2qdLHES75EpgJiu2G0Ms1ywPoaJ1-mJyaIbrKYTa3JzMxN4AqNaUJ7gyiW3DgBWXExdFSVwpbS91iHhyphenhyphen8CoNW2zYfT-A5gP4cO6qnDxdT-DLI4Blf9_9hk-DY/s400/13-+Fungus_Ear_Aspirate+400X.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
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Another photo of the ear swab (as above), here showing the dichotomous branching of the fungal hyphae. Septations within the hyphae are visible.</div>
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(400X, Gram Stain, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjejIoALcNFan8ubF4bIp0sSqj-oOQ4kjbTr9pCmOj_8UtR_0Z_CSyXBTZM3d8lfEXCIpMmGsyRzYCOPXK6kcK5JaTtwbtrz2IsFgSkGPeElA0PhJdcwB2p9y332ZGJAgI3-VXPpDFgDrE/s1600/14-+Fungus_Ear_Aspierate+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjejIoALcNFan8ubF4bIp0sSqj-oOQ4kjbTr9pCmOj_8UtR_0Z_CSyXBTZM3d8lfEXCIpMmGsyRzYCOPXK6kcK5JaTtwbtrz2IsFgSkGPeElA0PhJdcwB2p9y332ZGJAgI3-VXPpDFgDrE/s400/14-+Fungus_Ear_Aspierate+400X.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
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...And yet one more as above.</div>
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(400X, Gram Stain, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBoi7y0j0xNQQtJJl-VjdLn3vouLOmxFGdN920fi8ukJrwiwIVR96si7Pl-gOJPGIy__bWRGE-7NTCjNcJjLjhYGcuULaABOaw-pxV6fqbLPKU2NMgnq_Jl6zXXdUfGNMZs4vBBWob0WQ/s1600/15-+Fungus_Nasal_Aspirate+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBoi7y0j0xNQQtJJl-VjdLn3vouLOmxFGdN920fi8ukJrwiwIVR96si7Pl-gOJPGIy__bWRGE-7NTCjNcJjLjhYGcuULaABOaw-pxV6fqbLPKU2NMgnq_Jl6zXXdUfGNMZs4vBBWob0WQ/s400/15-+Fungus_Nasal_Aspirate+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Fungus present in the gram stain from a nasal aspirate. This isolate was identified subsequently identified as <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>.</div>
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(1000X, Gram Stain, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYOYIiD345_hFo_5oSHD_0nYE_5utP_uope76XyYwikYMEgKH5LDn1_rwN1EXcKMqujgHZmbG2ayQYIQf6qkwXsS_uMRz5JUD-9IIjjf5L2Lkr5upf-qygIz15gmG-qrflvj1a-b3Lh1o/s1600/16-+Fungus_Nasal_Aspirate+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYOYIiD345_hFo_5oSHD_0nYE_5utP_uope76XyYwikYMEgKH5LDn1_rwN1EXcKMqujgHZmbG2ayQYIQf6qkwXsS_uMRz5JUD-9IIjjf5L2Lkr5upf-qygIz15gmG-qrflvj1a-b3Lh1o/s400/16-+Fungus_Nasal_Aspirate+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Another photo of the nasal aspirate showing the fungal hyphae. Gram's crystal violet stain is strongly retained in this preparation resulting in the intense dark colour.</div>
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(1000X, Gram Stain, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibQEQBZe18_MltMyx_k_0oAv2znKk-yxFZmTX7inUlSpDjBr7WlgAPwcB9oQlGHTTyQxH6rEjZcSKeuoSOfLkkdKetMUhqo5D7au-8tWZhOWfrO2oVgW0tFWybBDrxOokI9IxP6MbANig/s1600/17-+Aspergillus_Bronch_Wash.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibQEQBZe18_MltMyx_k_0oAv2znKk-yxFZmTX7inUlSpDjBr7WlgAPwcB9oQlGHTTyQxH6rEjZcSKeuoSOfLkkdKetMUhqo5D7au-8tWZhOWfrO2oVgW0tFWybBDrxOokI9IxP6MbANig/s400/17-+Aspergillus_Bronch_Wash.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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I took several photos of this structure yet all seem to be somewhat out of focus. This appears to be the intact 'fruiting head' of an <i>Aspergillus</i> species as seen in the direct preparation of a broncheal wash. (1000X, Gram Stain, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaLfxnVHbMVkrt3kEEY_DisqvRTL_P0jMJnt-HZ0u9x9mptDuDzowcB9cxhSx9oiPPJBsYCGDmVlM7XvSafUj-l_Yci7VJKQZmA3KeWWQPgP_AdWxHiuv52R_32KtauunqmliU4BRiPgw/s1600/18-+Fungus_Nail+KOH+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaLfxnVHbMVkrt3kEEY_DisqvRTL_P0jMJnt-HZ0u9x9mptDuDzowcB9cxhSx9oiPPJBsYCGDmVlM7XvSafUj-l_Yci7VJKQZmA3KeWWQPgP_AdWxHiuv52R_32KtauunqmliU4BRiPgw/s400/18-+Fungus_Nail+KOH+400X.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
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Here we have a fungus (dermatophyte) seen in an unstained nail preparation. The nail specimen is covered with 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) which both softens & clarifies the nail for enhanced viewing as well as kills the fungus for safety.</div>
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(400X, 10% KOH, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4N6GSaM2N5EHLi2QNxv9wsw2bxNUU2dyb8ydkGip_9AT-VKIMOXGy8QlMVUl3xslpk5hYVmQAZR-c8194OD03-JMEgw9lqFRhuVZfPXEN3JfCFwSSPKZXuGXyMBtganrLyAs_43WvW_s/s1600/19-+Fungus_tissue+KOH+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4N6GSaM2N5EHLi2QNxv9wsw2bxNUU2dyb8ydkGip_9AT-VKIMOXGy8QlMVUl3xslpk5hYVmQAZR-c8194OD03-JMEgw9lqFRhuVZfPXEN3JfCFwSSPKZXuGXyMBtganrLyAs_43WvW_s/s400/19-+Fungus_tissue+KOH+400X.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
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Unspecified tissue containing fungal hyphae (arrows)</div>
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(400X, 10% KOH, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxZZd65isS0wOMPAiQm180khVVZ1I7wZdg-d-zxxa6ABUsTOVvDklKXYwgdks2key9QTe22FkEe3KHQQS_DAF-nRZik1T9mVIy97R-c79qVLn-jOlU_PjKFLvvsiCSG48la3AHgpGIIGg/s1600/20-+Aspergillus_Bronch_Wash.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxZZd65isS0wOMPAiQm180khVVZ1I7wZdg-d-zxxa6ABUsTOVvDklKXYwgdks2key9QTe22FkEe3KHQQS_DAF-nRZik1T9mVIy97R-c79qVLn-jOlU_PjKFLvvsiCSG48la3AHgpGIIGg/s400/20-+Aspergillus_Bronch_Wash.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Aspergillus fruiting structure and dispersed conidia. The inset is from another photo of the same structure at an alternate focus. I believe this specimen was from a brocheal specimen.</div>
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(Specifics not noted, Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_u7wSe70Zx_gZKUYAO_7NC5c0DCTKNyJ6EMW6C-uBGtBNSPd_CLselCpXjtJsRST3w6BvMqwNjIBYX0aNoXHs9mr48oRBZcDe1BG9GN4uDKe_JIcGtv9vSEhN1HA2MZmTREYtjLxqGl0/s1600/21-+Fungus_tissue+PAS+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_u7wSe70Zx_gZKUYAO_7NC5c0DCTKNyJ6EMW6C-uBGtBNSPd_CLselCpXjtJsRST3w6BvMqwNjIBYX0aNoXHs9mr48oRBZcDe1BG9GN4uDKe_JIcGtv9vSEhN1HA2MZmTREYtjLxqGl0/s400/21-+Fungus_tissue+PAS+1000X.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
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Fungus in a tissue sample. This histological section shows the hyphae sliced along their length (L=Longitudinal), as well as across their diameter (T=Transverse)</div>
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(1000X, Periodic Acid Schiff, Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMBnk9BwOMfXUQSeKeVhp_FQiHmOIcruKjIPwr03h8nHfQe4DynsqdgTlBkEjSYlt-qdSrSugHTnbKSyc-Nr4D5W8Rxs4OG-K2vaArABCUq1CTHkpLhfi6H55no8Ap8FCp4mcUc963M6s/s1600/22-+Fungus_tissue+GMS+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMBnk9BwOMfXUQSeKeVhp_FQiHmOIcruKjIPwr03h8nHfQe4DynsqdgTlBkEjSYlt-qdSrSugHTnbKSyc-Nr4D5W8Rxs4OG-K2vaArABCUq1CTHkpLhfi6H55no8Ap8FCp4mcUc963M6s/s400/22-+Fungus_tissue+GMS+1000X.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
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Fungal elements seen in this histological specimen appear black against the green counterstain.</div>
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(1000X, Gomori Silver Stain, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhosc0Y1zHnJdfQqhFQfMJRNEtvheAlhuCzT3gAYAhoUZd7HQHmyiVKAPhxwDiOgwnCsDNMIGznDNMy1XgQl5pUC7396_Bm_HgWMCspLARfIZfpftjTxyfXH-c0OS1_MKGJF3rmj2t6R0k/s1600/23-+Fungus_tissue+GMS+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhosc0Y1zHnJdfQqhFQfMJRNEtvheAlhuCzT3gAYAhoUZd7HQHmyiVKAPhxwDiOgwnCsDNMIGznDNMy1XgQl5pUC7396_Bm_HgWMCspLARfIZfpftjTxyfXH-c0OS1_MKGJF3rmj2t6R0k/s400/23-+Fungus_tissue+GMS+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Another tissue sample with fungal elements as above.</div>
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(1000X, GMS, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIsitvyH1GVHeHpa3WkAQLRnAxmIvNZu05uu6vibfJv_4KklR9jOkRbWteTGBPPDpM85jnOoTBEo5wncranneCqO2XZhk2qC_w_ecaJnHs1tiFlx4qhaVSiW3df8QGv2g6pcXYnrqCXYI/s1600/24-+Crypto_neoformans_Blood_Culture+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIsitvyH1GVHeHpa3WkAQLRnAxmIvNZu05uu6vibfJv_4KklR9jOkRbWteTGBPPDpM85jnOoTBEo5wncranneCqO2XZhk2qC_w_ecaJnHs1tiFlx4qhaVSiW3df8QGv2g6pcXYnrqCXYI/s400/24-+Crypto_neoformans_Blood_Culture+1000X.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
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<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> in a blood culture. This direct stain shows the large capsule which surrounds the yeast cell of <i>C.neoformans</i>.</div>
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(1000X, Gram Stain, Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg89IbbBk_ptAFBsJB86-9f9rPa6xwJxxtBorylaEGxhyphenhyphenGBB8lNlAGcoTcOY0M4xiAvVn97OOQCDEs4GobRgzIIDLIVGnd-S_oVWKRE0LScFDYCjD11yTQpXbN88S9wJeJvCDsnG3Rq75s/s1600/25-+Crypto_neoformans_Blood_Culture+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg89IbbBk_ptAFBsJB86-9f9rPa6xwJxxtBorylaEGxhyphenhyphenGBB8lNlAGcoTcOY0M4xiAvVn97OOQCDEs4GobRgzIIDLIVGnd-S_oVWKRE0LScFDYCjD11yTQpXbN88S9wJeJvCDsnG3Rq75s/s400/25-+Crypto_neoformans_Blood_Culture+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> again in the blood culture as above. Again, material surrounding the yeast cell clearly shows the capsule that surrounds the organism.</div>
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(1000X, Gram Stain, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>* * *</b></span></span></div>
Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-69394253629914333752015-11-29T10:11:00.001-05:002015-11-29T10:16:33.082-05:00Stachybotrys species<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Stachybotrys</i></b><b> species</b></span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ecology:</span></b></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Stachybotrys</i> is
a common cosmopolitan saprobe (lives on decaying vegetative material) which can
be found in soil.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is frequently found
in the indoor environment, particularly in damp areas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anyone who has removed water damaged
wallpaper or lifted soggy cardboard boxes and found black discolouration on the
material, may very well have encountered <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Stachybotrys</i>
mould.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It seems to particularly like to
feast on the glues used in wallpaper and paper tape adhesives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That powdery black residue on water damaged
books may also yield <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Stachybotrys</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Stachybotrys</i>
may contain up to fifty species though I suspect this is under review using
molecular methods.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pathogenicity:</span></b></span></div>
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Stachybotrys has long been considered as non-pathogenic
to humans or animals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More recently,
evidence has been gathering that, although not a source of topical or
systematic infection, the mould may be responsible for toxicosis following
inhalation of the spores.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;"> has been suspected as a cause of
acute idiopathic pulmonary haemorrhage in infants, but its complete relation to
human diseases is not yet fully understood.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">The
fungus has also been implicated in what has been termed ‘sick building
syndrome’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Buildings which have an
overall moisture problem, or those that have had been damaged by flood waters
may be prone to extensive <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Stachybotrys</i>
(and other) fungal invasion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wall
coverings, ceiling tiles, and gypsum (sheet rock) wall boards and jute
floorcoverings may all be contaminated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Unless extensive renovations are undertaken, occupants may develop</span>
fatigue, headaches, chest tightness, mucous membrane irritation and pulmonary
disease as a result of the fungal infestation.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-CA;">Animals
and horses in particular, may develop, what has been termed
stachybotryotoxicosis after ingestion of feed (hay, etc.) heavily contaminated
with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Stachybotrys chartarum</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is characterized as an </span>irritation
of the mouth, throat, and nose which may lead to dermal necrosis and possible
shock.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Stachybotrys chartarum</i> is known to produce a variety of toxins;
macrocytic trichothecenes and related trichoverroids: roridin E and L-2;
satratoxins F, G, and H; isosatratoxins F, G, and H; verrucarins B and J; and
the trichoverroids, trichoverrols A and B and trichoverrins A and B.</div>
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<br /></div>
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According to the Center for Disease Control and
Prevention, "The term 'toxic mould' is not accurate. While certain moulds
are toxigenic, meaning they can produce toxins (specifically mycotoxins), the
moulds themselves are not toxic, or poisonous.</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Macroscopic Morphology:</span></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Note: Sadly I have no photos of <i>Stachybotrys</i> colonies to share with the reader. A colleague provided swabs from blackened areas on damp washroom wallboard during a renovation. Days later, a quick adhesive tape mount of preliminary growth revealed the<i> Stachybotrys</i> posted below. Unfortunately it was quickly overgrown by other moulds present in the same sample and at a particularly busy time in the lab, I could not devote more time to its isolation. My hope was to obtain the mould from some other source at a more convenient time, which sadly, never came. 'Google Images' brings up a number of images of both the colonies on mycological media as well as 'in-situ' -on walls etc. Permissions could not be obtained to link to the photo which I felt best represented this mould's growth.</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<i>Stachybotrys</i> exhibits rapid growth, maturing in three to four days. It has a powdery to cottony texture.<br />
<br />
The surface colouration is initially white but quickly
becomes <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>black but may also exhibit pink
or orange on the surface depending on the growth medium and species.<br />
<br />
The reverse is also dark brown or black<br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Microscopic Morphology:</span></b></span></div>
<br />
<i>Stachybotrys</i> has hyphae which are septate and hyaline when young but may darken
with maturity.<br />
<br />
<br />
Conidiophores may also be hyaline or may develop an
olivaceous or dark pigmentation. The conidiophores may be septate, simple or branched. Conidiophores may show a rough-wall texture,
particularly at the upper part, near the phialides.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Phialides (9-14 µm in length) may be hyaline, olivaceous to black in colour. They are ellipsoidal in shape and form in groups of
3 to 10 at the apex of the conidiophore
<br />
Phialides produce conidia singly and successively into a
slime droplet that covers the phialides.<br />
<br />
<br />
The conidia are 7 to 12 by 4 to 6 µm, black, unicellular, ellipsoidal
in shape and smooth to rough-walled. Conidia are borne in slimy masses at the apices of the
phialides.
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisPQD8dqpdWVzBXkMPtg7pyRx4UR_Rzo0ebvRuqqmsLlG3BAvpXFfhupYHIOJ07RnMGaszmvgrO7PrBFUuZJNLkSPPEhCm_cafxheIfXDD4vdojbk_zznoRMlYJsfnGBm-UZQInkPhLmM/s1600/01-+Stachybotrys_sp+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisPQD8dqpdWVzBXkMPtg7pyRx4UR_Rzo0ebvRuqqmsLlG3BAvpXFfhupYHIOJ07RnMGaszmvgrO7PrBFUuZJNLkSPPEhCm_cafxheIfXDD4vdojbk_zznoRMlYJsfnGBm-UZQInkPhLmM/s400/01-+Stachybotrys_sp+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i>Stachybotrys</i> species -phialides are 9-14 µm in length and are borne in slimy masses at the apices of the
phialides.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>) </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxp-OZkNrg1oPSPGM8_yIQbN6kJpLjDoLjZWHG5CF20URnkkz_t6wBOb2Q67SJzSq3XGpudQ149qyjBLecyQIHrzY-kbYwfUGQBxjEIs_tFaMYioIVDKWV8xLUpjfqCaMeT8saMK_XUcY/s1600/02-+Stachybotrys_sp+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxp-OZkNrg1oPSPGM8_yIQbN6kJpLjDoLjZWHG5CF20URnkkz_t6wBOb2Q67SJzSq3XGpudQ149qyjBLecyQIHrzY-kbYwfUGQBxjEIs_tFaMYioIVDKWV8xLUpjfqCaMeT8saMK_XUcY/s400/02-+Stachybotrys_sp+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i>Stachybotrys</i> species -phialides are ellipsoidal in shape and form in groups of
3 to 10 at the apex of the conidiophore. The phialides are 9-14 µm in length.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108) </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmkbr3rUhvaNCGNUrSAkt3B2vhOy1Hvoc_zmEexP3uNmf5lNo25FGXN-V9faGqU9OScukeIC-P2e0XH3dBaDKrPvla1gCqv1d5oP4EVeuTplcE_0U81_KFxiAZKWHgPwYGjJSefTmInqU/s1600/03-+Stachybotrys_sp+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmkbr3rUhvaNCGNUrSAkt3B2vhOy1Hvoc_zmEexP3uNmf5lNo25FGXN-V9faGqU9OScukeIC-P2e0XH3dBaDKrPvla1gCqv1d5oP4EVeuTplcE_0U81_KFxiAZKWHgPwYGjJSefTmInqU/s400/03-+Stachybotrys_sp+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Stachybotrys</i> species -conidiophores may show a rough-wall texture,
particularly at the upper part, near the phialides.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>) </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4_4P3hFsPy3X41PJnl6ODy3DonzjjLrRqt4bE41JkiDqXT_ncbeZpkCI0owGFyp4qDNYP8NoC5Fcy5Hq1QOdARIo4QKHqASQqhB_gZRXZ3uvwMhF2jKwAO1DcaNR4Wkc9q5aOCtzgPQM/s1600/04-+Stachybotrys_sp+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4_4P3hFsPy3X41PJnl6ODy3DonzjjLrRqt4bE41JkiDqXT_ncbeZpkCI0owGFyp4qDNYP8NoC5Fcy5Hq1QOdARIo4QKHqASQqhB_gZRXZ3uvwMhF2jKwAO1DcaNR4Wkc9q5aOCtzgPQM/s400/04-+Stachybotrys_sp+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stachybotrys</i> species - conidiophores may be septate, simple or branched. Here both septation and branching are clearly visible.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108) </div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcoI11t2eWFWjY38FR6tYGvtVhhr6clKUtv5Pw3Nyh29ZgfUyAugUf9rLkZ7hwcShaZgZOMh7Q2-_T2O8aMPWJ7uGpXrjYG4HMo4a3bERKJ7-PluZBubU_b-ShrxlPYPaNqduPhjUyVHY/s1600/05--+Stachyobotrys_sp+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcoI11t2eWFWjY38FR6tYGvtVhhr6clKUtv5Pw3Nyh29ZgfUyAugUf9rLkZ7hwcShaZgZOMh7Q2-_T2O8aMPWJ7uGpXrjYG4HMo4a3bERKJ7-PluZBubU_b-ShrxlPYPaNqduPhjUyVHY/s400/05--+Stachyobotrys_sp+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i>Stachybotrys</i> species -conidia are 7 to 12 by 4 to 6 µm, black, unicellular, ellipsoidal
in shape and smooth to rough-walled. In this photo the slimy mass of conidia have been disrupted.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>) </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_r23AcE3XGI9HapyNQIH7IKy5jPXdzQ2Cui0B5LXMUcUs863xa0nRBPrTtzuySWwIHD8MOopfAy-yK7p3pnao-qz7_kWkjNiiBKZ1bD9DwDIYKOaJROu9MH5TTE8QScVWOu-7ZB4Odvk/s1600/06-+Stachybotrys_sp+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_r23AcE3XGI9HapyNQIH7IKy5jPXdzQ2Cui0B5LXMUcUs863xa0nRBPrTtzuySWwIHD8MOopfAy-yK7p3pnao-qz7_kWkjNiiBKZ1bD9DwDIYKOaJROu9MH5TTE8QScVWOu-7ZB4Odvk/s400/06-+Stachybotrys_sp+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Stachybotrys</i> species -This photo again shows a disrupted mass of ellipsoidal conidia. The dark pigmentation obliterated fine detail. Rough texture on the upper portion of the phialide is evident.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108) </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE8bVbRS1hIB3S6tvEFaK8lc6v0ANxsjyf21khCOb68nb0E9zEsmFeHT5pg46_wm-8-kYnjHQ1YE98fQFueX3kZBIVVOLCUCenKxpRbIPN4pAzZVOhBascaRv_FCtLgIIsSH5oV2lbQTs/s1600/07-+Stachybotrys_sp+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE8bVbRS1hIB3S6tvEFaK8lc6v0ANxsjyf21khCOb68nb0E9zEsmFeHT5pg46_wm-8-kYnjHQ1YE98fQFueX3kZBIVVOLCUCenKxpRbIPN4pAzZVOhBascaRv_FCtLgIIsSH5oV2lbQTs/s400/07-+Stachybotrys_sp+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i>Stachybotrys</i> species -conidiophores may also be hyaline or may develop an
olivaceous or dark pigmentation. (1000X, LPCB, DMD-108) </div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJWNoERB7x9ey3vYELfajA5hcMKhM7hgHIeDt_PiHZdiDBX6c6T1V1RuGwdv4nhjQzh6AaEkULV8NEg-yW7m_sA7Z1mmEYD5RNyhaE2oIrGB9s0Eo4CpCaLsZl30cCAhFzouASWXDooS8/s1600/08-+Stachybotrys_sp+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJWNoERB7x9ey3vYELfajA5hcMKhM7hgHIeDt_PiHZdiDBX6c6T1V1RuGwdv4nhjQzh6AaEkULV8NEg-yW7m_sA7Z1mmEYD5RNyhaE2oIrGB9s0Eo4CpCaLsZl30cCAhFzouASWXDooS8/s400/08-+Stachybotrys_sp+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Stachybotrys</i> species -hyphae are septate and hyaline when young but may darken
with maturity.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>) </div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Notes:</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Stachybotrys</i> is
highly cellulolytic which is why it enjoys growing on the various substrates
already mentioned.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It grows quite readily
in materials low in nitrogen.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Stachybotrys </i>differs
from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Memnoniella</i> by not producing
conidia in chains</div>
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While both the above genera are environmental
contaminants, they are seldom isolated in the clinical laboratory.</div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Stachybotrys</i>
grows well at 37ᵒC</div>
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<br /></div>
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One method of isolating or recovering <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Stachybotrys</i> is to streak suspected
conidia from the source onto dampened filter paper (eg. Whatman).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Incubate the paper at 25 to 30ᵒC for about a
week and look for dark patches.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Transfer
any growth to Sabouraud Dextrose Agar or Corn Meal Agar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some sources claim that the fungus grows
better on less nutritious media and this feature may assist in isolating it
from more fastidious, yet fast growing fungi.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><i><b>Return to Top (Most Recent Posts)</b></i></span></a> </div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>* * * </b></span></span></div>
Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-15484878026320612272015-11-28T11:30:00.001-05:002015-11-28T12:09:03.527-05:00Saksenaea vasiformis complex<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Saksenaea vasiformis </span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">complex</span></b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">- Zygomycete</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Note:</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>I had been debating with myself whether
to post this organism at all as I have so few photos to share.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The photos I am posting show only the most
basic characteristic features that would clue you in that this is a Zygomycete.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Still, it may be of interest to some….and,
what else am I going to do with the photos?</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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Until recently, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saksenaea
vasiformis</i> was recognized as the sole species within this genus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Currently, three species are recognized<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a>
and can be differentiated by genetic, morphological and physiological
characteristics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now recognized are; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">S. vasiformis</i> which produces mainly
cylindrical sporagniospores with rounded ends, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">S. erythrospora</i> which has large sporangiophores and sporangia,
which produce biconcave ellipsoidal sporangiospores, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">S. oblongiaspora</i>, characterized by oblong sporangiospores and its
failure to grow at 42ᵒC.</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ecology:</span></b></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saksenaea</i>
species can be found worldwide, having been isolated from soils in India,
Brazil, Panama, Honduras, as well as the United States.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pathology:</span></b></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Though found worldwide, </span>Infections
occur most commonly in tropical and sub-tropical climates.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saksenaea</i>
species have been implicated in both human and animal disease.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unlike many of the emerging fungal diseases, it
appears that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saksenaea</i> infects
immunocompetent hosts more readily than those with underlying, and usually predisposing
conditions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The most common mode of
infection is through some traumatic implantation of material containing the
sporangiospores though the respiratory tract may be the route of infection with
disseminated infections.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Clinical
symptoms and presentation can be quite varied –from a slow, localized invasion
to rapidly spreading disseminated infection.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The spectrum of infections described in the literature range from skin
and soft tissue infection to bone (osteomyelitis) and rhino-orbito-cerebral
involvement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Skin and soft tissue
infections may present with necrotizing fasciitis or cellulitis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While infections remain localized, they may respond
to a combination of necrotic tissue debridement and aggressive antifungal
therapy, otherwise amputation may be the only recourse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Overall the mortality rate as a result of
infection is about 40%<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Disseminated infections have a significantly
higher associated mortality rate of about 75%, while rhino-orbito-cerebral
infections have an estimated mortality rate of 83% based on published reports.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thankfully, infections with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saksenaea</i> species remain relatively
uncommon.</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b><i>Saksenaea</i></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> species characteristics (in general) follow</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Macroscopic Morphology:</span></b></span></div>
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A rapidly expanding fluffy, spider-like colony on
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar incubated at 30ᵒC.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The growth may fill the Petrie dish within 48 hours.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It may be a “lid-lifter” and growth attempt
to escape through poorly sealed plates after 72 plus hours.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The colony appears off-white to greyish in
colour.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCl1gsmer9rl1xL0zTMBHQF1czIdwRCwzj3TX391IhVOs7iPt5kCiHd-ntoSFMVAzx9A_3CprzDJtlfEc3ohGqY_uBM3HGLCDR2JQa5BxpGtfj493o0U_IcW-amSfDcWDD7Yg-7lnjcFo/s1600/01-+Saksenaea+species+SAB+48+hrs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="395" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCl1gsmer9rl1xL0zTMBHQF1czIdwRCwzj3TX391IhVOs7iPt5kCiHd-ntoSFMVAzx9A_3CprzDJtlfEc3ohGqY_uBM3HGLCDR2JQa5BxpGtfj493o0U_IcW-amSfDcWDD7Yg-7lnjcFo/s400/01-+Saksenaea+species+SAB+48+hrs.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Saksenaea</i> species - 48 hours growth on SAB (or SDA) at 30ᵒC (<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA4AfySmsTZWpue6B36unGE3Dy1gVpCmQe-DUM13SUMJrlGaDE7pq1f6akbtzQjZfk0sn4xAlk8sAzz5uk6S-zHjCPIURsSaAr3YM4ERs7o_92gHrsBL8Ih7uXXCq8LNY2gKwechgXTB4/s1600/02-+Saksenaea+species+SAB+48hrs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA4AfySmsTZWpue6B36unGE3Dy1gVpCmQe-DUM13SUMJrlGaDE7pq1f6akbtzQjZfk0sn4xAlk8sAzz5uk6S-zHjCPIURsSaAr3YM4ERs7o_92gHrsBL8Ih7uXXCq8LNY2gKwechgXTB4/s400/02-+Saksenaea+species+SAB+48hrs.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Saksenaea</i> species -as above, but an oblique view (Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg12lhsBvpbrvzaP75BwpdEEuBaUpCqNA_aGMtqHWUYMK-BuVyCUuhfz3hZ4n5WILc7SM-rIwDkgmcUpie4LJa8kkiaV8bsiv13OTBzc-LL-cuRzMfMCEnJ7RTMd548LINva6X-vOwAJwU/s1600/03-+Saksenaea+species+SAB+4+Days.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg12lhsBvpbrvzaP75BwpdEEuBaUpCqNA_aGMtqHWUYMK-BuVyCUuhfz3hZ4n5WILc7SM-rIwDkgmcUpie4LJa8kkiaV8bsiv13OTBzc-LL-cuRzMfMCEnJ7RTMd548LINva6X-vOwAJwU/s400/03-+Saksenaea+species+SAB+4+Days.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Saksenaea</i> species - 4 days growth on SAB (or SDA) at 30ᵒC (Nikon) </div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Microscopic Morphology:</span></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKRYVoStlAUJyna15jc4WiW4G_CS5NVTgTkdwlfdiceS1n_jGm84yZ-YUyJr_dwxTjxGxwWPdiazG8yW5wBtbap8g6NQGsCUjM3cG1UQdMCWD43dbbVUJCmf3v59bOpWxG4kL5cdoCBks/s1600/04-+Saksenaea_+4d+SAB+%2528Rev%2529.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKRYVoStlAUJyna15jc4WiW4G_CS5NVTgTkdwlfdiceS1n_jGm84yZ-YUyJr_dwxTjxGxwWPdiazG8yW5wBtbap8g6NQGsCUjM3cG1UQdMCWD43dbbVUJCmf3v59bOpWxG4kL5cdoCBks/s200/04-+Saksenaea_+4d+SAB+%2528Rev%2529.jpg" width="172" /></a><i>Saksenaea</i> produces broad hyaline, mostly aseptate,
hyphae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Simple and unbranched sporangiophores
(24 – 64 µm in length), develop a flask-shaped sporangium (50 – 150 µm in
length).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The base of the sporangium
above the hemispherical collumella is rather broad or swollen in appearance but
narrows down into a long neck towards the apex.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Smooth walled sporangiospores (1.5 – 2.0 X 3 – 4 µm) vary in shape
depending on the species as described above in ‘Notes’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When mature, the sporangiospores are released
through the top of the sporangiophore.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Dichotomously branching rhizoids develop at the base of the
sporangiophore.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If this Zygomycete has
produced its typical fruiting structure (sporangium), the overall structure of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saksenaea</i> is unique and easy to
identify.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><u>But there lies the problem…</u></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Problems:</span></b></span></div>
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It is rather difficult to induce <i>Saksenaea</i> to induce
produce fruiting structures and subsequent sporulation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let’s back up a bit…</div>
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If you get a rapidly growing, fluffy colony which
produces broad (wide) hyphae, there is a good chance you have a
Zygomycete.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you place the mould on
relatively rich mycological media, such as Sabouraud Dextrose Agar or Potato
Dextrose Agar, and don’t get fruiting structures produced, you may have either
a<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Saksenaea</i> species or<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2015/05/apophysomyces-elegans-complex.html" target="_blank"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apophysomyces</i></a> species.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both are notoriously suborn when it comes to inducing
sporulation on richer mycological media.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Media such as Czapek agar may produce better results.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If this fails and you have lots of patience,
you can try the agar block – sterile water technique as outlined by Padhye
& Ajello<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_edn3" name="_ednref3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[iii]</span></span></span></span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While the experienced mycologist may be able
to tell <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apophysomyces</i> from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saksenaea</i> without inducing sporulation,
it is valuable in further speciation when not resorting to other means of
identification such as molecular.</div>
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Although I attempted the agar –sterile water technique
described by Padhye & Ajello, I was not successful in inducing sporulation
and therefore the distinctive flask-like sporangium was not produced, nor the
spores within.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Features not produced
cannot be photographed and I regret that I am unable to share them with you.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As I work in a clinical laboratory, we carry
only basic media and time is limited –I regret that I could not continue to
pursue this challenge.</div>
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Because the organism could not be induced to produce its
fruiting structures and sporangiospores, it was impossible to use these
morphological structures to determine the specific identification of this
<i>Saksenaea</i> species.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7Gf2KH-v4mXKv15Ycst97KDmMejqY7hmaBXxXSScXAucg-RXOWY7BQ5f7x6G0nTkIKZwIcHeUlgxm-5fhwP4eydo_42TpgWiWlllS-S_8B-AMBs8ozWmXW8V2K-ak4I5uSByvcLqJzvQ/s1600/05-+Saksenaea_species+400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7Gf2KH-v4mXKv15Ycst97KDmMejqY7hmaBXxXSScXAucg-RXOWY7BQ5f7x6G0nTkIKZwIcHeUlgxm-5fhwP4eydo_42TpgWiWlllS-S_8B-AMBs8ozWmXW8V2K-ak4I5uSByvcLqJzvQ/s400/05-+Saksenaea_species+400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Saksenaea</i> species - so here is about all I could get. The photo above shows the sporangiophore with the hemispherical shaped collumella at the apex (top). From the inset photo you can see what the fungus would look like had it produced (or retained) the flask-like sporangium.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>) </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="background-color: black;"><b>Important: For the first time ever, I have posted a photo on this blog site which I have not personally taken. I felt that I could not post the photos I had without showing what the mature and fully intact <i>Saksenaea</i> looked like. The<u> inset photo</u> is shown here by the kind permission of Dr. David Ellis of the <a href="http://www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au/" target="_blank">University of Adelaide's Mycology Website</a>. My photos are free to share, however I request that this photo not be shared as the inset photo is the property of Dr. Ellis.</b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="background-color: black;"><b><span style="background-color: black;"></span><br /></b></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBVW7ZKtjZ8bI0FLy23unwzvTlHwXO4h9fyvYXhK5gu1ANJeZDDeaVU7uDXWLdGugehXgqHLU4d6WLpaaViuMYlfuUk59d3s9XSWq0U_9LhBxSGWzwsHChCO3UF0OxKF5tnO7BOJfM_vQ/s1600/06-+Saksenaea+line+Drawing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBVW7ZKtjZ8bI0FLy23unwzvTlHwXO4h9fyvYXhK5gu1ANJeZDDeaVU7uDXWLdGugehXgqHLU4d6WLpaaViuMYlfuUk59d3s9XSWq0U_9LhBxSGWzwsHChCO3UF0OxKF5tnO7BOJfM_vQ/s400/06-+Saksenaea+line+Drawing.jpg" width="330" /></a></div>
<span style="background-color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="background-color: black;"><i>Saksenaea</i> species - line drawing of structures discussed</span><b><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></b></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKEu0GcAMXT0X3wZG95cZPHYzDL6F-2959cvivoqCrsZDL5yzHJSWN3UgL0zhTg_TEMazPNn3jimBKYbCqyuzMRjcXlUc5f2tnZu9ABRQpsO1I9HxwiSLrQjpzJ9rPeDk5Ak521-FJ9Kc/s1600/07-+Saksenaea_species_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKEu0GcAMXT0X3wZG95cZPHYzDL6F-2959cvivoqCrsZDL5yzHJSWN3UgL0zhTg_TEMazPNn3jimBKYbCqyuzMRjcXlUc5f2tnZu9ABRQpsO1I9HxwiSLrQjpzJ9rPeDk5Ak521-FJ9Kc/s400/07-+Saksenaea_species_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: black;"> <i>Saksenaea</i> species - again we see the hemispherically shaped collumella at the apex of the sporangiophore (arrows). Sporangium and sporangiospores are absent.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: black;">(400X, LPCB, DMD-108) </span><br />
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMftmyW4_d9wwBrkhlDKSN7ak75Ms-HbKU0q477L3yqBdXt6zABusGW99Jx76YMnJ-FX8G6hiOWWmmEU32O1-PBw6c5WzQmRsiAJXakZNar74YM6UzR23_1SW1yk1XG2r2jRejegpd3B8/s1600/08-+Saksenaea_species_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMftmyW4_d9wwBrkhlDKSN7ak75Ms-HbKU0q477L3yqBdXt6zABusGW99Jx76YMnJ-FX8G6hiOWWmmEU32O1-PBw6c5WzQmRsiAJXakZNar74YM6UzR23_1SW1yk1XG2r2jRejegpd3B8/s400/08-+Saksenaea_species_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: black;"> <i>Saksenaea</i> species - as above</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: black;">(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEjGkq7mC8KALp4E5UtjZGQQCA9bq2GX954d2kWgtE0vU5NAKcWmatcw9FYiGxNwLjd25Vo78i-7O4tzFjV9E7oV77znTisj3PCqaCsXKD3ZXw0D6ZQ3ssyNrp71bFaaWxAZN601lIoso/s1600/09-+Saksenae+species+5d++C+400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEjGkq7mC8KALp4E5UtjZGQQCA9bq2GX954d2kWgtE0vU5NAKcWmatcw9FYiGxNwLjd25Vo78i-7O4tzFjV9E7oV77znTisj3PCqaCsXKD3ZXw0D6ZQ3ssyNrp71bFaaWxAZN601lIoso/s400/09-+Saksenae+species+5d++C+400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Saksenaea</i> species - ditto</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwsGG0UmYXB-oH7SoXoEDC58jNLz950Yp5D3Tm_WMD0DT07U-dEtef87eaAiaXTJhDCxq3Q9k9mwl58xRqGSwcylgxst6zFZUX1WcmH5lTT4hHaXfRbaLkS4eWimao_dbP92qRDasDcoM/s1600/10-+S_species_C+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwsGG0UmYXB-oH7SoXoEDC58jNLz950Yp5D3Tm_WMD0DT07U-dEtef87eaAiaXTJhDCxq3Q9k9mwl58xRqGSwcylgxst6zFZUX1WcmH5lTT4hHaXfRbaLkS4eWimao_dbP92qRDasDcoM/s400/10-+S_species_C+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Saksenaea</i> species - a clue that this is a zygomycete is the broad, almost aseptate hyphae that the mould produces. The measurement seen within the large hyphae running through the photo reads 24.22 µm -that is wide!<br />
(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjT9QQstsr8wnLXcUClU1BcO5E8K8izCVSStr-uyMRzzFBJb_Nr78wlYgsAnrYxg44gcVRFGmA8DKGRTvarQ5_iZtr_8Gr4jV31gA94DuJ7J79-eh_HLa9EWX_hPQrb8INOh706djECbm4/s1600/12-+Sakseaea_species_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjT9QQstsr8wnLXcUClU1BcO5E8K8izCVSStr-uyMRzzFBJb_Nr78wlYgsAnrYxg44gcVRFGmA8DKGRTvarQ5_iZtr_8Gr4jV31gA94DuJ7J79-eh_HLa9EWX_hPQrb8INOh706djECbm4/s400/12-+Sakseaea_species_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Saksenaea</i> species - a close look at the hyphae in the previous photo. Note that there is the septation at the center of the photo. (1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm6CBX8DBZOmH0DOyXUQI0NvK5u9tFqAZwQxWs4b7jHxxeTQX8queKMGnwWLBEhZTerijxJQm9WMU01pYnRE-jWlA68UsZSWbcEzH9SuZT8Amplmzc6X2eWR0F26sFl7IuRmhvdxPNrCU/s1600/13-+Saksenaea_species_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm6CBX8DBZOmH0DOyXUQI0NvK5u9tFqAZwQxWs4b7jHxxeTQX8queKMGnwWLBEhZTerijxJQm9WMU01pYnRE-jWlA68UsZSWbcEzH9SuZT8Amplmzc6X2eWR0F26sFl7IuRmhvdxPNrCU/s400/13-+Saksenaea_species_1000X.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
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<i>Saksenaea</i> species - for the most part, the growth that I obtained, whether by slide culture or adhesive tape technique, appeared as above - just a tangled myceleum with no reproductive fruiting structures. (400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;">So there you have it - the best I could do with the time and resources I had at hand.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><b><span style="background-color: black;"></span> </b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #8e7cc3;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a>Molecular
phylogeny and proposal of two new species of the emerging pathogenic fungus <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saksenaea</i> </div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
Alvarez, E, Garcia-Hermoso, D, Sutton, DA, Cano, JF,
Stchigel, AM. Hoinard, D, Fothergill, AW, Rinaldi, MG, Dromer, F, Guarro,
J.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Microbiol 2010;48 (12):4410-16</div>
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</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></a>
Mucormycosis caused by unusual mucormycetes, non-<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rhizopu</i>s, -<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Muco</i>r, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lichtheimia</i> species</div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
Gomes, MX, Lewis, RE, Kontoyiannis, DP, Clin Microbiol
Rev. 2011; 24(2):411-445</div>
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<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="edn3" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_ednref3" name="_edn3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[iii]</span></span></span></span></a> Simple
Method of Inducing Sporulation in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apophysomyces
elegans</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saksenaea vasiformis</i></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
Arvind A. Padhye and Libero Ajello; Journ Clin Micro,
Sept 1988; 1861 - 63</div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #674ea7;">* * * </span></b></span></div>
</div>
</div>
Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-27484929936947961722015-10-26T20:24:00.003-04:002016-01-28T12:48:56.982-05:00Harriet the Hitch-hiker<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><b>January 28th, 2016:</b> The case of ‘Harriet the Hitch-hiker has been solved!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The culprit in this case was a common house
dust mite, most likely <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dermatophagoides farina.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">I spoke with a former colleague the other day who informed
me that months after I left, there seemed to be a ‘bug’ infestation in the mycology
lab.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A few parafilm-sealed plates left
at room temperature appeared to show surface movement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When placed under a plate microscope, tiny
creatures could be seen chomping away at the fungal growth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As my colleague put it “it looked just like
tiny buffalo eating grass on the high plains!”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDqaHuQT0zqXX41Ps7iEbNGzF-UX8KPj6BDKZfgemTsQdTE-Ck13H4FBHpiPZoDed7YR-SNdm60Tfrj1ZXQ2ebR9VPmkke80lYZc1hJ2qPs4itkc0huxGBIPueIXPybimTRWeNZwcWfp8/s1600/Dust+Mite.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDqaHuQT0zqXX41Ps7iEbNGzF-UX8KPj6BDKZfgemTsQdTE-Ck13H4FBHpiPZoDed7YR-SNdm60Tfrj1ZXQ2ebR9VPmkke80lYZc1hJ2qPs4itkc0huxGBIPueIXPybimTRWeNZwcWfp8/s200/Dust+Mite.jpg" width="171" /></a><span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">So where did they come from?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Well, they are considered ‘common’ dust mites and so they may have blown
in from the hospital environment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Hospital beds are full of patients, shedding skin and while proper
laundering of bedding and other fomites should destroy these critters, the
contents <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and mites may be shaken off in
the process.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They may have been brought
into the lab by the cleaning staff or by laboratory staff such as myself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They may have come from specimens sent from
other labs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Somehow I was lucky enough
to find the very first one most likely caught on the adhesive tape roll that I
used to make a mount of the proficiency testing sample.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">Well, the completed isolates were quickly discarded.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>New specimens were temporarily sent to the
Provincial Reference Laboratory for workup and the Mycology laboratory was
scrubbed down with disinfectant from top to bottom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The problem has been solved</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">It was news to me that mites eat fungi but just Google ‘fungi
eating mites’ and you’ll get a number of references and even a YouTube video
for those who want to see these mites in action.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><b><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Just a few
Notes:</span></span></span></b></span></div>
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">Mites are eight-legged, sightless arthropods that live on
skin scales and other debris.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The most
common house dust mites are:</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dermatophagoides
pteronyssinus</i> –known as the European dust mite</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dermatophagoides farina</i>
–known as the American dust mite</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">The common names may be misleading as neither species is
restricted to the location in their name.</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Euroglyphus maynei</i>
- is a third species of dust mite, however, because of the high water content
of this organism, it prefers more humid environments to replenish itself.</span></span></div>
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">Once source<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a>
suggests that fungi are an essential component of the dust mite’s life
cycle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Though not fully understood, it
may be that the fungi utilize some of the same nutrients or assist in breaking
them down so they may be consumed by the dust mites.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This sounds more like a symbiotic
relationship rather than the mites consuming the fungi (fungivore).</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"> </span></div>
<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;">
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="http://www.situbiosciences.com/dust-mites-love-fungi/">http://www.situbiosciences.com/dust-mites-love-fungi/</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;">Another souce;</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;">Featured Creatures –University of Florida</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><a href="http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/urban/house_dust_mite.htm">http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/urban/house_dust_mite.htm</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
So the laboratory proficiency mycology specimens arrive
in the lab and I eagerly have a first look at the direct, teased out,
samples.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One specimen is labeled as
having been taken from the scalp so I suspect the sample may possibly contain a
dermatophyte.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Carefully scanning at low
power, I search for any tell-tale clues which may provide a ‘head-start’ <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(no pun intended).</i> Then, I see something
unexpected.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hey! What’s this?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What are you doing here?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where did you come from?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That specimen from the scalp has brought
along a hitch-hiker.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So who are you
anyways?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Follicle Fred? Afro Al?
Blow-Dried Billy-Bob?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hmmm, Hairy
Harrison? <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(Hairy Harry to be less formal)</i>.....but
wait….what do we have here?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eggs!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That’s not Harry the hitch-hiker….it’s <u>Harriet</u>
the hitch-hiker!<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
I suppose it was an unintended addition, but our mould
sample from the scalp, also contained a tick(?) of some sort.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The specimen donor has more problems than
just a possible dermatophyte!<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
‘Googling’ ticks brought up the ‘mug shots’ of a number
of possible suspects, however, I’ll leave it up to some entomologist out there
to positively identify my freeloader and replace the alias with a proper name.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Below are Hitch-hiking Harriet’s mug shots to add to the unsavory
lot of ticks, lice and louses imprisoned in cyberspace.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sorry, she wouldn’t
turn for me to get a profile photo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No
smile either! One tough character!</div>
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<br /></div>
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Lactophenol Cotton Blue is the background stain as I was looking for moulds in this preparation. </div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_kI7sfIjXRXCymbVEUjeebLjmV3cgLvE_AGkxQcjxM_84mZo-KvsGd4_7DYTM2bmB3lZjvAOLTtbsrVsFTJgTWJitz61b8pxeDCNPN2PS6D23KEx0dAVm9JTgeF4N0sfTOVbSGysq6sw/s1600/01-+Tick.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_kI7sfIjXRXCymbVEUjeebLjmV3cgLvE_AGkxQcjxM_84mZo-KvsGd4_7DYTM2bmB3lZjvAOLTtbsrVsFTJgTWJitz61b8pxeDCNPN2PS6D23KEx0dAVm9JTgeF4N0sfTOVbSGysq6sw/s400/01-+Tick.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Harriet, my unknown scalp tick which hitch-hiked along on a scalp mycology specimen.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(Didn't keep detailed notes on this one. X100, I believe -<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdanUVjXy_f1dOKeTPbP3VDijzhWT0YSRPGbGFoy8ewJfsyOBDdxkPV0oCHJqttantoyElQPHmCuhygBzISiCxO1wLqtXQKrYvL4jDprYR6olmvtbyFJDzepAQB7j1rZVEUA4mDv6VYas/s1600/02-+Tick.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdanUVjXy_f1dOKeTPbP3VDijzhWT0YSRPGbGFoy8ewJfsyOBDdxkPV0oCHJqttantoyElQPHmCuhygBzISiCxO1wLqtXQKrYvL4jDprYR6olmvtbyFJDzepAQB7j1rZVEUA4mDv6VYas/s400/02-+Tick.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
Harriet again. Female for sure -check out the 5 oval eggs in her abdomen</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(?250X, Nikon)</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxMZsdfJo4glmmcmcjz4eq4DuqMiOhnf3bTdJBjZcCItCeZqIZ8cwq3-7spzpNtSYY8bBxk3jtoGGI-ZXW7tfHgxm2vkGjEoM_-nDwmaOqfFrW1-lHnRKjbZ8jZq2Sg-JNXt4iZ1WNplE/s1600/03-+Tick.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxMZsdfJo4glmmcmcjz4eq4DuqMiOhnf3bTdJBjZcCItCeZqIZ8cwq3-7spzpNtSYY8bBxk3jtoGGI-ZXW7tfHgxm2vkGjEoM_-nDwmaOqfFrW1-lHnRKjbZ8jZq2Sg-JNXt4iZ1WNplE/s400/03-+Tick.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
Same 'Harriet' but image reversed due to the difference in the optics between the Nikon and the DMD-108 <u>D</u>igital <u>M</u>icro-imaging <u>D</u>evice.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(100X, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8ZdI2payQfbPMT4y8rO7qUAQHA2G2vvzeteot3yBAbppIh3BlgoaSDoUGd8Abh8A5daw5f5jJRu0-V2yhDY16Qjy0e0NIyJOvWUmo-zyTzhjnMqmvdxU0CS9UBV5qxrw2YS0lay46bb4/s1600/04-+Tick.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8ZdI2payQfbPMT4y8rO7qUAQHA2G2vvzeteot3yBAbppIh3BlgoaSDoUGd8Abh8A5daw5f5jJRu0-V2yhDY16Qjy0e0NIyJOvWUmo-zyTzhjnMqmvdxU0CS9UBV5qxrw2YS0lay46bb4/s400/04-+Tick.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
And the last mug-shot at a higher magnification.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(?100+10X, DMD-108)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
Links below redirect to the identical post within this blog.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: left;">
While I like using both photographic devices (<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon Coolpix</a> microscope mounted camera) and the <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Leica DMD-108 Digital Micro-imaging Device</a>, I feel that each platform has an advantage in different situations. I like to try both methods and then chose which gave the best representation of the subject I was attempting to document. Often it is in the eye of the viewer.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><br /></span>
<b><span style="color: #674ea7;">What? you mean you don't give a familiar name to your organisms?</span></b><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Fun With Microbiology - as the title of the blog proclaims.</span></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #674ea7;">* * *</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-25098946753080690642015-10-14T13:08:00.000-04:002015-10-14T13:20:44.633-04:00Fonsecaea pedrosoi/monophora<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMm0E1MTNwRvbuvjptCyyinQuMbqeBPJwpGtcqTy-4L2t-5-1SvWBfVHqQLA5OYxgu-b7VCckKKkbBR4KtxULgAfC74pOXGmEmQLq-qZxKV4wWb2lCPCpz7phgjI9DQp9A41zkFPgDHcE/s1600/01-Fonsecaea+pedrosoi+SAB+-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Fonsecaea pedrosoi/monophora</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Note 1:</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Recent changes in genus <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fonsecaea</i>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Previously the
genus <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fonsecaea</i> was considered to be
comprised of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">F.pedrosoi</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">F. compacta</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Recent revisions indicate that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">F.compacta</i> is simply a morphological
variant of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">F.pedrosoi </i>and therefore
considered the same organism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>DNA
analysis, however, has added a second species to the genus known as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">F.monophora</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are subtle morphological differences
between the two; however, they are best differentiated by molecular means.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The fungal disease was first described by
Alexandrino Pedroso in 1911, hence the name.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ecology:</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">While
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fonsecaea</i> can be found worldwide it
is more commonly found in tropical and sub-tropical regions where it is found
as a saprobe (lives on dead organic matter) in soils and rotting plant
materials.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Agricultural workers in
Central and South America, India, Africa and Madagascar are more commonly
exposed to these soils and exposure to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fonsecaea</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is usually acquired through traumatic
implantation via a splinter or thorn.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Cold blooded animals living near or around swamps may also be infected
and carry the fungus.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pathology:</span></b></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Fonsecaea</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> is the most common cause of
chromoblastomycosis, a chronic subcutaneous infection which is characterized by
verrucous lesions and the formation of brown sclerotic fission cells, described
as “copper pennies”<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a>
within the tissue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Other dematiaceous
fungi responsible for chromoblastomycosis are <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Phialophora verrucosa</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cladophialophora
carrionii. </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">F.pedrosoi</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">F.monophora</i>
are recognized agents of human chromoblastomycosis; however, in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">F.pedrosoi</i> a strict association with
this disease is noted, while <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">F.monophora</i>
is a more general opportunist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While
prognosis is generally good, the infection itself is difficult to treat and
long-term therapy is required.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
presentation of the disease can initially be confused with squamous cell
carcinoma.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Systemic (internal) infections
have rarely been described however <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">F.pedrosoi</i>
has been implicated in a fatal brain infection acquired via haematogenous
dissemination.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Keratitis (corneal
infection) and a case of paranasal sinusitis have also been reported.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Macroscopic Morphology:</span></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUWSS9gMGbbWCqZtEaWac6a2IfIB-_eEYsOZ8NbZiFT9NRGgiQFBEYSWHgBxzdQT8Pa1k7Pa2Kd1iLMfGmEEEtclaYKjiMp9NjLNktZnLXKBs1-8GzPmdhYpQa38UG2j0xmhX6OhygCzA/s1600/03-+Fonsecaea+pedrosoi+SAB-2+%2528Rev%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUWSS9gMGbbWCqZtEaWac6a2IfIB-_eEYsOZ8NbZiFT9NRGgiQFBEYSWHgBxzdQT8Pa1k7Pa2Kd1iLMfGmEEEtclaYKjiMp9NjLNktZnLXKBs1-8GzPmdhYpQa38UG2j0xmhX6OhygCzA/s200/03-+Fonsecaea+pedrosoi+SAB-2+%2528Rev%2529.jpg" width="163" /></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Growth
rate for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">F.pedrosoi/monphora </i>is slow
with the colony maturing in about 14 days on Sabouraud Dextrose medium (SAB) at
30ᵒC.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The
colony surface may be dark green to olive brown to dark grey or jet-black
depending on the strain and medium.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
is covered with a fine, velvety or downy mycelium.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Colonies start of relatively flat however
they usually produce a raised convex protrusion at the center where initially
inoculated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The colony becomes somewhat
embedded in the agar surface and may break apart when probed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The colony reverse is black.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Note 2:</span></b></span> I will refer to the organism throughout the remainder of this post as <i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> for my own ease, however, the reader should keep in mind that the organism could be<i> Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> or <i>Fonsecaea monophora</i> as discussed in Note 1.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMm0E1MTNwRvbuvjptCyyinQuMbqeBPJwpGtcqTy-4L2t-5-1SvWBfVHqQLA5OYxgu-b7VCckKKkbBR4KtxULgAfC74pOXGmEmQLq-qZxKV4wWb2lCPCpz7phgjI9DQp9A41zkFPgDHcE/s1600/01-Fonsecaea+pedrosoi+SAB+-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="391" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMm0E1MTNwRvbuvjptCyyinQuMbqeBPJwpGtcqTy-4L2t-5-1SvWBfVHqQLA5OYxgu-b7VCckKKkbBR4KtxULgAfC74pOXGmEmQLq-qZxKV4wWb2lCPCpz7phgjI9DQp9A41zkFPgDHcE/s400/01-Fonsecaea+pedrosoi+SAB+-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i> Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SAB), 10 Days, </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">30ᵒC <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.htm" target="_blank">(Nikon)</a></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEietKEoQlY6HmpR4XWkdSWwxymy53wkifwVB2A9g4UKH1AsQcvhyphenhyphenPJs5AyyzCF95GdS5xrZYLFPi0jOhiiLURKfTwdGKF7fvcaImkMg9mc_VpB_gj7u9IlfqRl3-oZWX4beyx2CFzrFL1E/s1600/02-+Fonsecaea+pedrosoi+SAB+-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEietKEoQlY6HmpR4XWkdSWwxymy53wkifwVB2A9g4UKH1AsQcvhyphenhyphenPJs5AyyzCF95GdS5xrZYLFPi0jOhiiLURKfTwdGKF7fvcaImkMg9mc_VpB_gj7u9IlfqRl3-oZWX4beyx2CFzrFL1E/s400/02-+Fonsecaea+pedrosoi+SAB+-3.jpg" width="377" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i> Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SAB), ~3 Weeks, </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">30ᵒC (Nikon)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Microscopic Morphology:</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Note 3:</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">One source (Larone-<i><span style="color: #c27ba0;">See Sidebar</span></i>) suggests that conidiation may be
enhanced by growing the organism on Corn Meal Agar (CMA) or Potato Dextrose
Agar (PDA).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact the isolate
presented here did not show any conidiation until grown on CMA.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All microphotographs presented here are from
growth on CMA.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><span style="color: #674ea7;">Be aware that the scale of the micron bar within photos may vary.</span></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqpoY92Zx7Ey3B4mplPNTkk5ndygzJRuH0Aa2FUZSl4WFnF6ahD6doSTRGvDzaR-yYBwZbjNPZ_MR6eFwa2O2H4s1PbfHUvaFTaevyvXiYwp6VPmC36mOVikohhRUmF9YeHzVOMD0QZAQ/s1600/04-+Fonsecaea+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqpoY92Zx7Ey3B4mplPNTkk5ndygzJRuH0Aa2FUZSl4WFnF6ahD6doSTRGvDzaR-yYBwZbjNPZ_MR6eFwa2O2H4s1PbfHUvaFTaevyvXiYwp6VPmC36mOVikohhRUmF9YeHzVOMD0QZAQ/s400/04-+Fonsecaea+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - grown on SAB media, this isolate failed to produce any 'fruiting structures'. It was only after growing the fungus on Corn Meal Agar (CMA) that conidiophores and conidia were observed. (400X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.htm" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="background-color: #8e7cc3;">All further photos are taken from growth on CMA</span><span style="background-color: #674ea7;"><span style="background-color: #8e7cc3;">.</span><span style="background-color: #b4a7d6;"></span><span style="background-color: #8e7cc3;"></span><span style="background-color: #8e7cc3;"></span></span></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Fonsecaea</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> produces dematiaceous<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></a>
(dark/brown) septate and loosely branching hyphae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The conidia produced are pale brown or
olivaceous in colour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are
sub-hyaline, smooth textured, thin walled and ovoid or clavate (club-like) in
shape.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The conidia (3.5 – 5.0 X 1.5 –
2.0 µm) are produced in short chains at the apex of the conidiophores.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYKrNfjDqLgLdLmGhzzv2i0R9f-9mcV7LJgWRZtbDAAPXi6QY9Edb2mbpxFqNSIoyVVnkJw6wu4XIOjVA5iYZGGq-WgQ35lFl2tgg-rFMZMlES1Q_3_uqeM90KdQUCd49PRc-Y8MV_aLk/s1600/05-+Fonsecaea+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYKrNfjDqLgLdLmGhzzv2i0R9f-9mcV7LJgWRZtbDAAPXi6QY9Edb2mbpxFqNSIoyVVnkJw6wu4XIOjVA5iYZGGq-WgQ35lFl2tgg-rFMZMlES1Q_3_uqeM90KdQUCd49PRc-Y8MV_aLk/s400/05-+Fonsecaea+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - view of mature fungus at lower magnification.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjntU65PmwBs2VfcU2FYdxmR9pXMdgiSewf1xvJUL45HydjwH7RiLrpJjkZm-zi5vvXBzGJbW_nGENTCO1lLY8liStFBmz-HzYetynfsgi3U2lPGEHuS4oYCQEogLTxZh4wYAz8HzFRzgg/s1600/06-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjntU65PmwBs2VfcU2FYdxmR9pXMdgiSewf1xvJUL45HydjwH7RiLrpJjkZm-zi5vvXBzGJbW_nGENTCO1lLY8liStFBmz-HzYetynfsgi3U2lPGEHuS4oYCQEogLTxZh4wYAz8HzFRzgg/s400/06-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> -initial 'budding' growth of conidiophores/conidia appear along the hypha.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Four
types of conidial formation may be observed the same strain of <i>Fonsecaea.</i></span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Fonsecaea</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> type:</span></b></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conidiophores are septate, erect, and
compactly sympodial.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The distal (far)
end of the conidiophore develops swollen denticles that bear primary
single-celled ovoid conidia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Denticles
on the primary conidia support secondary single-celled conidia that may produce
tertiary conidia, but long chains of conidia are not formed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Elongate conidia often form in verticils at
fertile sites along the conidiophore, producing an asterisk-like (*)
appearance. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Rhinocladiella</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> type:</span></b></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conidiophores are septate, erect, and
sympodial; swollen denticles bear ovoid conidia at the tip and along the side
of the conidiophore. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Usually only
primary conidia develop.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Cladosporium</span></i></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"> type:</span></span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conidiophores are erect and give rise to
large primary shield-shaped conidia that in turn produce short, branching
chains of oval conidia having small dark hila (scars of attachment)</span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Phialophora</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> type:</span></b></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Phialides are vase shaped with terminal
cup-like collarettes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Round to oval
conidia accumulate at the apex of the phialide.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This type of conidiation is often scant or lacking.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilaU0A1q214srqRMhf2q7iIy9efZsbzm5dqQb7dA0gJjylmntkEOMrdN47f0K3m1TpqKBcZHMX-mKleCUEc4C7sc_-f092xcOweIhU83BzWRVanUvOJFTeLvzd4L5Jn5FKxY9AiCg95r8/s1600/07-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilaU0A1q214srqRMhf2q7iIy9efZsbzm5dqQb7dA0gJjylmntkEOMrdN47f0K3m1TpqKBcZHMX-mKleCUEc4C7sc_-f092xcOweIhU83BzWRVanUvOJFTeLvzd4L5Jn5FKxY9AiCg95r8/s400/07-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - as the colony matured, the hyphae darkened with the production of melanin pigment. Initially only primary, or a single tier of conidia were seen to be produced which suggested that this organism might be <i>Rhinocladiella</i> species. Therefore, this is what I believe sources refer to as <i>Rhinoladiella</i> conidiation as described in the previous text.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.htm" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQJYNuB3A0z69sq57li7YnxBnfETnMJeLn_iG8h7K-Y_oEIY9RANVsEC81kDiyvFeYGpDkkaJ3Rs2wYqeI3r9ErY_nv7LZuoQmj9c-Ppgf3ABIcYBFvNXff5VNhusPEFmC9X0wv_2I-1Y/s1600/08-+Fonsecaea+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQJYNuB3A0z69sq57li7YnxBnfETnMJeLn_iG8h7K-Y_oEIY9RANVsEC81kDiyvFeYGpDkkaJ3Rs2wYqeI3r9ErY_nv7LZuoQmj9c-Ppgf3ABIcYBFvNXff5VNhusPEFmC9X0wv_2I-1Y/s400/08-+Fonsecaea+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> -again, only primary conidia (each conidia attached to the conidiophore) is seen suggesting the <i>Rhinocladiella</i> type conidiation.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJMQWp1YySE2geoBa5qiTFDFooqZiQpN51wcRpNqEWbVhyphenhyphenYEVV-U32d4poD1lOSiWBjPFl0thyAaK-DSSF_36jE7Qw6hT5dA6c-Nl9o9XbawbeBR2x6KSNYXfCLMv_7RQzmifT5l0tx54/s1600/09-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJMQWp1YySE2geoBa5qiTFDFooqZiQpN51wcRpNqEWbVhyphenhyphenYEVV-U32d4poD1lOSiWBjPFl0thyAaK-DSSF_36jE7Qw6hT5dA6c-Nl9o9XbawbeBR2x6KSNYXfCLMv_7RQzmifT5l0tx54/s400/09-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> -an interesting feature observed is the sympodial growth of the hyphae/conidiophore (arrow).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcsEoE2mfH826av1_gIEcN25FOnDJnPBiC6qrroQ1eUNEZXq9e_BhR2yrWEU5RM44lNxNqa5a8h3K51clqEdKF2a1quU6woB2mUDjK4m3ivRYz8ds9dRuzCAWYhtbtni0zyl_BORriNSM/s1600/10-+Fonsecaea++1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcsEoE2mfH826av1_gIEcN25FOnDJnPBiC6qrroQ1eUNEZXq9e_BhR2yrWEU5RM44lNxNqa5a8h3K51clqEdKF2a1quU6woB2mUDjK4m3ivRYz8ds9dRuzCAWYhtbtni0zyl_BORriNSM/s400/10-+Fonsecaea++1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> -Conidia have dispersed revealing the sympoidal growth pattern (arrows)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5UtJgYmKWukkwrQGfHUu8bO8OL2Mqqpy0Cadw1YHzT6tlg7O86nIbUXIvsVNEn5sCtG1siNazvWvRBRcZe0533-io_zn2OCjXw0oqQIr0Ue9YBzSF_UHAYte_o_UxVJWIx4oa0TdBLPY/s1600/Sympodial+vs+Monopodial+Growth+-%252811%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5UtJgYmKWukkwrQGfHUu8bO8OL2Mqqpy0Cadw1YHzT6tlg7O86nIbUXIvsVNEn5sCtG1siNazvWvRBRcZe0533-io_zn2OCjXw0oqQIr0Ue9YBzSF_UHAYte_o_UxVJWIx4oa0TdBLPY/s400/Sympodial+vs+Monopodial+Growth+-%252811%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnfkIegtODrT0NKzHRQ7l-d2Jh2_BSF7JbikhTdjrDx2SpNVUqkEuGKt2aed1YWDnoXmbTpOxHY8da1d-IdFTqSFYqfKSGgbYr-YUj6YJlkasjtfAUmnFN44mVwGraelHkmoyWcIaQ-Mc/s1600/12-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnfkIegtODrT0NKzHRQ7l-d2Jh2_BSF7JbikhTdjrDx2SpNVUqkEuGKt2aed1YWDnoXmbTpOxHY8da1d-IdFTqSFYqfKSGgbYr-YUj6YJlkasjtfAUmnFN44mVwGraelHkmoyWcIaQ-Mc/s400/12-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> -a final photo showing this feature.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.htm" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuWVbWM2Kv5pLe_hpbjyGM6FXQgzz3sPiE96W5kC-2j7BcSvzsqd1XtWl9KytDnFNc1Kww-hGU3EDYA-g1Yfoc0MWI8SDs_cIL_WIMjpN8VAtuWMApoKBOHrDbCFiRhlmcvEHfx1rin3c/s1600/13-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuWVbWM2Kv5pLe_hpbjyGM6FXQgzz3sPiE96W5kC-2j7BcSvzsqd1XtWl9KytDnFNc1Kww-hGU3EDYA-g1Yfoc0MWI8SDs_cIL_WIMjpN8VAtuWMApoKBOHrDbCFiRhlmcvEHfx1rin3c/s400/13-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> -secondary conidia appear which are attached to the primary by a delicate denticle. <i>Rhinocladiella</i> is not known for producing other than primary conidia therefore the evidence began to suggest that this was, indeed, <i>Fonsecaea.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8VrOs7GVD2T9nT8K4btsYr66qwhM08lk9_lkijSUqBeYcFuDwNdBjoA6L4oj0gcAQ81Oc7Ld8U6oaHkjlhgzmKVFRPgdHQLQSYdPnAT6CxXAFgbFBQQ6QZ-hq6tKr_K6mR2MLwIQnWzo/s1600/14-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8VrOs7GVD2T9nT8K4btsYr66qwhM08lk9_lkijSUqBeYcFuDwNdBjoA6L4oj0gcAQ81Oc7Ld8U6oaHkjlhgzmKVFRPgdHQLQSYdPnAT6CxXAFgbFBQQ6QZ-hq6tKr_K6mR2MLwIQnWzo/s400/14-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - still mostly primary conidiation however a typical example of <i>Fonsecaea</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYoeAePDIeXBiySr5rPAhJbAy39L5WAKYznW7LPHJ3g4qZjeZ6QvGbjkZ6oX2q58zFNYKS8rurvNtmigExDxauZe5hYC12v3zCNIV6mXICRUKcs5qNLuzJFT35wBjbXJpZ85OxE1CEGtU/s1600/15-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYoeAePDIeXBiySr5rPAhJbAy39L5WAKYznW7LPHJ3g4qZjeZ6QvGbjkZ6oX2q58zFNYKS8rurvNtmigExDxauZe5hYC12v3zCNIV6mXICRUKcs5qNLuzJFT35wBjbXJpZ85OxE1CEGtU/s400/15-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - typical growth. Branching conidiophores present.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHPa0MqmDNUUXE5_NGe6qDcNt5FBBtz19BjDICOJwU_sudW2v8r_4lBcvFuVs5WRLQLC6yupLHNadt4IhQqOOVp9POmzlWuCvzDYlCCAkl5sjkadwa9wYXJa74gQPXH5MMf8lihCT8Z5g/s1600/16-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHPa0MqmDNUUXE5_NGe6qDcNt5FBBtz19BjDICOJwU_sudW2v8r_4lBcvFuVs5WRLQLC6yupLHNadt4IhQqOOVp9POmzlWuCvzDYlCCAkl5sjkadwa9wYXJa74gQPXH5MMf8lihCT8Z5g/s400/16-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - from edge of slide culture on CMA.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyCGiZZi6qL4RGTnnT5wpBpbzi1_yohg-XTKXVjLpzzRWq6_Xu62LuXbaqjn1lMzqKr2Q9LpWYdM77VF1ORk5VomTRmBwyE3SU5U57t0s5x5PlOkXovQ4DCMum2m6o7eh7w6Tw8wPbWec/s1600/17-+Fonsecaea+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyCGiZZi6qL4RGTnnT5wpBpbzi1_yohg-XTKXVjLpzzRWq6_Xu62LuXbaqjn1lMzqKr2Q9LpWYdM77VF1ORk5VomTRmBwyE3SU5U57t0s5x5PlOkXovQ4DCMum2m6o7eh7w6Tw8wPbWec/s400/17-+Fonsecaea+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - compactly sympodial conidiation of Fonsecaea.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.htm" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq0jVDxerj67tYVO-VmCb_ytA66c-tGXCotshG-6sWPGa_tJfZ-W9GfTgJXVR5GdEkJp1fkTUF_-tLb9cYx3r_Jyfk8XWQY6s4lmQp1RWjqdodi_ISBlwr1kV0sqSjlKA2wdT5Nd6tL_w/s1600/18-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq0jVDxerj67tYVO-VmCb_ytA66c-tGXCotshG-6sWPGa_tJfZ-W9GfTgJXVR5GdEkJp1fkTUF_-tLb9cYx3r_Jyfk8XWQY6s4lmQp1RWjqdodi_ISBlwr1kV0sqSjlKA2wdT5Nd6tL_w/s400/18-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - another photo (sometimes I post a photo just 'cause it looks cool!)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9HiSS7s9mthWrRYehzkKJP5t0CzvVXxf6WETGXoCty-RueETGjzai57dn1siIQCoofhsktNvo4SwkxJ51KLEjv-5c-DHHzSYjUZmhqNRxmPobFd3JFyr7LeX38VJ7rKwZ098yNsbvb0E/s1600/19-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9HiSS7s9mthWrRYehzkKJP5t0CzvVXxf6WETGXoCty-RueETGjzai57dn1siIQCoofhsktNvo4SwkxJ51KLEjv-5c-DHHzSYjUZmhqNRxmPobFd3JFyr7LeX38VJ7rKwZ098yNsbvb0E/s400/19-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - more typical of mature Fonsecaea as you can see that there are several tiers to the conidiphore & conidia fruiting structure.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6QO3sp_yIyRcWpxlWzY467XWLOENb653rlFi74YDt4duatekhkBVtGYy0zs1sR1f-zufFRMuy4lpYygusi_oQKwU4GbF0vMoseqhUSeuW60UZZA6kKjM_OlE85R5PzEhsVOx9yhZCf-8/s1600/20-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6QO3sp_yIyRcWpxlWzY467XWLOENb653rlFi74YDt4duatekhkBVtGYy0zs1sR1f-zufFRMuy4lpYygusi_oQKwU4GbF0vMoseqhUSeuW60UZZA6kKjM_OlE85R5PzEhsVOx9yhZCf-8/s400/20-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - conidiophores bearing conidia along the septate hyphae.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioA0ora-U419j_URVmoZQVBkMYlMqg1XeS44eqHMAmtzFRJxgIMNFUCfQ1Lw7HxsyqtHxy99mGtFcDlUj6QEHg7Gqg0Odbh5HXJRloHp8czu10njK2fFr_3jRd4Y-x5zTMYP8Ex-kdja0/s1600/21-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioA0ora-U419j_URVmoZQVBkMYlMqg1XeS44eqHMAmtzFRJxgIMNFUCfQ1Lw7HxsyqtHxy99mGtFcDlUj6QEHg7Gqg0Odbh5HXJRloHp8czu10njK2fFr_3jRd4Y-x5zTMYP8Ex-kdja0/s400/21-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - typical complex fruiting structure -center left of photo.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.htm" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWWKSeqsjuEP4GJN3gm0rc7EM5Tdd0NNlE0I0BS7lEkPaegU9WKDTr08NbzbMnK7dJLU4yw2S3je8-eLUr40bou4ME2goq1Kt0OJjdu2uCQi8TmHB8SnA3_DCoH1xK0dlLL87_VwLWO00/s1600/22-+Fonsecaea+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWWKSeqsjuEP4GJN3gm0rc7EM5Tdd0NNlE0I0BS7lEkPaegU9WKDTr08NbzbMnK7dJLU4yw2S3je8-eLUr40bou4ME2goq1Kt0OJjdu2uCQi8TmHB8SnA3_DCoH1xK0dlLL87_VwLWO00/s400/22-+Fonsecaea+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - another typical example.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFzL-_zLsnmG2febWBYtJytP8JTjgVdFML7BR2WxNSBc5cnGGBJ6Y9FPOorYtGr-wXMHkD7TUFCovEHrCSarfnfWY0NniWJRNlywSuRJqMmxWc6uBqwsq-_d3kFTD9aJShQfIfDjB2LY8/s1600/22-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFzL-_zLsnmG2febWBYtJytP8JTjgVdFML7BR2WxNSBc5cnGGBJ6Y9FPOorYtGr-wXMHkD7TUFCovEHrCSarfnfWY0NniWJRNlywSuRJqMmxWc6uBqwsq-_d3kFTD9aJShQfIfDjB2LY8/s400/22-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - more examples. Conidiophores of varying lengths along the hyphae. Primary and more mature central hypha has developed dark pigmentation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWZXrCRa8xx1sqQ1sHMAI77Faktth0ikM5q0ZuNSu46NItPbARlRImeUg4pdUjsQc9HW7irBlNRtIWdVPWT4MnUUT3STZpjWAPFhxZ3DuBJd_RLMDUPR52ycFdCH0dQzwfemhb47HiQZs/s1600/23-+Fonsecaea+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWZXrCRa8xx1sqQ1sHMAI77Faktth0ikM5q0ZuNSu46NItPbARlRImeUg4pdUjsQc9HW7irBlNRtIWdVPWT4MnUUT3STZpjWAPFhxZ3DuBJd_RLMDUPR52ycFdCH0dQzwfemhb47HiQZs/s400/23-+Fonsecaea+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - a typical example of the conidiphore with compactly sympodial growth of conidia. (1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrDC1L28c1aebne2CWYZSSw4Fzc1zZhN5Fh3iNyteoL7N9vzznw8MjK89CyhOy3UmpDm4Y13cokbVnAZ9a7cfP3YF58QNAE1lBoyLlYOXaB4X3IQ9yPgVmmRh-YCKIkuzjDlRftcNfgJA/s1600/24-+Fonsecaea+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrDC1L28c1aebne2CWYZSSw4Fzc1zZhN5Fh3iNyteoL7N9vzznw8MjK89CyhOy3UmpDm4Y13cokbVnAZ9a7cfP3YF58QNAE1lBoyLlYOXaB4X3IQ9yPgVmmRh-YCKIkuzjDlRftcNfgJA/s400/24-+Fonsecaea+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - <i>Fonsecaea</i> type conidiation: </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Conidiophores are septate, erect, and
compactly sympodial.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The distal (far)
end of the conidiophore develops swollen denticles that bear primary
single-celled ovoid conidia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Denticles
on the primary conidia support secondary single-celled conidia that may produce
tertiary conidia, but long chains of conidia are not formed.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.htm" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdtBN1k_2XWmryb2a5DFuZK3mFcIp28SdndIHtTg_w6SH0THE-imhjCr4sZxdALTTNkwufbGlGTLhOgqeFxL8y7Y2AHb8q8W3fEgg2oc1ZG2XCiiI_BhTWNnFSKUET9tU1rjwWyjv91wQ/s1600/25-+Fonsceaea+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdtBN1k_2XWmryb2a5DFuZK3mFcIp28SdndIHtTg_w6SH0THE-imhjCr4sZxdALTTNkwufbGlGTLhOgqeFxL8y7Y2AHb8q8W3fEgg2oc1ZG2XCiiI_BhTWNnFSKUET9tU1rjwWyjv91wQ/s400/25-+Fonsceaea+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Elongate conidia often form in verticils at
fertile sites along the conidiophore. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvQBdt0B0nEbFaZVC1Cj0YqyQO260N_ozxMsDWoBDeuiIP5s7Um39F-qLxETztQ9PTodxN92dbCpPpczW2EXA6EDawPNG3GJ342yFLfZnlqEHzo3YM-Oc8REdEeSxZZj5sa0F4Fn1pZ9I/s1600/26-+Fonsecaea+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvQBdt0B0nEbFaZVC1Cj0YqyQO260N_ozxMsDWoBDeuiIP5s7Um39F-qLxETztQ9PTodxN92dbCpPpczW2EXA6EDawPNG3GJ342yFLfZnlqEHzo3YM-Oc8REdEeSxZZj5sa0F4Fn1pZ9I/s400/26-+Fonsecaea+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Elongate conidia often form in verticils at
fertile sites along the conidiophore.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaDfeRYK8_cRd9mzJuQ_4b_0n8Wh1147FHBu2LjmF4dzkmvsrW6RvuahVeKfCWN9X1y_Q7lW5fJiGH-Ve090HVbJ9eD0dxRglbO8czTSGRUXTWjqjWaIbaXKY8OH3Toj3rX3kEoj3jxXQ/s1600/27-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaDfeRYK8_cRd9mzJuQ_4b_0n8Wh1147FHBu2LjmF4dzkmvsrW6RvuahVeKfCWN9X1y_Q7lW5fJiGH-Ve090HVbJ9eD0dxRglbO8czTSGRUXTWjqjWaIbaXKY8OH3Toj3rX3kEoj3jxXQ/s400/27-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Elongate conidia often form in verticils at
fertile sites along the conidiophore, </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">producing an asterisk-like (*)
appearance. (Below)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTCN239ct9roVu-qGwHwFbhtxjs6j9ODp3bz8TLTzNkrgCfF8otHHOnaAbDKrjgdQ_14aYFiNmTmMTQKqj7fsyM95V6zJa7xv-NxM3NvankCSPfW17ensETerY9YXsyMLr6bjRZngQy7I/s1600/28-+Fonsecaea+500X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTCN239ct9roVu-qGwHwFbhtxjs6j9ODp3bz8TLTzNkrgCfF8otHHOnaAbDKrjgdQ_14aYFiNmTmMTQKqj7fsyM95V6zJa7xv-NxM3NvankCSPfW17ensETerY9YXsyMLr6bjRZngQy7I/s400/28-+Fonsecaea+500X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Elongate conidia often form in verticils at
fertile sites along the conidiophore, </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">producing an asterisk-like (*)
appearance.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(500X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.htm" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh0Ex50TdkbFiTOLJGp2-TONLTdV0TAAUwePlUkjSTrfu0YKw-9uxksTPX3GhnCjQxhZI39ZPFQH6QkyXLP017OBvSOYRYSZ75yp7vxZohJdxP9-Q2VrUrhCM1Gj4nE5AgkjrGET6gjmY/s1600/29-+Fonsecaea+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh0Ex50TdkbFiTOLJGp2-TONLTdV0TAAUwePlUkjSTrfu0YKw-9uxksTPX3GhnCjQxhZI39ZPFQH6QkyXLP017OBvSOYRYSZ75yp7vxZohJdxP9-Q2VrUrhCM1Gj4nE5AgkjrGET6gjmY/s400/29-+Fonsecaea+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - </span></span><a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2014/06/cladosporium-species-revisitied.html" target="_blank"><i>Cladosporium</i></a> type conidiation: conidiophores are erect and give rise to
large primary shield-shaped conidia (inset) that in turn produce short, branching
chains of oval conidia having small dark hila (scars of attachment). Conidia were easily disrupted and I have no photos for chaining of the conidia) (1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGYymaOvlh5JzCXNFSAjUw5E5lvSX5YPqmeHukJ0YiOBiDys2GAJmN2Gm_6KklmlXIPHKIBfHzEwOy5aFmneC9FIPyybh8ZYzkJ3HRPdvMDvPzVdlFMzAKMbPxNH69UOguwTJc_elP7pY/s1600/30-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGYymaOvlh5JzCXNFSAjUw5E5lvSX5YPqmeHukJ0YiOBiDys2GAJmN2Gm_6KklmlXIPHKIBfHzEwOy5aFmneC9FIPyybh8ZYzkJ3HRPdvMDvPzVdlFMzAKMbPxNH69UOguwTJc_elP7pY/s400/30-+Fonsecaea+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi - </i>remnants of conidial attachment on a septate conidiophore.</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i><br /></i></span></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz1DaFW0z84-433CBKZjv67WtSuoHp7Fk51Q0gIh6aHpYg7uDZcl-G0WpPI61Tb6kKIWrF3yhSzgVFi4KjHpkcWmiz1pDrRCXhi_FNIbaY9SINDY4MpXCiEpniCxY-JxVVmfII7s-x5-k/s1600/31-+Fonsecaea+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz1DaFW0z84-433CBKZjv67WtSuoHp7Fk51Q0gIh6aHpYg7uDZcl-G0WpPI61Tb6kKIWrF3yhSzgVFi4KjHpkcWmiz1pDrRCXhi_FNIbaY9SINDY4MpXCiEpniCxY-JxVVmfII7s-x5-k/s400/31-+Fonsecaea+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi - </i></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Septate conidiophore with conidia shown. The conidia produced are pale brown or
olivaceous in colour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are
sub-hyaline, smooth textured, thin walled and ovoid or clavate (club-like) in
shape.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The conidia (3.5 – 5.0 X 1.5 –
2.0 µm) are produced in short chains at the apex of the conidiophores.</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.htm" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAaGVI-yCmGKY3vq8v4qnpCNSZw1izqteRYTVksT7GoeAxsTTS8vHQn0tNWDDLwDwQWrhERiXuO7gAXAzQpKjdYnA8f_DZpZxxo21X802H_46iXCTWBul7zBWfKpJuDVtr6hOFgOLoSd8/s1600/32-+Fonsecaea+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAaGVI-yCmGKY3vq8v4qnpCNSZw1izqteRYTVksT7GoeAxsTTS8vHQn0tNWDDLwDwQWrhERiXuO7gAXAzQpKjdYnA8f_DZpZxxo21X802H_46iXCTWBul7zBWfKpJuDVtr6hOFgOLoSd8/s400/32-+Fonsecaea+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i>Fonsecaea pedrosoi</i> - Phialophora type conidiation (?): </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Phialides are vase shaped with terminal
cup-like collarettes (inset - arrows).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Round to oval
conidia accumulate at the apex of the phialide.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This type of conidiation is often scant or lacking. The 'staggered' sympodial growth pattern appears evident at base of inset photo)</span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAuzdOA9RQhqtfV-hb0Iz5dgW7ggPkboe66kA_jYD5zXl2tzHeRM1bAb5CBHLOtx-EyHwvxNY0azMZQSydw_GhjDjZ4tTsAbOK6NcY5LNmSyfvZPq5j7mLWifupg1gvhq-foNhLTe__F0/s1600/33-+Fonsecaea+-Alternate+Focus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAuzdOA9RQhqtfV-hb0Iz5dgW7ggPkboe66kA_jYD5zXl2tzHeRM1bAb5CBHLOtx-EyHwvxNY0azMZQSydw_GhjDjZ4tTsAbOK6NcY5LNmSyfvZPq5j7mLWifupg1gvhq-foNhLTe__F0/s640/33-+Fonsecaea+-Alternate+Focus.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Fonsecaea pedrosoi</span></span></i></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>* * * </i></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;">
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a> In
tissues, this fungus, as well as other etiologic agents of chromoblastomycosis
appears as large (5 – 12 µm diameter), round, brownish and thick-walled bodies,
hence the resemblance to the coin and common description of “copper pennies”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the fungus is cultured on laboratory
media at 25, 30, or 37ᵒC, the fungus is filamentous.</div>
</div>
<div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></a> Dematiaceous
fungi represent a large and heterogeneous group of filamentous moulds
containing melanin in their cell walls. The term phaeohyphomycosis was proposed
by Ajello and Georg in 1974 as “a collective name for a group of mycosis caused
by diverse genera and species of dematiaceous fungi”</div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b> * * *</b></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-88024447000358989062015-10-03T12:43:00.000-04:002015-10-03T12:43:22.619-04:00Chrysosporium species<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><span style="line-height: 115%;">Chrysosporium</span></i></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"> species</span> (Mould)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<b>
</b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: small;">Note:</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chrysosporium</i>
is another species I’ve been holding onto in hopes of obtaining additional
specimens (strains) and taking better photographs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’m really not satisfied with what I’ve taken
to date but here they are for what they’re worth.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ecology:</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chrysosporium</i>
is a ubiquitous, cosmopolitan fungus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
is a rather common saprobe (living on dead organic matter). </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #674ea7;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pathology:</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A number of
species are keratinophiles and although they may be isolated from skin and
nails, they are generally considered to be contaminants.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Rare reports of systemic infections in immunocompromised
hosts have been published; however, their importance in the disease process
remains uncertain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Skin infections of
snakes, iguanas, crocodiles and dogs have been more commonly reported.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Colony Morphology:</b></span></div>
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Growth is described as slow to moderately rapid, reaching
maturity within about one week.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Colony morphology may be quite variable between isolated
species.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Texture is powdery to cottony
to woolly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The colony may remain compact
or be spreading and may show further variation by being flat or raised.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pigmentation is usually white but may vary
from pale yellow, pink, pale brown or weakly orange.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The reverse is most often white but may be
yellow, tan or brownish.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia9wSIPE7d8TKe1RYRXPtDqltgV7tciiFtmgTNv4kpF8L5QGuU2WbJYM91VRRGOcab4cJKCmBQVehCTQRbj3_Tq2fqabFR-zu86fMi7DXGUufr9tpfE-8kDKNQcBfE2al94o0lBdbhhmM/s1600/01+-+Chrysiosporum+SAB_+2wks.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia9wSIPE7d8TKe1RYRXPtDqltgV7tciiFtmgTNv4kpF8L5QGuU2WbJYM91VRRGOcab4cJKCmBQVehCTQRbj3_Tq2fqabFR-zu86fMi7DXGUufr9tpfE-8kDKNQcBfE2al94o0lBdbhhmM/s400/01+-+Chrysiosporum+SAB_+2wks.jpg" width="391" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i> Chrysosporium</i> species - on Saboraud Dextrose Agar (SAB), 14 days at 30ᵒC. <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">(Nikon)</a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSg0D0Vz9nIZ2TDi4ZrNXVkDSOMWN16buGQ1CD45z-q_0_7mL7ANghZe5OthBV49-y0clw3wvzERgoOuvw-tx5ouJCLxmjo0UrvLyQg3ynTfRxDpppEPH51nfqAWl3r6W022Ks2jDzsFk/s1600/03-+Chrysiosporum+SAB+04+3wks.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSg0D0Vz9nIZ2TDi4ZrNXVkDSOMWN16buGQ1CD45z-q_0_7mL7ANghZe5OthBV49-y0clw3wvzERgoOuvw-tx5ouJCLxmjo0UrvLyQg3ynTfRxDpppEPH51nfqAWl3r6W022Ks2jDzsFk/s400/03-+Chrysiosporum+SAB+04+3wks.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Chrysosporium</i> species - after 21 days on SAB, at 30ᵒC. (Nikon)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Microscopic
Morphology:</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRI-rE9-D0Ipirb4UhsdU5ciZyTofmCce3mGys_aslXxCZ9vXNGIFwLsrv1oK4UYHfz3TXbLxdUBS0l5r1uNrJqqdOElGQkvv_ZBz1-tSN-0cZCqGv9LOIYnX6thrtyzkVlz1GcmskPho/s1600/02+-+Chrysiosporum+SAB_%2528Rev%2529_2wks.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRI-rE9-D0Ipirb4UhsdU5ciZyTofmCce3mGys_aslXxCZ9vXNGIFwLsrv1oK4UYHfz3TXbLxdUBS0l5r1uNrJqqdOElGQkvv_ZBz1-tSN-0cZCqGv9LOIYnX6thrtyzkVlz1GcmskPho/s200/02+-+Chrysiosporum+SAB_%2528Rev%2529_2wks.jpg" width="175" /></a></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chrysosporium</i>
produces septate, hyaline hyphae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Conidia (aleurioconidia) often appear to be minimally differentiated
from the hyphae and may appear to form directly on the hyphae (sessile). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Conidia more often form at the ends of simple
or branched conidiophores of varying length. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Conidiophores may be ramified, forming
tree-like structures. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conidia are
usually one-celled (2 – 9 X 3 – 13 µm).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They appear as clavate (club shaped) with the apex (top) rounded while
the base being broad and flat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Remnants
of the attaching structure may, for a time, remain attached.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conidial walls are thin-walled and the
exterior is usually smooth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Intercalary
conidia are sometimes formed and may appear as a cylindrical or barrel shaped
structure or may be seen as a bulge on only one side of the hyphae.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chrysosporium</i>
is the asexual form of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nannizziopsis
vriesii</i> and therefore ascocarps (large, sexual fruiting bodies) may
occasionally be seen in fresh cultures.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivWCEm2rmkPyo30gMze8MEMGyrtIr9iG19IdkZG3BpOZdzPTpPDg7oKF8iAeDQ3IXt2bD1tF0MuJVCPsjxjR1i1Q9I8UCigkDc1CvhKzhekagqs-HjdPLYc1Ek4wP3lG6DgoYqN-bzR-Q/s1600/04A-+Chrysosporium+250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivWCEm2rmkPyo30gMze8MEMGyrtIr9iG19IdkZG3BpOZdzPTpPDg7oKF8iAeDQ3IXt2bD1tF0MuJVCPsjxjR1i1Q9I8UCigkDc1CvhKzhekagqs-HjdPLYc1Ek4wP3lG6DgoYqN-bzR-Q/s400/04A-+Chrysosporium+250X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Chrysosporium</i> species - initial look at a <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2011/11/slide-culture-technique.html" target="_blank">slide culture</a> at low power. Can't see much detail but I just liked the look of this photo.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(250X, LPCB*, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>) </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
* Lactophenol Cotton Blue Stain</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizD54d9Epb5w53892j4AWvrX6Th9MVUPK-MNzV4ulR7hG9lS97CALPN3xNPgsqr56kSq-rvG3bHrXxXsBolzVqJUO9Fudb_Q9mRJ_VBN9AgFaFonspNjpqEwAPQgw4df6q96hK5ZxUiIU/s1600/04B-+Chrysosporium+250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizD54d9Epb5w53892j4AWvrX6Th9MVUPK-MNzV4ulR7hG9lS97CALPN3xNPgsqr56kSq-rvG3bHrXxXsBolzVqJUO9Fudb_Q9mRJ_VBN9AgFaFonspNjpqEwAPQgw4df6q96hK5ZxUiIU/s400/04B-+Chrysosporium+250X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Chrysosporium</i> species - another<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2011/11/slide-culture-technique.html" target="_blank"> slide culture</a>. Picture a coverslip on a block of agar about a square centimeter in size. All along the four edges of the coverslip, the fungus is growing. Gently removing the coverslip from the agar block has some of the fungus adhering to the glass coverslip. Placing the coverslip onto a microscope slide that has a drop of Lactophenol Cotton Blue Stain on it. The right side of the above photo shows the edge that was against the agar block from which the fungus grew.</div>
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This slide shows the extensive branching mycelia with free and bound conida throughout.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(250X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuNiSm1E4yPoaADHx23kWrJQhPrB2Nqy_HHDAUmTlQLpSmCX97vQOAtFny3AT9cLPvPhn4Qa1j5eTvIoeC3hvVC9kLs5qgeDUGqwAXZRBVSTIzAkf8PLKxSbRs3PtehuiYWrhYcVJHlqU/s1600/05-+Chrysosporium+250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuNiSm1E4yPoaADHx23kWrJQhPrB2Nqy_HHDAUmTlQLpSmCX97vQOAtFny3AT9cLPvPhn4Qa1j5eTvIoeC3hvVC9kLs5qgeDUGqwAXZRBVSTIzAkf8PLKxSbRs3PtehuiYWrhYcVJHlqU/s400/05-+Chrysosporium+250X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Chrysosporium</i> species - hyphae and conidia still attached to the conidiophores and hyphae.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(250X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Qmn0ndWX1QR2yW7PbSlZNjVyJK12uwp8xP0F7il8HGnuGuJA72FC73WDaRupOwuXH9t7Ba_0EiAt7Q1OisCJpVy4cyN3ZMhqbJ6j-aNuVv-ed8I6PfG5aDqc0M2bToXd5zM5avxm0wg/s1600/06-+Chrysosporium+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Qmn0ndWX1QR2yW7PbSlZNjVyJK12uwp8xP0F7il8HGnuGuJA72FC73WDaRupOwuXH9t7Ba_0EiAt7Q1OisCJpVy4cyN3ZMhqbJ6j-aNuVv-ed8I6PfG5aDqc0M2bToXd5zM5avxm0wg/s400/06-+Chrysosporium+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Chrysosporium</i> species - <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Conidiophores may be 'ramified', forming
tree-like structures. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">(400X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI4rbKI_WZaHFyQU9dAgMJEKmBCOPnp16Ax0xYIhpiCgPy-3RSzSg8lpBYfjx8tm5PnENFjnJhxkiO1jyLhSVJWmXcQDJh-2BHpIUp04hoTflaguBuN-8zXWBqbiw-n9pFyprq7JvXFrw/s1600/07-+Chrysosporium+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI4rbKI_WZaHFyQU9dAgMJEKmBCOPnp16Ax0xYIhpiCgPy-3RSzSg8lpBYfjx8tm5PnENFjnJhxkiO1jyLhSVJWmXcQDJh-2BHpIUp04hoTflaguBuN-8zXWBqbiw-n9pFyprq7JvXFrw/s400/07-+Chrysosporium+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><i>Chrysosporium</i> species - conidia frequently stain more intensely than do the conidiophores which bear them or the hypha themselves.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">(100X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD8sumiFONz4GiTcCP2x6ZAsezDMFXWDwFGnloFMFh4djllV0WR9J1Qmb8NHD8kjTFeX4wupT9JLh_AjApMDWA43LqPVc_lYu2JWHrfh716ZKiMb23Pwu0OlOVq9waK1Jz8vPqC0bCRi8/s1600/08-+Chrysosporium+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD8sumiFONz4GiTcCP2x6ZAsezDMFXWDwFGnloFMFh4djllV0WR9J1Qmb8NHD8kjTFeX4wupT9JLh_AjApMDWA43LqPVc_lYu2JWHrfh716ZKiMb23Pwu0OlOVq9waK1Jz8vPqC0bCRi8/s400/08-+Chrysosporium+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><i>Chrysosporium</i> species - conidia may form short chains or develop as intercalary conidia (within the hyphae). Here (arrow) appears to show such a short chain or possibly intercalary conidia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXXmAvjtyLp-BRgoPK3exD2lItXpay4tc4BVZBqhzK1W9UFLD7w0M7_umP3SEBstaSFnRx7IhAq-yvF5YWBJw7nywdTYsLNuQq4fiO4Q0WBzMoNlE5-cZxbtyc6H60gKO2lUjiQQLMMfc/s1600/09-+Chrysosporium+400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXXmAvjtyLp-BRgoPK3exD2lItXpay4tc4BVZBqhzK1W9UFLD7w0M7_umP3SEBstaSFnRx7IhAq-yvF5YWBJw7nywdTYsLNuQq4fiO4Q0WBzMoNlE5-cZxbtyc6H60gKO2lUjiQQLMMfc/s400/09-+Chrysosporium+400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Chrysosporium</i> species - another example of what appears to be a chain of conidia or alternatively might be described as intercalary (within the hypha) conidia.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(400+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsWpu0RXZqExeoPBsvmb0E3RCIomH9ypOQCYt0qmfGhCAYbSGaaIsJHP17Ldl-43NFFDtbhr-L4qGdcNY6m7xlmfkNHfDXImOvorba_AFDx1tDe0HFOpYd6YUB60NlQF0A_z5tytZIvXQ/s1600/10-+Chrysosporium+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsWpu0RXZqExeoPBsvmb0E3RCIomH9ypOQCYt0qmfGhCAYbSGaaIsJHP17Ldl-43NFFDtbhr-L4qGdcNY6m7xlmfkNHfDXImOvorba_AFDx1tDe0HFOpYd6YUB60NlQF0A_z5tytZIvXQ/s400/10-+Chrysosporium+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Chrysosporium</i> species - <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>intercalary
conidia are sometimes formed and may appear as a cylindrical or barrel shaped
structure or may be seen as a bulge on only one side of the hyphae (arrows).</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge0I59QNSmzvFl9EmDf1yaJxNSqWmQraS31UHBcazqr198jv2dHNVdM4q9f4Pyau2hbHtGlqSVSFIwMppNw8iQ073mscx5WUtDPjhrdHlFc7MvIijsgC1BYn0vdBGAT4cZK85xtTvc060/s1600/11-+Chrysosporium+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge0I59QNSmzvFl9EmDf1yaJxNSqWmQraS31UHBcazqr198jv2dHNVdM4q9f4Pyau2hbHtGlqSVSFIwMppNw8iQ073mscx5WUtDPjhrdHlFc7MvIijsgC1BYn0vdBGAT4cZK85xtTvc060/s400/11-+Chrysosporium+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Chrysosporium</i> species -typical appearance.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6FgSbdiAbnAnPG7cGHbjKzmzPj3QrSoZp_hYXSsK5GMr_HHZiYTJ2RYceCkbP9Rbm-z-2BF5hWUkJORDZbI1OZHBXdAw80f88aqZFroKuEY51uP8XBT5G-v36DEsNzR2rkhA5_cUcaeI/s1600/12-+Chrysosporium+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6FgSbdiAbnAnPG7cGHbjKzmzPj3QrSoZp_hYXSsK5GMr_HHZiYTJ2RYceCkbP9Rbm-z-2BF5hWUkJORDZbI1OZHBXdAw80f88aqZFroKuEY51uP8XBT5G-v36DEsNzR2rkhA5_cUcaeI/s400/12-+Chrysosporium+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Chrysosporium</i> species - as above.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMs9uXpTZzSGrWQWnCkPUOcotdhOYVKTaaxHUSYtyuH4olpReN1xfwwFty35aBAFCTc0LLPzZy4aw8j4Pl2SXU1QyJiFwa3dSPS9CclJAaAZOOl9b8AGiaUDH4w5F7Ej8_SFl0vKGEnVc/s1600/13-+Chrysosporium+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMs9uXpTZzSGrWQWnCkPUOcotdhOYVKTaaxHUSYtyuH4olpReN1xfwwFty35aBAFCTc0LLPzZy4aw8j4Pl2SXU1QyJiFwa3dSPS9CclJAaAZOOl9b8AGiaUDH4w5F7Ej8_SFl0vKGEnVc/s400/13-+Chrysosporium+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Chrysosporium</i> species - another example.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisicwJjiqPY8xpgD3-jy_CZunyaUvQsKOFHxMcjGB6GoaAmly9rPZWtX65ufjPXhzOTiwUpSQl1DI4CXHOLl7OhmPUIoeoxaMuGN6mIsKsOWRfv6a_MKaT-EL8H8xyFlzwixFtE00_BJE/s1600/14-+Chrysosporium+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisicwJjiqPY8xpgD3-jy_CZunyaUvQsKOFHxMcjGB6GoaAmly9rPZWtX65ufjPXhzOTiwUpSQl1DI4CXHOLl7OhmPUIoeoxaMuGN6mIsKsOWRfv6a_MKaT-EL8H8xyFlzwixFtE00_BJE/s400/14-+Chrysosporium+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Chrysosporium</i> species</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(400X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNkDRptvCOk4uuvbZeE_qzacOq7oe9gQZXSjVyRbDZvA2dAuWBAzQTby_4Nv5k55IAo7cAx4tllv51aI49mh0RBT_tH6PQW4pnsgVjxaaAGaYf4cjQSLR9yeUczQiOELkTnaKs1nUnTaI/s1600/15-+Chrysosporium+400%252B10x.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNkDRptvCOk4uuvbZeE_qzacOq7oe9gQZXSjVyRbDZvA2dAuWBAzQTby_4Nv5k55IAo7cAx4tllv51aI49mh0RBT_tH6PQW4pnsgVjxaaAGaYf4cjQSLR9yeUczQiOELkTnaKs1nUnTaI/s400/15-+Chrysosporium+400%252B10x.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Chrysosporium</i> species - sometimes it is difficult to tell whether there is a chain of conidia, a true intercalary conidium or whether there are just overlapping conidiophores which give the appearance of chaining. (400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoF9ES9EA0Dk3Y21cxTMnNMICPx8Td63OC-E9ACV6bCpySaaJipGkrmBHEsFvLe-vqi_suAbqBju4PN2w5Xw45_e88duiP9cRGBxrRDnDZhNOVfsW5j9FGzJPyWAuA6M02wcQxl65DB5c/s1600/16-+Chrysosporium+400%252B10x.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoF9ES9EA0Dk3Y21cxTMnNMICPx8Td63OC-E9ACV6bCpySaaJipGkrmBHEsFvLe-vqi_suAbqBju4PN2w5Xw45_e88duiP9cRGBxrRDnDZhNOVfsW5j9FGzJPyWAuA6M02wcQxl65DB5c/s400/16-+Chrysosporium+400%252B10x.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Chrysosporium</i> species</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidM_Ok0Z7Q_HKQK9gMLWhwLl8c32F15IlSKwrTNgnfu_RIXWQ5Gzl9V1IMUtZVChqim5-uls_GcvP0aWXQBNkf4ADJlEnbA0n_sVgmIhSNuwFR7wr1mD_wbNhF9o4BS_OpASqJvrkJLIo/s1600/17-+Chrysosporium+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidM_Ok0Z7Q_HKQK9gMLWhwLl8c32F15IlSKwrTNgnfu_RIXWQ5Gzl9V1IMUtZVChqim5-uls_GcvP0aWXQBNkf4ADJlEnbA0n_sVgmIhSNuwFR7wr1mD_wbNhF9o4BS_OpASqJvrkJLIo/s400/17-+Chrysosporium+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Chrysosporium</i> species - conidia are rather thin walled (see center right of photo)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu6iUK34lXP64-TJMR8aMe3IJFV1HpkLz6kUdPwDjK55y_NHfN1H22iwIMHiz6N-LeeEndB9m2aERf9lr9zv7Da4jYa5Qt82eesZIisMNnd_gPKXSAfGJKrduSvU7usqAb-bokWClhDsc/s1600/18-+Chrysosporium+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu6iUK34lXP64-TJMR8aMe3IJFV1HpkLz6kUdPwDjK55y_NHfN1H22iwIMHiz6N-LeeEndB9m2aERf9lr9zv7Da4jYa5Qt82eesZIisMNnd_gPKXSAfGJKrduSvU7usqAb-bokWClhDsc/s400/18-+Chrysosporium+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Chrysosporium</i> species - oversaturation of the blue could not be effectively corrected with photo editing programs - then again, I just like this shot!</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwRShQF4qGzDDICT-gKh2LA2i_8vRSNVOGCpuIYOmNPjjBING99vnfoYKbTQufrwJT2KCC7OOvsv3DlG5J7kPGduZd0ERhfGVjBPERyH3bppqVxJi-jWM2589Nd5XlahHanzKnFtV7b1c/s1600/19-+Chrysosporium+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwRShQF4qGzDDICT-gKh2LA2i_8vRSNVOGCpuIYOmNPjjBING99vnfoYKbTQufrwJT2KCC7OOvsv3DlG5J7kPGduZd0ERhfGVjBPERyH3bppqVxJi-jWM2589Nd5XlahHanzKnFtV7b1c/s400/19-+Chrysosporium+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Chrysosporium</i> species - conidia are usually one-celled and about (2 – 9 X 3 – 13 µm).</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>) </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjppo_N-J6IvzknG2-NTXwD5GZsXrQ2lRb_A2iBrV3Mrokbulk726m_3f79uWxdv0ztSu-QG0UArbdRhkn1YY3b8F_UUAU4f5Ufc7iojxCcJf6Zvk91l_kun2DPJXu3RKckp77UZXvXDMU/s1600/20-+Chrysosporium+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjppo_N-J6IvzknG2-NTXwD5GZsXrQ2lRb_A2iBrV3Mrokbulk726m_3f79uWxdv0ztSu-QG0UArbdRhkn1YY3b8F_UUAU4f5Ufc7iojxCcJf6Zvk91l_kun2DPJXu3RKckp77UZXvXDMU/s400/20-+Chrysosporium+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Chrysosporium</i> species - conidia are clavate (club shaped) and have a round apex (far end) and a broad, flat base where attached to the conidiophore. Sources state that remnants of the attachment point (conidiophore) may remain attached to free conidia, however, I have not observed this in the photos I've taken. The separation of the conidia from the conidiophore appears to be quite clean.</div>
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Here also you can see that the conidiophores are minimally differentiated from the hypha itself. There is no uniquely recognizable,or elaborate structure to the conidiophores Conidiophores appear to have variable lengths. Condia appear to arise directly from the hyphae (sessile) and also may be on longer, simple or branched conidiophores.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic7VacZb0c3r2JyWyn2WrmB7NrzuCO56W7crtpu2saU6EQn9HlIM1mlueSRZJx6FQX26dQRCHp0YX6gBNZMXhXWfPWXnr20Set5twQtgFQXyLnX8np1L0V8Jq8rksJx3_RO6zqu4-Nz-o/s1600/21-+Chrysosporium+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic7VacZb0c3r2JyWyn2WrmB7NrzuCO56W7crtpu2saU6EQn9HlIM1mlueSRZJx6FQX26dQRCHp0YX6gBNZMXhXWfPWXnr20Set5twQtgFQXyLnX8np1L0V8Jq8rksJx3_RO6zqu4-Nz-o/s400/21-+Chrysosporium+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Chrysosporium</i> species - rather delicate looking conidiophores - like fine pedicile-like strands attaching the conidia to the hyphae. (1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiujvSmje3qY3SnEz89LpD-xTzFY32Y5_S6RKy_Zs8njnlvxkDeWcT8lUDOkdxgWLch6DsTTW6jqHU4UDjN72WVmcYlVzMRAqet8_BQhV3FhmEw4r6Zbx9NShibnbdg6uIMH5Jew6LF0N0/s1600/22-+Chrysosporium+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiujvSmje3qY3SnEz89LpD-xTzFY32Y5_S6RKy_Zs8njnlvxkDeWcT8lUDOkdxgWLch6DsTTW6jqHU4UDjN72WVmcYlVzMRAqet8_BQhV3FhmEw4r6Zbx9NShibnbdg6uIMH5Jew6LF0N0/s400/22-+Chrysosporium+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Chrysosporium</i> species - again, fine structured conidiophores attached to the tear-drop or clavate (club shaped) conidia. (400X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1XofUYA-X2Tmb82BJUXU5r8Oou_kFnoSxZAZK4NdDjFhc3iweEBUzYLKmB6kQS1c5BzEwHP_8aOhgEb2dzlvvH6uQ-fd1tylaJHz6J-WkxIMRmIrj5Xpw24vtS9Lz-y8-AEPibZtMuyw/s1600/23-+Chrysosporium+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1XofUYA-X2Tmb82BJUXU5r8Oou_kFnoSxZAZK4NdDjFhc3iweEBUzYLKmB6kQS1c5BzEwHP_8aOhgEb2dzlvvH6uQ-fd1tylaJHz6J-WkxIMRmIrj5Xpw24vtS9Lz-y8-AEPibZtMuyw/s400/23-+Chrysosporium+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Chrysosporium</i> species - conidia on conidiophores arising from all sides of the hyphal element.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, Nikon)</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIZX6iE4LiCBiTxQ3TuBc_QI5FFqV5mTwxT2TdqCz3jtbxXYsPhKhEpLNDJT09FKA0KEW1T8m6Gzuy-StLFHh7ev_OZG4d85Rgf4W1IMCR_rOnWx7XT4AZlLbjrQJvFQryuYjEUavlacE/s1600/24-+Chrysosporium+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIZX6iE4LiCBiTxQ3TuBc_QI5FFqV5mTwxT2TdqCz3jtbxXYsPhKhEpLNDJT09FKA0KEW1T8m6Gzuy-StLFHh7ev_OZG4d85Rgf4W1IMCR_rOnWx7XT4AZlLbjrQJvFQryuYjEUavlacE/s400/24-+Chrysosporium+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Chrysosporium</i> species - Last photo. Teardrop or clavate shaped conidia attached to septate hyphae via delicate, minimally differentiated conidiophores.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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</div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Physiology:</b></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chrysosporium</i>
is resistant to cycloheximide and therefore may be isolated on selective media
used for primary isolation of dermatophytes.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chrysosporium </i>is
urea positive.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Notes:</b></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chrysosporium</i>
species may develop branches diverging at 45ᵒ angles whereas the branches formed
by dermatophytes are borne at angles closer to 90ᵒ.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chrysosporium</i>
may produce conidia as short, terminal chains which are not seen in
dermatophytes.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Young cultures of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chrysosporium</i>
may be confused with Blastomyces dermatitidis however they are not thermally
dimorphic as is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Blastomyces</i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chrysosporium</i>
may also be confused with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emmonsia parva</i>,
however <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chrysosporium</i> does not
produce adiaconidia at 37ᵒC and some species fail to grow at 37ᵒC.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chrysosporium</i>
can be distinguished from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sporotrichum</i>
species as the latter spreads rapidly to cover the entire media surface, fails
to grow on cycloheximide, and usually forms abundant arthroconidia which may
break from the hyphae to form clusters.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
One source states that species which produce short terminal chains of conidia,
grouped in small tree-like clusters,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>are
now considered to belong to the genus <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Geomyces</i>
rather than <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chrysosporium</i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">* * *</span></span></b> </div>
Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-17428596017433334792015-09-27T12:10:00.000-04:002015-09-27T12:10:16.908-04:00Epidermophyton floccosum<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Epidermophyton floccosum</span></i></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span>(mould/dermatophyte)</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b>Note:</b> </span> <span style="color: #674ea7;">While I've had photos of <i>Epidermophyton floccosum</i> for some time now, I've never been satisfied with the quality of the microphotographs I've taken. I remain unsatisfied here. The photos for this and every other post contained in this blog were taken by myself on my own time, before or after regular work hours. Unfortunately I find myself so busy at times that my own projects take a distant back seat. Primary cultures sometimes may become contaminated or overgrown. Isolates may revert to a sterile form on repeated subculture, as in this case, before sufficient study. While I've obtained several isolates over the years, <i>E.floccosum</i> always seems to defeat my best efforts to obtain those "text book" quality photos. Time is running out...</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><b>Ecology:</b></span></span> </div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Epidermophyton floccosum</i> is a
cosmopolitan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(worldwide distribution)</i>
anthropophilic <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(man is the primary host
& reservoir) </i>dermatophyte <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a>
. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A once though related species,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Epidermophyton stockdaleae </i>has been
determined to be a synonym for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Trhycophyton
ajelloi</i> which exhibits no known pathogenicity to humans or animals</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pathogenicity:</b></span></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E.floccosum</i>
causes tinea pedis (athlete’s foot), tinea cruris (groin infections or
“jock-itch), and tinea corpis (body infections), and to a lesser extent
onychomycosis (nail infections). Skin infections are also known as “ring-worm”
though there is no ‘worm’ involved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Infection with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E.floccosum</i> may
be transmitted in gym facilities where unprotected feet may share a common
floor. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E.floccosum</i> rarely infects the
scalp and does not infect hair or hair follicles.</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Macroscopic
Morphology:</b></span></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E.floccosum</i> exhibits moderate growth, becoming mature in about 10 –
14 days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Surface colonies (media
influenced) have been described as mustard yellow or yellowish brown to
olive-grey (khaki) in colour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Colonies
can be powdery, velvety or felty in texture and acquire a folded appearance as
growth progresses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After prolonged
incubation, sterile floccose <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(hairy</i>)
white mycelia may cover the colony.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
reverse has been described as ochre, mustard-yellow to yellow-brown and even orange
in colour. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQUzYC-tZhzQ2C3rzvWpEYZ6myXRyj4bGDjZsMM8qqulhHQvZu-VQDZZY7HhvUj4noREAXK_A6O73QANy2WsEAxOPGtwUsmBNYpgg-o1EUBj1sozywGs5xop8TOtobdE3neQ9cSfh8qMA/s1600/00-+E_floccosum+SAB.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQUzYC-tZhzQ2C3rzvWpEYZ6myXRyj4bGDjZsMM8qqulhHQvZu-VQDZZY7HhvUj4noREAXK_A6O73QANy2WsEAxOPGtwUsmBNYpgg-o1EUBj1sozywGs5xop8TOtobdE3neQ9cSfh8qMA/s400/00-+E_floccosum+SAB.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>E.floccosum</i> -colony heaped up at center on SAB after 2 weeks at 30ᵒC <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">(Nikon)</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEictEagw-OYfGGeu1LJ0coA8X8_nt65HtGW6LIe7bIbehkirKrlPu_tFlo_y9VnswwlfWT3us2ZEoZlsqoQYAXexHhGiwEaX4UIA_wWi2ebdy-wu72e28B-4EVD2dd4w8q-z-Lgknokm90/s1600/01-+E_floccosum+SAB_14+Days.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEictEagw-OYfGGeu1LJ0coA8X8_nt65HtGW6LIe7bIbehkirKrlPu_tFlo_y9VnswwlfWT3us2ZEoZlsqoQYAXexHhGiwEaX4UIA_wWi2ebdy-wu72e28B-4EVD2dd4w8q-z-Lgknokm90/s400/01-+E_floccosum+SAB_14+Days.jpg" width="398" /></a></div>
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<i>E.floccosum</i> -colony on SAB (Saboraud Dextrose Agar) after 2 weeks at 30ᵒC (Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-AHENwhTJs16bWOZO3VGVDiQDl3np0zWpb3WA4X8FJAYXjfkWoZ1T5CdmVOWx0ghy2cI_tIiv00CZN4HqGZZZp6gictQ2FIuFoNOCEOSwr3Z03YRDShiYgElUVS2399I9vYEaP8NIo-4/s1600/02-+E_floccosum+SAB+3+Wks+-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="392" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-AHENwhTJs16bWOZO3VGVDiQDl3np0zWpb3WA4X8FJAYXjfkWoZ1T5CdmVOWx0ghy2cI_tIiv00CZN4HqGZZZp6gictQ2FIuFoNOCEOSwr3Z03YRDShiYgElUVS2399I9vYEaP8NIo-4/s400/02-+E_floccosum+SAB+3+Wks+-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>E.floccosum</i> -colony on SAB after 3 weeks at 30ᵒC <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">(Nikon)</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOJ8WmdaWu6wDE3tyCGkUilFK4y0r1WZZIdOBMgzSgQDufs4YGGffsyN4M5YBoFII77dMUcS1J3VIE4xrAe8rL88BZP9ygSksP-ecfCQlfvC6aUTbZiGjMwMl3dasOBZP5rec23fh_cOA/s1600/03-+E_floccosum+SAB+3Wks+-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="383" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOJ8WmdaWu6wDE3tyCGkUilFK4y0r1WZZIdOBMgzSgQDufs4YGGffsyN4M5YBoFII77dMUcS1J3VIE4xrAe8rL88BZP9ygSksP-ecfCQlfvC6aUTbZiGjMwMl3dasOBZP5rec23fh_cOA/s400/03-+E_floccosum+SAB+3Wks+-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>E.floccosum</i> -another colony on SAB after 3 weeks at 30ᵒC (Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAtrmA93x2VqpC-pLDkPJiFNafXwg8IveQg_BNi0fisFe7Zs4_bsjhnwAYmL37JLN_sGt2MfFdcSQW_OChA8m8ajZN-TjjsjsJxB9q8D4E1nwQbc3RAptFoRfn9ZHzkqQcCQteObaciiI/s1600/04-+E_floccosum+SAB+5Wks.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="396" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAtrmA93x2VqpC-pLDkPJiFNafXwg8IveQg_BNi0fisFe7Zs4_bsjhnwAYmL37JLN_sGt2MfFdcSQW_OChA8m8ajZN-TjjsjsJxB9q8D4E1nwQbc3RAptFoRfn9ZHzkqQcCQteObaciiI/s400/04-+E_floccosum+SAB+5Wks.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>E.floccosum</i> -yet another colony on SAB after 5 weeks at 30ᵒC.</div>
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Note: white floccose patches beginning to develop. (Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhExAc0asIbh524-GdmmLShbuQIdeY_olWTnsnm3W78CZ4Z4pAmkfrJIF2BdJ-Xz0U9BJI3wBKXjJ_xIef3TKc5uMPYO_zC5hfgqIk-WGMGbDx4zIVx_51WAiHqD0C-KHItf6jxdmZ7NFE/s1600/05-+E_floccosum+SAB.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="397" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhExAc0asIbh524-GdmmLShbuQIdeY_olWTnsnm3W78CZ4Z4pAmkfrJIF2BdJ-Xz0U9BJI3wBKXjJ_xIef3TKc5uMPYO_zC5hfgqIk-WGMGbDx4zIVx_51WAiHqD0C-KHItf6jxdmZ7NFE/s400/05-+E_floccosum+SAB.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>E.floccosum</i> -colony on SAB, 30ᵒC after repeated subcultures has developed white floccose patches which are areas of sterile hyphae. <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">(Nikon)</a> </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4mAirDYK7762b4hJZ4lrcPFA81CU0aCL6v3FLoDFot1V0fqY5wC6tiFVp3NV-2U4sDq7KJ3gJmrACktZPG8WFM6F37FJhGS7y4dQB23U6JI3sJjW0UONwsRi9XcTdLYlToBjosczfaGE/s1600/06-+E_floccusum+SAB+%2528Rev%2529+3Wks.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4mAirDYK7762b4hJZ4lrcPFA81CU0aCL6v3FLoDFot1V0fqY5wC6tiFVp3NV-2U4sDq7KJ3gJmrACktZPG8WFM6F37FJhGS7y4dQB23U6JI3sJjW0UONwsRi9XcTdLYlToBjosczfaGE/s200/06-+E_floccusum+SAB+%2528Rev%2529+3Wks.jpg" width="162" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Microscopic
Morphology:</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E.floccosum</i> has septate hyphae however microconidia are not
produced which differentiates it from the other genera of dermatophytes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Macroconidia develop as lateral or terminal
outgrowths from mature hyphae and initially lacks a basal septum. Rather thin
walled macroconidia (10 -40 µm X 6 – 12 µm) contain<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 2 to 5 cells </span>can occur singly
or in characteristic clusters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the
culture ages, macroconidia may transform into chlamydoconidia (chlamydospores) so
they are best observed earlier in growth. The macroconidia are smooth walled,
and clavate (club shaped) with a blunt tip.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This also differentiates it from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Microsporum</i>
and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Trichophyton</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Again, see endnote 1).</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Note:</b></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Stock cultures are best maintained on SAB
media with 3 – 5% sodium chloride.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
may reduce or prevent the isolate from becoming sterile.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha2L8o0rhUoqLNQdaUH34JwUM_YYRkf1mPQEZPvt-Cz8fIJ9NpbhyphenhyphenJRQ6osxjg3NWIo7K1LCYKt8Uucn7nAX5GtliMjvlC4etr5jT9KeJtzjDSCh_v-HkE-xkz55oe-d1Y2rFvTUHQXvE/s1600/07-+E_floccosum.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha2L8o0rhUoqLNQdaUH34JwUM_YYRkf1mPQEZPvt-Cz8fIJ9NpbhyphenhyphenJRQ6osxjg3NWIo7K1LCYKt8Uucn7nAX5GtliMjvlC4etr5jT9KeJtzjDSCh_v-HkE-xkz55oe-d1Y2rFvTUHQXvE/s400/07-+E_floccosum.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>E.floccosum</i> - a first look at low power.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(100X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>) </div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-8Cc9eQLc2L7CXdo9vmSX3pzpUtfU7upVPzVWAKz7UE5XbX-4o7EZRUKFtNSZoVG39eCk4O4GswZgPla_H4UkHVuV6hZTO6-aLBurkD2D22cfowtK6sSPhCU0E-9WPnXKsC_q2QNbQdI/s1600/08-+E_floccosum.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-8Cc9eQLc2L7CXdo9vmSX3pzpUtfU7upVPzVWAKz7UE5XbX-4o7EZRUKFtNSZoVG39eCk4O4GswZgPla_H4UkHVuV6hZTO6-aLBurkD2D22cfowtK6sSPhCU0E-9WPnXKsC_q2QNbQdI/s400/08-+E_floccosum.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>E.floccosum - </i>Slightly higher magnification reveals the macroconidia more clearly.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(250X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqzlvo4KeycFGw6M6tyhdirLHanFptQYgq74IKwW9uzi0san_muEa-WdG-Auk-t7jq9uGVJUbwAh0EYIxXcoE3FtMR15AKkjxBo7UVm7CSnxiM6X-kjfNbfuPnnKdmn_V8djpbJ1seI-0/s1600/09-+E_floccusum+250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqzlvo4KeycFGw6M6tyhdirLHanFptQYgq74IKwW9uzi0san_muEa-WdG-Auk-t7jq9uGVJUbwAh0EYIxXcoE3FtMR15AKkjxBo7UVm7CSnxiM6X-kjfNbfuPnnKdmn_V8djpbJ1seI-0/s400/09-+E_floccusum+250X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>E.floccosum - </i>as above, numerous club shaped macroconidia are clearly seen.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(250X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLrJh6lWw-Y9sw0hIAo5rZDMHB-TXKFoMN5SSGziUdvyDln4kO4fgq8TiBYlTIzo4I6dLQzjkersbLWvLjMPpHiuAa3r7Mc4VBxZTVfNpMpZWZDmulC-sHL8yo7rCuY2q_tQd6pvpdY1g/s1600/10-+E_floccosum+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLrJh6lWw-Y9sw0hIAo5rZDMHB-TXKFoMN5SSGziUdvyDln4kO4fgq8TiBYlTIzo4I6dLQzjkersbLWvLjMPpHiuAa3r7Mc4VBxZTVfNpMpZWZDmulC-sHL8yo7rCuY2q_tQd6pvpdY1g/s400/10-+E_floccosum+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>E.floccosum -</i> club shaped macroconidia with internal septations.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSXeBbprwhBtFE-O3LmZfflHdX_TR4H9MTJ0io2rGTG2Ky060MGTN1KjK34i6XU-04AlgW2rR53ORP-uyC3DfUgYn6EddGV2W57qoJZa3xNbHuPh7uEf2Zq9GPevkJVHWMRNRWIHTDlTw/s1600/11-+E_floccosum+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSXeBbprwhBtFE-O3LmZfflHdX_TR4H9MTJ0io2rGTG2Ky060MGTN1KjK34i6XU-04AlgW2rR53ORP-uyC3DfUgYn6EddGV2W57qoJZa3xNbHuPh7uEf2Zq9GPevkJVHWMRNRWIHTDlTw/s400/11-+E_floccosum+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>E.floccosum -</i> club shaped macroconidia with internal septations.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2mcfc93tgOOZgeubH5PzQ8n81qim1yBFINUX6URPK8ZbyWf0E2pXkH1jhgQFBDIDDYHKTTyDPpR91X3_a57xyBFDaQuXKcUePyx-aKGYsw_9flscvaaHhtLeGse_uUhy5RG94p3A3CT8/s1600/13-+E_floccosum+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2mcfc93tgOOZgeubH5PzQ8n81qim1yBFINUX6URPK8ZbyWf0E2pXkH1jhgQFBDIDDYHKTTyDPpR91X3_a57xyBFDaQuXKcUePyx-aKGYsw_9flscvaaHhtLeGse_uUhy5RG94p3A3CT8/s400/13-+E_floccosum+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>E.floccosum -</i> club shaped macroconidia with internal and basal septations.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, D<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">MD-108</a>)</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZDSo4OCq8WbeJMgOMM6gWtiMBnUVenzYqs7mHfWdCoRunbd2NcPM_-rIsHJ0cKvSkzOP39F164y7m_i7k3NhcgqXDJJL8yVE4z31MzeNv5NdKWLTFQqz5Sru3O4RiAjrA6VSne4tESSI/s1600/14-+E_floccosum+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZDSo4OCq8WbeJMgOMM6gWtiMBnUVenzYqs7mHfWdCoRunbd2NcPM_-rIsHJ0cKvSkzOP39F164y7m_i7k3NhcgqXDJJL8yVE4z31MzeNv5NdKWLTFQqz5Sru3O4RiAjrA6VSne4tESSI/s400/14-+E_floccosum+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>E.floccosum -</i> again, club shaped macroconidia with internal septations. My isolates tended to produce single macroconidia over the grouped macroconidia where several macroconidia crowd each other growing out from the same area of the hypha.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXboxG9HFso-DW9xTa8Q91drZaHjgX1qVcVlUIqJFii-QwSznTt_1X3pVkgL4pecvvDoqjmbTp7rOe4-R-F4Jz77Jx4hcEuKUK3zSQaH2Qgv4Yx-q64EFte2lbtmqgXF04LlaZ6s59Fwc/s1600/15-+E_floccosum+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXboxG9HFso-DW9xTa8Q91drZaHjgX1qVcVlUIqJFii-QwSznTt_1X3pVkgL4pecvvDoqjmbTp7rOe4-R-F4Jz77Jx4hcEuKUK3zSQaH2Qgv4Yx-q64EFte2lbtmqgXF04LlaZ6s59Fwc/s400/15-+E_floccosum+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>E.floccosum -</i> a single macroconidium. Note that in this and other microphotographs in of <i>E.floccosum</i>, there are no microconidia.The lack of microconidia is one feature which distinguishes <i>E.floccosum</i> from other dermatophytes.</div>
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(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVZGiex5B9anuYe0LyACnslETr1ERoDvz2PXjj2ha3ZgY0z5Az-voA-bu1wa4rEf0ZOF5HLp39_MbOOtXlvklUiWEFSCK7cza_2qGS51_Xd9cxseGHUGPLpSNInLVBgFj0xD2yTbB-jDw/s1600/16-+E_floccosum+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVZGiex5B9anuYe0LyACnslETr1ERoDvz2PXjj2ha3ZgY0z5Az-voA-bu1wa4rEf0ZOF5HLp39_MbOOtXlvklUiWEFSCK7cza_2qGS51_Xd9cxseGHUGPLpSNInLVBgFj0xD2yTbB-jDw/s400/16-+E_floccosum+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>E.floccosum -</i> several macroconidia.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTocNsC4U0PTMbe9xlu69Vj3YYb3BNJJRVc-fPhBNnIyogLinGOWHw2yCnbdqnInunK38HRP_lywu68RrzwjK0pL2-2JTFH6n7EMTJ6iREZG8cvfshEWsnW3lhyFkxkIVo_ArdDQE3r9A/s1600/17-+E_floccosum+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTocNsC4U0PTMbe9xlu69Vj3YYb3BNJJRVc-fPhBNnIyogLinGOWHw2yCnbdqnInunK38HRP_lywu68RrzwjK0pL2-2JTFH6n7EMTJ6iREZG8cvfshEWsnW3lhyFkxkIVo_ArdDQE3r9A/s400/17-+E_floccosum+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>E.floccosum -</i> a single mature macroconidium.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEcfIvgpHOVd7MmfvQRHrNkSs_6rfXFdoGrPYS9v2jeQedkn9Om_t5fKJsognm_3GIG-Yu6eE5Fv0U4n8kTFUiGmO4hPn86FwP0-NyZefh6rj7omNvSiFs5Kw9w-2KVQV-itgqN_drlC4/s1600/18-+E_floccosum+400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEcfIvgpHOVd7MmfvQRHrNkSs_6rfXFdoGrPYS9v2jeQedkn9Om_t5fKJsognm_3GIG-Yu6eE5Fv0U4n8kTFUiGmO4hPn86FwP0-NyZefh6rj7omNvSiFs5Kw9w-2KVQV-itgqN_drlC4/s400/18-+E_floccosum+400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>E.floccosum -</i> a single mature macroconidium with a curious little kink in it's side.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxQQej47Q0DskElrZdh9RxP0zhmRgXMvMVUDYkCFeQfrQRvzaUwnzIFfNBr6KQOwXuvitpT-f3AI3uDJEHbKSuBYbcxhwnkTTwhXMUzGIHEPDu3KRvWzSb6JjPVtV90HO2yVmubGyhDFY/s1600/20-+E_floccosum+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxQQej47Q0DskElrZdh9RxP0zhmRgXMvMVUDYkCFeQfrQRvzaUwnzIFfNBr6KQOwXuvitpT-f3AI3uDJEHbKSuBYbcxhwnkTTwhXMUzGIHEPDu3KRvWzSb6JjPVtV90HO2yVmubGyhDFY/s400/20-+E_floccosum+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>E.floccosum -</i> macroconidium measures 35.18<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> µm in length.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">This was obviously an <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2012/06/adhesive-tape-preparation-for.html" target="_blank">adhesive tape preparation</a> which may trap air bubbles or even reveal uneven adhesive application which may detract from the photograph. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoTBrc95JGA4cuCmt3Di77Y_3hz8a7wYtLWnRWYV_w5wJOyGoPHWhFcfkLvdOwdFtS98i7gPqloi3VsMMe7UOgkp5B9X5E9xRvkxol2WU3ArgsAREK6oxtd_9tzYdlnNL55O-zXFiPuxE/s1600/19-+E_floccosum+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoTBrc95JGA4cuCmt3Di77Y_3hz8a7wYtLWnRWYV_w5wJOyGoPHWhFcfkLvdOwdFtS98i7gPqloi3VsMMe7UOgkp5B9X5E9xRvkxol2WU3ArgsAREK6oxtd_9tzYdlnNL55O-zXFiPuxE/s400/19-+E_floccosum+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>E.floccosum -</i> club shaped macroconidia. I have this photo recorded as taken at 400X which is confirmed by the micron bar in the upper right. However, the macroconidia seem extremely large for this magnification if compared to previous photos at 1000X. The same goes for the photo which follows. Curious...</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(400X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEDBDXhAGdStFG87g06NEAeA06NVCeOWaWdmNs8QLa6plOKUwSFZT94GDw0kl9BKOEmx3hN-ZNf20Li7iist3FKqnjSHFS_qhwfYe4uxucpJGs9iR-4TOWjnuENsoIxCEM_XhFOfRtSWA/s1600/21_+E_floccosum+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEDBDXhAGdStFG87g06NEAeA06NVCeOWaWdmNs8QLa6plOKUwSFZT94GDw0kl9BKOEmx3hN-ZNf20Li7iist3FKqnjSHFS_qhwfYe4uxucpJGs9iR-4TOWjnuENsoIxCEM_XhFOfRtSWA/s400/21_+E_floccosum+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>E.floccosum -</i> numerous club shaped macroconidia as above. </div>
(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjodPbmmnTOEqTslYYO9eNRO5bNiZi29oEqkSA9jS5wLOquP6gmFt5ILo77BHjFEIJ26WudTPn2g9-NDYBcYs5hYq5ZCHRmsYS9inqdFCboXBNndNqUcN-p78L1pot_ePd1Th1tYL1zyjc/s1600/22-+E_floccosum+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjodPbmmnTOEqTslYYO9eNRO5bNiZi29oEqkSA9jS5wLOquP6gmFt5ILo77BHjFEIJ26WudTPn2g9-NDYBcYs5hYq5ZCHRmsYS9inqdFCboXBNndNqUcN-p78L1pot_ePd1Th1tYL1zyjc/s400/22-+E_floccosum+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>E.floccosum -</i> this photo was taken from a culture that was just over three weeks old. Numerous roundish chlamydospores have developed. Again, compare the micron bar in the upper right to the previous photo which shows identical magnification yet the macroconidia vary greatly is size.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8Uce5UH5XybMLYXphNT6DbB6Ga_fdH1GvhyphenhyphenS1DCofUPJXUgUlG8PLZFOn2CJr-HjcoSgNaU0xi7bSKxohYqOxqtRhpTiM66JpqU_JzTcQTEjKouNZedVArqs7Y5nlFOkl7rChL_a2McY/s1600/23-+E_floccosum+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8Uce5UH5XybMLYXphNT6DbB6Ga_fdH1GvhyphenhyphenS1DCofUPJXUgUlG8PLZFOn2CJr-HjcoSgNaU0xi7bSKxohYqOxqtRhpTiM66JpqU_JzTcQTEjKouNZedVArqs7Y5nlFOkl7rChL_a2McY/s400/23-+E_floccosum+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>E.floccosum -</i> macroconidia and chlamydospores present in this adhesive tape preparation</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic7NpTre_r3B60hh_9cGGqAXQzBzSPgoJarVoSsJ84Fa2uDprYW_21ZlsV9VsNuhKnnQTJdpeWmv1W_0BhnczuYHGlTZ6bCHDJN19Mxn-L1TMTNMUz-2UEp4mXj3Olf5ru8ldozoVq_jE/s1600/24-+E_floccosum+500X.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic7NpTre_r3B60hh_9cGGqAXQzBzSPgoJarVoSsJ84Fa2uDprYW_21ZlsV9VsNuhKnnQTJdpeWmv1W_0BhnczuYHGlTZ6bCHDJN19Mxn-L1TMTNMUz-2UEp4mXj3Olf5ru8ldozoVq_jE/s400/24-+E_floccosum+500X.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>E.floccosum -</i> macroconidia on prolonged culture. Some sources say that arthroconidia may also develop, however, I have never observed them in my older <i>E.floccosum</i> cultures.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(500X, LPCB, Nikon)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCpCdQlYCU_o7VJXKVDR3bkXQeXRbC2oi5nXL2JX27-PbOJqEaUojMoLEJyQXObzHB5yWcF6OHmpS-mqnV4zHl-7W4wFDeILeWqTW1bGGPv4K1L2gYh2LP1RugV42lubruoEepj5yoKkE/s1600/25-+E_floccosum+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCpCdQlYCU_o7VJXKVDR3bkXQeXRbC2oi5nXL2JX27-PbOJqEaUojMoLEJyQXObzHB5yWcF6OHmpS-mqnV4zHl-7W4wFDeILeWqTW1bGGPv4K1L2gYh2LP1RugV42lubruoEepj5yoKkE/s400/25-+E_floccosum+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>E.floccosum -</i> finger-like group of macroconidia.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>) </div>
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<br /></div>
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<div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a> <span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Dermatophyte</b></span> – fungi which thrive on
keratin for growth therefore they primarily infect skin, hair and nails
depending on the genera and species.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Epidermophyton</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Microsporum</i> and<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Trichophyton</i>
are dermatophytes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Epidermophyton</i> had macroconidia that are clavate (club shaped)
while <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Microsporum</i> produces fusiform
(spindle shaped) macroconidia and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Trichophyton</i>
possesses cylindrical or ‘cigar-shaped’ macroconidia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E.floccosum</i>
does not produce microconida which also serves to differentiate it from the
other dermatophytes.</div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;">* * * </span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-84373517788184412812015-08-22T20:38:00.003-04:002022-09-19T09:01:56.467-04:00Emmonsia pasteuriana<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Emmonsia pasteuriana</span></i></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #674ea7;">Note:</span></b> <span style="color: #674ea7;">I've held back on uploading this particular post only because I'm not satisfied with the quality of the photographs I've taken. It is unlikely that I will come across another strain of this fungus in my career so I will post it at this time hoping any readers will understand.</span> </div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Emmonsia</span></i></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"> species:</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Emmonsia</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> currently consists of three
species<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">: </b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E.parva, E.crescens </i>&<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">
E.pasteuriana.</i></span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ecology:</b></span> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Emmonsia</i> is a cosmopolitan soil saprobe
(found just about in all temperate climates and lives of decaying organic
matter).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has been isolated from a
variety of mammalian species, particularly small rodents.</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pathogenicity:</b></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emmonsia
parva</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emmonsia crescens</i> are
the etiologic agents of adiaspiromycosis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Usually this presents as an asymptomatic pulmonary infection in animals,
and more recently in immunocompromised humans after the inhalation of the
fungal spores. Lung biopsy may be necessary to diagnose the illness as the
organisms may not be present in sputa or bronchial alveolar lavages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dissemination of the infection may occur more
readily in immunocompromised hosts. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E.crescens
</i>is more commonly isolated from humans while <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E.parva</i> is isolated more often from animals.</div>
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Reports of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E.pasteuriana</i>
have increased in recent years, presenting as disseminated cutaneous (skin)
mycosis in persons with underlying AIDS infections<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unlike <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E.parva</i>
and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E.crescens</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E.pasteuriana</i> does not produce adiaconidia and therefore does not
cause adiaspiromycosis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>E. pasteuriana</i>
appears as yeast in infected tissue.</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emmonsia pasteuriana:</i></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq_wHfXTCbU0Q_vqdlWUJ1yTjyw9XdffU6v5rGyqMLbgriybhlPq9tD9nvxOsYVy8lnFi564IeR6FnsrnFkNMAQ12TCkflqT5AaA8q3igfdDJdA0avQZChxpYso-c3a9YEvovD9VouOv8/s1600/01-+E_pasteuriana+SAB++30C+1Mo+%2528Rev%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq_wHfXTCbU0Q_vqdlWUJ1yTjyw9XdffU6v5rGyqMLbgriybhlPq9tD9nvxOsYVy8lnFi564IeR6FnsrnFkNMAQ12TCkflqT5AaA8q3igfdDJdA0avQZChxpYso-c3a9YEvovD9VouOv8/s200/01-+E_pasteuriana+SAB++30C+1Mo+%2528Rev%2529.jpg" width="180" /></a>The following description is for an isolate resembling <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emmonsia pasteuriana.</i></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">Macroscopic
Morphology:</span> </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E.pasteuriana</i> exhibits slow to moderate growth at 30ᵒC, with a
colony diameter of about 25mm after 10 days and 60mm after 21 days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The colony appeared velvety to powdery in
texture with folded, wrinkled, or cerebriform surface contours. The colony
spontaneously acquired splits in the surface as it aged (see photo) The colony
was primarily white in colour and remained so while some sources state that it
may develop a light brown colour as it ages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The colony produced no diffusible pigment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The reverse was tan or light brown in colour.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZWk2VLZNDI0sUJJI7Tki-c0tkWXe0xqhygJ4FblVlDvUaSol0LTTFuAoWrIEk4JOveQAkumc5jAY2xl9DYFNBPgttdC2bmt0XOS5j3lQfn31LltX1x1htc1c_LUns77xu9c15vKdlu18/s1600/00-+E_pasteuriana+SAB++30C+1Mo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="390" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZWk2VLZNDI0sUJJI7Tki-c0tkWXe0xqhygJ4FblVlDvUaSol0LTTFuAoWrIEk4JOveQAkumc5jAY2xl9DYFNBPgttdC2bmt0XOS5j3lQfn31LltX1x1htc1c_LUns77xu9c15vKdlu18/s400/00-+E_pasteuriana+SAB++30C+1Mo.jpg" width="400" /> </a></div>
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<i> Emmonsia pasteuriana</i> - Saboraud-Dextrose Agar. The splits in the colony were created by the growth and not by any prodding of my own. (SAB), 30ᵒC, 1 Month. (<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkl99uc_hifkn2kzIcCfIT68SmtPNQmfN_deZ2wyvhsCwRIVWil00hbzpEYHyWijOP4Z8L3BuwuPtQDH9xgekVM_MOZGL6lbsRFZk0W2R9Luju2qROMHZ8nQqRzLlxcL4pdoQJx49T1rI/s1600/02-+E_pasteuriana+Dermasil_30C.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkl99uc_hifkn2kzIcCfIT68SmtPNQmfN_deZ2wyvhsCwRIVWil00hbzpEYHyWijOP4Z8L3BuwuPtQDH9xgekVM_MOZGL6lbsRFZk0W2R9Luju2qROMHZ8nQqRzLlxcL4pdoQJx49T1rI/s400/02-+E_pasteuriana+Dermasil_30C.jpg" width="395" /></a></div>
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<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana</i> - Dermasel® agar, 30ᵒC, ~18 Days. (Nikon)</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Microscopic
Morphology:</b></span><b> </b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emmonsia
pasteuriana</i> is a dimorphic fungus meaning it can exhibit the filamentous
fungus form at one temperature and the yeast form at another.</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Filamentous form:</b></span>
This isolate produce septate, hyaline (non-pigmented) hyphae of about 1.0 to 1.3
µm diameter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thin-walled, slightly
verruculose (minutely verrucose or warty), globose to sub-globose (round-ish) conidia
(2 – 3 µm X 3 – 4 µm) are formed on slender (0.4 – 0.5 µm) pedicles (stalks) or
at the apex of inflated cells. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Initially
a conidium may be found at the end of a delicate pedicle which may then develop
further to form four to eight pedicles with conidia, establishing a ‘floret’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Additional sessile or broad-based verrucose
(warty) conidia may also be present.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_0O-jtStvPHAdeAzWiy9TnpcT0yxaPIPdCXN9OITnwqCch31mQKndBnU7h_hJXQG1oWlhdj0npPRN1-HWYlpMoHimkKX2wlx5YsLqkmCmUkpEY_vgJuz1-MHcU0nkpOaTye_jQq3SJj0/s1600/03-E_pasteuriana+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_0O-jtStvPHAdeAzWiy9TnpcT0yxaPIPdCXN9OITnwqCch31mQKndBnU7h_hJXQG1oWlhdj0npPRN1-HWYlpMoHimkKX2wlx5YsLqkmCmUkpEY_vgJuz1-MHcU0nkpOaTye_jQq3SJj0/s400/03-E_pasteuriana+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana</i> - hyphae with conidia visible throughout.</div>
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(400X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>) </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6jU1vW2rDPU3P0ATg6rq0uQ4x9JypqJlC1k0ksSSwTIgNU55ktD1_AjWBVkmPr8SUeCZl_6RIdEoUc_PFxdpZGehDbjGkIC8Pqc32v95cryD0lk6uaMxidrI1hNRpgOQLEjeX6sPXNmI/s1600/04-+E_pasteuriana+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6jU1vW2rDPU3P0ATg6rq0uQ4x9JypqJlC1k0ksSSwTIgNU55ktD1_AjWBVkmPr8SUeCZl_6RIdEoUc_PFxdpZGehDbjGkIC8Pqc32v95cryD0lk6uaMxidrI1hNRpgOQLEjeX6sPXNmI/s400/04-+E_pasteuriana+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana</i> - Globose to sub-globose (round-ish) conidia. They are generally found at the end of a delicate pedicile (stem) which can barely be seen at this magnification. A few more photos to follow of much the same as this is this really was my first impression of this fungus and what clued me into what it might be.</div>
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(400X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiosdVHlTyxJ-nFLygne1ppy4WaCnhRasNyzU8oTa8G79ptOkeLSQZZsclttm-rO4DZdgyD6sjAdT9kJiIXGBEKASjWVodLHxWcts0u1y-bWwz8GixLEeTxeHqweidOv23eyrmkjCVtMxY/s1600/05-+E_pasteuriana+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiosdVHlTyxJ-nFLygne1ppy4WaCnhRasNyzU8oTa8G79ptOkeLSQZZsclttm-rO4DZdgyD6sjAdT9kJiIXGBEKASjWVodLHxWcts0u1y-bWwz8GixLEeTxeHqweidOv23eyrmkjCVtMxY/s400/05-+E_pasteuriana+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana</i> - ditto. Numerous conidia formed.</div>
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(400X, LPCB, Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicjFSNuoQtajvcoEps8vcxTM2kA2EpZ98r1FblKXeP8FnRYE6eaB7iYgwWQ_bz8zhBEGpvZlc3rUMx2Di47s8ifSnBGjEUd2T00l8kRenfqKRTcGqp1z_Qd1q6j92TuwLyzocG3TNM7Vs/s1600/06-+E_pasteuriana+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicjFSNuoQtajvcoEps8vcxTM2kA2EpZ98r1FblKXeP8FnRYE6eaB7iYgwWQ_bz8zhBEGpvZlc3rUMx2Di47s8ifSnBGjEUd2T00l8kRenfqKRTcGqp1z_Qd1q6j92TuwLyzocG3TNM7Vs/s400/06-+E_pasteuriana+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana</i> - another as previously, but here in this photo there may be evidence of the conidia occuring in small bunches, each on its own pedicile branching off from a central delicate pedicile. (400X, LPCB, Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5fUJOAABkFNL9Ju6LuNWyzk8FyKPZLZzVPxPqZ7SmceTlwMKw_j5MfEtnhTqhrIDoXsdTG9Wpf0ewQpIhEyBMycPk9wfYH34fBQdb0_JwpP_RmTnhkx69oXyjiMcQa9C66zBb8dtQ5lA/s1600/07-+E_pasteuriana+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5fUJOAABkFNL9Ju6LuNWyzk8FyKPZLZzVPxPqZ7SmceTlwMKw_j5MfEtnhTqhrIDoXsdTG9Wpf0ewQpIhEyBMycPk9wfYH34fBQdb0_JwpP_RmTnhkx69oXyjiMcQa9C66zBb8dtQ5lA/s400/07-+E_pasteuriana+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana </i>-small conidia occuring in bunches (as previously)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0i1bIjxH6SPX9yFh9kAI7E1azU7-mf-Z7PBD4yEUUiAKFkEYeb-4Xwi-zdmpp9XQss8woHsVhvhRlGOKWLI8A1WwPNO5bJde6UxCW2Gl4gSYD35hKJ1j7BP-G3gcgRymuzZSiigZ9mYQ/s1600/08-+E_pasteuriana+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0i1bIjxH6SPX9yFh9kAI7E1azU7-mf-Z7PBD4yEUUiAKFkEYeb-4Xwi-zdmpp9XQss8woHsVhvhRlGOKWLI8A1WwPNO5bJde6UxCW2Gl4gSYD35hKJ1j7BP-G3gcgRymuzZSiigZ9mYQ/s400/08-+E_pasteuriana+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana </i>- and another.</div>
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(400X, LPCB, Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFJqDpb048cAdHMPX1F6yl0OZuKoUveNIZBYdg16hli_W6D7oTVp8o2x3WB2MXUDrKUJT3w7aedzdPjQ5EMkPVCnbxEfOZdArSiTho_azaMGuf4C-ZbCZOMxwSR5KggjrlhijSuJ356U8/s1600/09-+E_pasteuriana+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFJqDpb048cAdHMPX1F6yl0OZuKoUveNIZBYdg16hli_W6D7oTVp8o2x3WB2MXUDrKUJT3w7aedzdPjQ5EMkPVCnbxEfOZdArSiTho_azaMGuf4C-ZbCZOMxwSR5KggjrlhijSuJ356U8/s400/09-+E_pasteuriana+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana </i>-at a higher magnification, the rather round (globose) or 'round-ish' (sub-globose) conidia can be seen with a couple at the end of a pedicile (stem or stalk) and one (center-left) which may be growing directly from the hypha (sessile).</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLL1qMogs_8W6exS8y00axuhfymbXIQr__j6c9hMMMlwIEA9f01_0U4w62vncGBfduKa4BcTPbOfl6CryXYQ9PF3MnPb8odGV0oZUcBxhJWIVyEDljQIISWKpzDVcOxFuib9PC_cPW56E/s1600/10-+E_pasteuriana+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLL1qMogs_8W6exS8y00axuhfymbXIQr__j6c9hMMMlwIEA9f01_0U4w62vncGBfduKa4BcTPbOfl6CryXYQ9PF3MnPb8odGV0oZUcBxhJWIVyEDljQIISWKpzDVcOxFuib9PC_cPW56E/s400/10-+E_pasteuriana+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana </i>-small clusters of conidia.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpfzRYgmkMCMeQZMcDG6HhOru6-3X_1DjHAEmRgUIm6aX0Mqt7EhD21LShMBC956rGAlYLGMx5tcf-pdPmlQnRcb4Rk7mM_kGeB8hLdsgwR16GjpM-97OAia3mus_91MNC8NlSjLU8wNE/s1600/11-+E_pasteuriana+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpfzRYgmkMCMeQZMcDG6HhOru6-3X_1DjHAEmRgUIm6aX0Mqt7EhD21LShMBC956rGAlYLGMx5tcf-pdPmlQnRcb4Rk7mM_kGeB8hLdsgwR16GjpM-97OAia3mus_91MNC8NlSjLU8wNE/s400/11-+E_pasteuriana+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana </i>- as above. It was my impression of the tiny, round conidia attached by a delicate pedicile which directed me to the identity.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbLSVtmECEFdWn3t88rra9Pa6EMpqyNnhyicgAwMKEOxXB6vMMUDmz15uGQgN4HkwNi3M3QAY74QiUkSudHQ-B9y_Sr5QVM9rpvZOdf8xl6eN_GUcxSK6CwpSpPr11k5s57ODwDgyEhKU/s1600/12-+E_pasteuriana+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbLSVtmECEFdWn3t88rra9Pa6EMpqyNnhyicgAwMKEOxXB6vMMUDmz15uGQgN4HkwNi3M3QAY74QiUkSudHQ-B9y_Sr5QVM9rpvZOdf8xl6eN_GUcxSK6CwpSpPr11k5s57ODwDgyEhKU/s400/12-+E_pasteuriana+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana </i>- a solitary conidium at the end of a pedicile is seen in this photo (inset)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI6CDRkd_gjjrJoULsIjlSiFyWjobt53FswHDOzQXJQbOsGuCF4DpvG7kPtWjZue6Hwfq69rlcABXkvTehNrR8TEudXjRiSqQexebqsHNKhwlHXBQaJApRuN8cGONeytQVNDdtEUOtobM/s1600/13-+E_pasteuriana+400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI6CDRkd_gjjrJoULsIjlSiFyWjobt53FswHDOzQXJQbOsGuCF4DpvG7kPtWjZue6Hwfq69rlcABXkvTehNrR8TEudXjRiSqQexebqsHNKhwlHXBQaJApRuN8cGONeytQVNDdtEUOtobM/s400/13-+E_pasteuriana+400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><i>Emmonsia pasteuriana </i>- Initially
a conidium may be found at the end of a delicate pedicle (see above) which may then develop
further to form four to eight pedicles with conidia, establishing a ‘floret’. Here we see more distinctly what is described as a 'floret' (inset).</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR_nST6wyuE8XUzc20bC67EfZiTIILhkHrCRVu49eU_e9p5Bp4Zi6WKW5cHgenR5TEwnoS5093Otcb33DPAF1PyLG84pNgDX59ALSa5pPOhX9BC8R62gaFLD2xOvqyS0nA_eTIZfYYAeM/s1600/14-+E_pasteuriana+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR_nST6wyuE8XUzc20bC67EfZiTIILhkHrCRVu49eU_e9p5Bp4Zi6WKW5cHgenR5TEwnoS5093Otcb33DPAF1PyLG84pNgDX59ALSa5pPOhX9BC8R62gaFLD2xOvqyS0nA_eTIZfYYAeM/s400/14-+E_pasteuriana+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana </i>-a very good example of the 'floret', usually composed of between 4 to 8 conidia at the end of the slender delicate and slender (0.4 – 0.5 µm) pedicles.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-o92xb5b3gbDtkZHPdT6RvEAM8GCCc3pnK3m_zI_pym5_4P1oFznbDUUyOwKD1_cIb-KLHGdzl5OaiIiR5PyTs_C9ra_v55mHhXM57SOCXwPkXcK_cX_jV3cdfg6de5TN-4wDdVqRjb8/s1600/16-+E_pasteuriana+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-o92xb5b3gbDtkZHPdT6RvEAM8GCCc3pnK3m_zI_pym5_4P1oFznbDUUyOwKD1_cIb-KLHGdzl5OaiIiR5PyTs_C9ra_v55mHhXM57SOCXwPkXcK_cX_jV3cdfg6de5TN-4wDdVqRjb8/s400/16-+E_pasteuriana+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana </i>-another example of a 'floret' as above.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSgui6cYasfz5fuHtW98XRFR989PyzabZdWQaKfT0VrQsnWGnTDKPObSgCq_yfgbKX4OzoFZnrBjRp6-TX_vL5cRej1ykxJSJREir9JEHm_HsPbyESOEizkTgmN8jmC2wL76jW2WRNg6I/s1600/17-+E_pasteuriana+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSgui6cYasfz5fuHtW98XRFR989PyzabZdWQaKfT0VrQsnWGnTDKPObSgCq_yfgbKX4OzoFZnrBjRp6-TX_vL5cRej1ykxJSJREir9JEHm_HsPbyESOEizkTgmN8jmC2wL76jW2WRNg6I/s400/17-+E_pasteuriana+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana </i>-a string of florets along a delicate hyaline (non-pigmented) hypha of about of about 1.0 to 1.3
µm diameter running through the photo from lower left to upper right.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB,<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank"> Nikon</a>)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyRPW710vInNuE1_GeH8Zucw9PriZTQQ2wx4Fgmj5Ep3xUnr7nP2db4BqVRDh4V3i7i1YGwUhNkdXI97N17jOVk60mGXOJglfT2wzp0IQH-dknGYhr38NepyaZQhXdKMaZrupm9adFwnQ/s1600/18-+E_pasteuriana+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyRPW710vInNuE1_GeH8Zucw9PriZTQQ2wx4Fgmj5Ep3xUnr7nP2db4BqVRDh4V3i7i1YGwUhNkdXI97N17jOVk60mGXOJglfT2wzp0IQH-dknGYhr38NepyaZQhXdKMaZrupm9adFwnQ/s400/18-+E_pasteuriana+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana </i>-a string of florets along delicate hyaline (non-pigmented) hyphae.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400X, LPCB, Nikon)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWeAeLCpvqpfbZFACGiwA-Cy-Fy0qZLghAQbUKLrLpRkf2KXyYef0jtzb79EVxw4BkStceYSV5qFKGjQ5oMbemqzHXPxW-KuLns-mcjuwYvJPCxQX7DOTpYaHO7443EVhxvBRhG27hbac/s1600/19-+E_pasteuriana+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWeAeLCpvqpfbZFACGiwA-Cy-Fy0qZLghAQbUKLrLpRkf2KXyYef0jtzb79EVxw4BkStceYSV5qFKGjQ5oMbemqzHXPxW-KuLns-mcjuwYvJPCxQX7DOTpYaHO7443EVhxvBRhG27hbac/s400/19-+E_pasteuriana+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana </i>- Additional sessile (directly from hypha) or broad-based verrucose
(warty) conidia may also be produced.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X. LPCB, Nikon)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjALGRJKEUWZNQDr5azSKKZxHIDLv1GWAixxVo6j5L4Qmjk_bg2UcTRwoNl884r8ANShP4-7M5NsRK6Q2mCQ1x_SsOVhxWZHJAV0V5MlnCzoA5zoxrBi9z-ADBC94dmGhEnELFuvA6ILHk/s1600/20-+E_pasteuriana+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjALGRJKEUWZNQDr5azSKKZxHIDLv1GWAixxVo6j5L4Qmjk_bg2UcTRwoNl884r8ANShP4-7M5NsRK6Q2mCQ1x_SsOVhxWZHJAV0V5MlnCzoA5zoxrBi9z-ADBC94dmGhEnELFuvA6ILHk/s400/20-+E_pasteuriana+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana </i>- once again, single conida on slender stalks.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFBlFxyh32WlCmGICgNGUBv-UMFlfnZv5WfNsvP95pJFQLIXyHIaorifzafCAHEmS-YdasmXshw77P3xn_o77Dcd2Ak7QvsdpmdzpwZHEZWDHKKuu2BEh6X9603X4A2_NueDARzwdEUdA/s1600/21-+E_pasteuriana+400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFBlFxyh32WlCmGICgNGUBv-UMFlfnZv5WfNsvP95pJFQLIXyHIaorifzafCAHEmS-YdasmXshw77P3xn_o77Dcd2Ak7QvsdpmdzpwZHEZWDHKKuu2BEh6X9603X4A2_NueDARzwdEUdA/s400/21-+E_pasteuriana+400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana </i>- two conidia can be seen at center left, attached to the delicate pedicile.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuAxx3VMr6AbIFuFIk8c7AXj6eaBUI5wqa52Sj6SyWuOoIBLQPAdishMHH9vRL7_hmWOuaSySB7adel2f3vnM7Jsp-SqxO7yzXfUkNgJbzc7zPaO0sUYITNSx4um0gqB-7zBccXYSV5o8/s1600/22-+E_pasteuriana+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuAxx3VMr6AbIFuFIk8c7AXj6eaBUI5wqa52Sj6SyWuOoIBLQPAdishMHH9vRL7_hmWOuaSySB7adel2f3vnM7Jsp-SqxO7yzXfUkNgJbzc7zPaO0sUYITNSx4um0gqB-7zBccXYSV5o8/s400/22-+E_pasteuriana+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana </i>-sessile (directly from hypha) or broad-based verrucose
(warty) conidia may be produced. (1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe8EqLFLOnsa8VmOn2GSdThEoXH1ygD-4N4Qx4aYtjviRhMNT_7W02l0GiKvU-jE29GpQhilep90LltVcZyo88mwkERHBhzj15LNQP75gy31dNWEK-zRCr8HKpoO0F2plor699PMeFZek/s1600/23-+E_pasteuriana+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe8EqLFLOnsa8VmOn2GSdThEoXH1ygD-4N4Qx4aYtjviRhMNT_7W02l0GiKvU-jE29GpQhilep90LltVcZyo88mwkERHBhzj15LNQP75gy31dNWEK-zRCr8HKpoO0F2plor699PMeFZek/s400/23-+E_pasteuriana+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><i>Emmonsia pasteuriana </i>- Once again, thin-walled, slightly
verruculose (minutely verrucose or warty), globose to sub-globose (round-ish) conidia
(2 – 3 µm X 3 – 4 µm) are formed on slender (0.4 – 0.5 µm) pedicles (stalks) or
at the apex of inflated cells. Here in this photo is a conidium at the apex of an inflated cell. (1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCWo5ML3jGFGp7g67eRq1GjgM-gGGHT5yMp1s_Zbt_ULizoj6grnrZsUXbQh5JtjK21VKpPtDJPeIQry6xj_1GaAfY5Sevf6jXdSat1AB1RXxAAhCwVmh6w_FtsGb4IOykvg8llwYa_F0/s1600/24-+E_pasteuriana+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCWo5ML3jGFGp7g67eRq1GjgM-gGGHT5yMp1s_Zbt_ULizoj6grnrZsUXbQh5JtjK21VKpPtDJPeIQry6xj_1GaAfY5Sevf6jXdSat1AB1RXxAAhCwVmh6w_FtsGb4IOykvg8llwYa_F0/s400/24-+E_pasteuriana+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana </i>- more conidia at the born on delicate pediciles.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Yeast form:</b></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The filamentous fungus form can be converted
to the yeast form by incubating a freshly inoculated culture at 37ᵒC for 10 to
14 days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conversion is enhanced by
cultivation on the nutritionally richer Brain-Heat Infusion (BHI) agar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Smooth, butyrous colonies appear cream to
beige in colour which may darken as they age.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Colonies consist of globose to oval yeast colonies which may show
narrow-based budding.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIW8HsbyNow3G3ejooNhLg6-A71OcQCj-o7GgyjCvnl2EjVbjOn6nTepXuiCIbrqrOuJG4xaLq8J_9OfkpzG3fVIebrX2dVX4D6k5KIUls5RN_KpOHmA164GIASe7dhspFveZcBI_sh0g/s1600/25-+E_pasteuriana+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIW8HsbyNow3G3ejooNhLg6-A71OcQCj-o7GgyjCvnl2EjVbjOn6nTepXuiCIbrqrOuJG4xaLq8J_9OfkpzG3fVIebrX2dVX4D6k5KIUls5RN_KpOHmA164GIASe7dhspFveZcBI_sh0g/s400/25-+E_pasteuriana+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana </i>- isolate was inoculated onto Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) agar and incubated at 37ᵒC for 14 days. <i>Emmonsia pasteuriana</i> converted to the yeast form which is the form that is directly recovered from skin lesions.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK4F5RkgeJeITSX3_SKJwOhKXp3YO8p4wNZ9abgTEnxpftrXWwPmKmaqwSq6l0eexyN45eZlBWh7Vg9uxV0nWmvEZ4GufMRzX-3C8kgViPvCXAty1vVF_uuD08-5b9nWW1MthcJCEVFu4/s1600/26-+E_pasteuriana+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK4F5RkgeJeITSX3_SKJwOhKXp3YO8p4wNZ9abgTEnxpftrXWwPmKmaqwSq6l0eexyN45eZlBWh7Vg9uxV0nWmvEZ4GufMRzX-3C8kgViPvCXAty1vVF_uuD08-5b9nWW1MthcJCEVFu4/s400/26-+E_pasteuriana+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Emmonsia pasteuriana </i>- a more convincing example of the yeast-like phase of <i>E.pasteuriana</i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(400+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Note:</b></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At various stages of development, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emmonsia</i> species may resemble other
fungi such as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Blastomyces dermatitidis</i>,
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Paracoccidioides brasiliensis</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Histoplasma capsulatum</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chrysosporium</i> species.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has been noted that some cross-reaction
(false positives) may occur between <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emmonsia</i>
species and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Blastomyces dermatitidis</i>
with a both a DNA probe and direct immunofluorescent-antigen tests.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Adioconidia:</b></span>
When the hyphae and conidia are incubated at their maximum temperatures on
enriched media, the hyphae become distorted and usually disintegrate while the
conidia swell to become round, thick-walled adiaconidia (formerly called
adiaospores).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Production of adiaconidia
is best achieved by incubation at increased temperatures: 37ᵒC for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E.crescens</i> (20 – 14 µm dia) and at 40ᵒC
for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E.parva </i>(10 -25 µm dia). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As
previously mentioned, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E.pasteuriana<b> </b></i><b>cannot</b>
be induced to produce adiaconidia at any temperature.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Physiology:</b></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emmonsia
pasteuriana</i> is not inhibited by cycloheximide and therefore can be grown on
Mycosel® or Dermasel® agar.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgseZ4tepCLskrrdCaFN1f0YCSaBXZxn4SxKvByiMb1SLvhIbspFkcOY8dC_5wfY_L3aqSmgkGaFkgpAgTLivfJZVXCmDl2CCenU-knGs1xCSxnKFGbsI4GVaM7Rmp9i75Px6Va-mf7OGc/s1600/Emmonsia+species+Physiological+Tests.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgseZ4tepCLskrrdCaFN1f0YCSaBXZxn4SxKvByiMb1SLvhIbspFkcOY8dC_5wfY_L3aqSmgkGaFkgpAgTLivfJZVXCmDl2CCenU-knGs1xCSxnKFGbsI4GVaM7Rmp9i75Px6Va-mf7OGc/s640/Emmonsia+species+Physiological+Tests.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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</div>
<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;">
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a> A
Dimorphic Fungus Causing Disseminated Infection in South Africa</div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
Chris Kenyon M.D. et al.,</div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
N.Engl. J. Med. 2013, 369 – 1416 - 1424</div>
</div>
</div>
Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-33808175436968860482015-08-01T18:28:00.000-04:002015-08-03T17:45:03.637-04:00Penicillium citrinum<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Penicillium citrinum</i></b></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">Ecology:</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Penicillium
citrinum</i> is a commonly occurring filamentous fungus with worldwide
distribution.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has been isolated from
a variety of sources including soils, decaying vegetation, foodstuffs (beans,
coffee, cereals & spices) as well as a variety of indoor environments.</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pathology:</b></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Penicillium</i>
species are generally regarded as laboratory contaminants, or at best,
opportunists, a number of species have been implicated as being involved in the
disease process.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While Penicillium
species may be isolated from clinical specimens, it is commonly believed that a
true infection can only be established by histological demonstration of tissue
invasion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With that in mind, Penicillium
citrinum has been reported in mycotic keratitis (eye), lung infections
(pneumonia), a single case of a urinary tract infection (UTI) and one of
pericarditis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their contribution to the
disease process may be secondary an additional underlying illness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As with all fungi, immunocompromised
individuals may be at greater risk of infection including those rarely
considered as pathogenic.</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTghYMZlH9eLfuUzi94hcx-DUaQSs85kp8PYTGqD2YiEC6ohhOcJvXxihPMWvK5BYtl4ArE10bOD9nvtIX4lqDwOisqyYs-HojXPxq3UeF6xGdUyCAQoDazB2Z2lAIa9oJ0B4eKoWn2bg/s1600/03-+Penicillium+citrinum+14+Days+SAB+-2+Rev.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTghYMZlH9eLfuUzi94hcx-DUaQSs85kp8PYTGqD2YiEC6ohhOcJvXxihPMWvK5BYtl4ArE10bOD9nvtIX4lqDwOisqyYs-HojXPxq3UeF6xGdUyCAQoDazB2Z2lAIa9oJ0B4eKoWn2bg/s200/03-+Penicillium+citrinum+14+Days+SAB+-2+Rev.jpg" width="184" /></a>Macroscopic
Morphology</b>:</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Penicillium citrinum</i> exhibits moderately slow growth on
Sabouraud-<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTghYMZlH9eLfuUzi94hcx-DUaQSs85kp8PYTGqD2YiEC6ohhOcJvXxihPMWvK5BYtl4ArE10bOD9nvtIX4lqDwOisqyYs-HojXPxq3UeF6xGdUyCAQoDazB2Z2lAIa9oJ0B4eKoWn2bg/s1600/03-+Penicillium+citrinum+14+Days+SAB+-2+Rev.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>Dextrose agar (SAB) at 30ᵒC.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Surface texture is velutinous (soft, velvety surface) to floccose
(woolly tufts of soft “hairs”).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
colonial growth appears radially sulcate (narrow, deep furrows or radial
grooves –like spokes on a wheel).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
mature colony has a central greyish-turquoise to greyish-orange colour with a
white periphery (outer edge).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Exudates
(extrolites) are frequently produced which appear as drops of liquid upon the
surface of the colony.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These may appear
clear, to pale yellow, to a reddish-brown in colour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some strains may also produce a soluble
pigment which can diffuse into the surrounding medium.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The reverse is a pale yellow to a light
yellow-brown. Colours and growth characteristics are, of course, media and
strain dependent.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRBSJQx-piwprlEjzQOpMZTwAAHA72uqqjBWXjUiOQ39wvc1jpngMo06NdjJRlB-c7zQGc51XmL9-etoWICm3gbRj_tRCYI7hjJPLO_pWPF_WBBS7VGAuIuy-0QN6XKrMDT22-TKogkAc/s1600/01-+Penicillium+citrinum+SAB+14d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="393" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRBSJQx-piwprlEjzQOpMZTwAAHA72uqqjBWXjUiOQ39wvc1jpngMo06NdjJRlB-c7zQGc51XmL9-etoWICm3gbRj_tRCYI7hjJPLO_pWPF_WBBS7VGAuIuy-0QN6XKrMDT22-TKogkAc/s400/01-+Penicillium+citrinum+SAB+14d.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Penicillium citrinum-</i>SAB, 14 days incubation at 30ᵒC (Nikon)</div>
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Note the drops of exudate (extrolites) which have formed on the surface.</div>
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Colour variation due to maturing of colony but also a difference in my lighting for photography. </div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Exudates (or
Extrolites):</b></span> Some fungi can produce exudates as a by-product of their
growth, many of which can be collected for commercial use.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mycotoxins are by-products (secondary
metabolites) which are potent poisons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><i>Penicillium citrinum</i> produces Citrinin, a nephrotoxic mycotoxin which
derives its name from the fungus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It may
also produce other extrolites such as tanzowaic acid A, quinolactacins,
quinocitrinines, asteric acid and compactin.</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Microscopic
Morphology:</b></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Penicillium citrinum</i>
produces septate, hyaline (clear, not pigmented) hyphae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Smooth-walled conidiophores stipes are rather
long (100 – 300 µm) and is biverticillate (see diagram at end of post).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Metulae are 12 – 15 µm in length which are
found in whorls of 3 – 5 divergent structures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Phialides are ampuliform (flask-shaped) and about 7 – 12 µm in
length.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conidia (2.2 – 3.0 µm dia.) are
globose to sub-globose (round to off-round) and are smooth or have a finely
roughened surface.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conidia resist disruption
and form rather long chains.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These
characteristics: the metulae longer than the phialides and the conidia being
both spherical and produced in well-defined chains, are distinguishing features
of<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Penicillium</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">citrinum.</i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirWbQHuCwZjapMtvJZbSm-4xn4GkIk-o_6JKVc4ejb_y6jctK73CMmfZvB0XzyFFGxiiTYyTrYhyVzV6UuddstY-129fQzT-4-5dMegyctNk59kxY8EUEIJ0jNZixmPR7SZ_HAnr6QBaY/s1600/04-+image_2014y06m01d_09h42m15s_B_250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirWbQHuCwZjapMtvJZbSm-4xn4GkIk-o_6JKVc4ejb_y6jctK73CMmfZvB0XzyFFGxiiTYyTrYhyVzV6UuddstY-129fQzT-4-5dMegyctNk59kxY8EUEIJ0jNZixmPR7SZ_HAnr6QBaY/s400/04-+image_2014y06m01d_09h42m15s_B_250X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i><i>Penicillium citrinum- </i>distinguishing features of <i>Penicillium</i> 'species' can already be made out at low magnification<i>. </i>(250X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRYCiylUe3LPmura3Q_ES38ObziVnejbLChM_gv0O6nYjvkixDFinqYCdY1_na12xPKrf9rmzXsAxF2vVniCqrMIWDVKTdcC9NDCjZh0_M7UF0yaVhCWr-tKgZ0jkicgEVmqBfZjdmAvQ/s1600/05-+Penicillium_citrinum+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRYCiylUe3LPmura3Q_ES38ObziVnejbLChM_gv0O6nYjvkixDFinqYCdY1_na12xPKrf9rmzXsAxF2vVniCqrMIWDVKTdcC9NDCjZh0_M7UF0yaVhCWr-tKgZ0jkicgEVmqBfZjdmAvQ/s400/05-+Penicillium_citrinum+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i><i>Penicillium citrinum- </i>distinguishing features of <i>Penicillium</i> 'species' much more evident at 400X.</div>
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Typical "fingers" made up of the metulae and phialide structures from which chains of conidia extend. (400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-dhl79o1c04OUUkTD2FlAFO4iHZcLkaUfI0zgAOyzDb4pi5TFpdIFkSFmNqtFXvO2fsKPLxVFAHUPDYlr9yLzgR2vvwM_UWXU_iu_dlB4O4rkrw5TgvPDVnz85INcPce7BL-Ou1yqrFA/s1600/06-+Penicillium_citrinum+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-dhl79o1c04OUUkTD2FlAFO4iHZcLkaUfI0zgAOyzDb4pi5TFpdIFkSFmNqtFXvO2fsKPLxVFAHUPDYlr9yLzgR2vvwM_UWXU_iu_dlB4O4rkrw5TgvPDVnz85INcPce7BL-Ou1yqrFA/s400/06-+Penicillium_citrinum+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Penicillium citrinum- </i>a mass of overlapping fruiting structures with copious amounts of conidia.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw0sSpltrz3vnVkAdaY6ZWPFkXNIGsUkt4EJaKXcYMPrZtaWVImXNFRbFlkixwqUU5pVi55z2knOFEgbkT-Bp7fizGX1lVxjPAZcv5871nHnOT2lcXaPKHzUgEONswyGE96I3EFcI7Y78/s1600/07-+Penicillium_citrinum+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw0sSpltrz3vnVkAdaY6ZWPFkXNIGsUkt4EJaKXcYMPrZtaWVImXNFRbFlkixwqUU5pVi55z2knOFEgbkT-Bp7fizGX1lVxjPAZcv5871nHnOT2lcXaPKHzUgEONswyGE96I3EFcI7Y78/s400/07-+Penicillium_citrinum+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Penicillium citrinum- </i>a little less congested in this photo. Conidiophores (stipes) seen from which extend the metulae and conidia producing phialides. Conidia are globose (round) to sub-globose (somewhat off-round) in shape, (1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ-SE4kEXeE7nmxX72aZ9Eyocs4o3wtC0_nqBeRAfJX_huxlKuyzmd0rqGVL8JZo9QsUoH5tuUTwob25pG-DjcLvs4c9cTwOw98adWF8LKp8t2HOhfLgsdqy7kpR_7-WWN-9-bM1ELtI8/s1600/08-+Penicillium_citrinum+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ-SE4kEXeE7nmxX72aZ9Eyocs4o3wtC0_nqBeRAfJX_huxlKuyzmd0rqGVL8JZo9QsUoH5tuUTwob25pG-DjcLvs4c9cTwOw98adWF8LKp8t2HOhfLgsdqy7kpR_7-WWN-9-bM1ELtI8/s400/08-+Penicillium_citrinum+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i>Penicillium citrinum</i></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">- long metulae and the somewhat shorter phialides are clearly distinguishable in this photograph. The conidia are generally smooth or can have a finely roughened surface.</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyIHnEKaXwrfIVo0bK_PovjScYEbpUq3bjzh1hoQvIoLA_FjCohTWHS6HcGsoUxx4-jUPijzt6FIxWtqGzIJ0Zm3YQADAN8w42T2nyHryKeNmO0KxSc0UY43lh0c_Yf9KWAJjnTfNwcCU/s1600/09-+Penicillium_citrinum+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyIHnEKaXwrfIVo0bK_PovjScYEbpUq3bjzh1hoQvIoLA_FjCohTWHS6HcGsoUxx4-jUPijzt6FIxWtqGzIJ0Zm3YQADAN8w42T2nyHryKeNmO0KxSc0UY43lh0c_Yf9KWAJjnTfNwcCU/s400/09-+Penicillium_citrinum+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i>Penicillium citrinum</i></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">- another view.</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKrbPz6mlRQZS_ISx2oEHADLCeEVyPNSOx9pEemoiXILih2WyaD1-o69ZnXd8KIBH5okK8CHHLhkKSt1nmLfMWszIRlBFRDVDUwWD3gkl8O4xRTMrgS19iig4f8kT5tmv_x4TTWQJ0tU8/s1600/10-+Penicillium_citrinum+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKrbPz6mlRQZS_ISx2oEHADLCeEVyPNSOx9pEemoiXILih2WyaD1-o69ZnXd8KIBH5okK8CHHLhkKSt1nmLfMWszIRlBFRDVDUwWD3gkl8O4xRTMrgS19iig4f8kT5tmv_x4TTWQJ0tU8/s400/10-+Penicillium_citrinum+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i>Penicillium citrinum</i></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">- exhibits biverticillate branching meaning that the conidiophore can branch and the metulae & phialides extend from these branches. Triverticillate would have the conidia branching and then the branches also branching to finally produce the metulae & phialide fruiting structures.</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR8JAleQm93kIGYEGGYObccIx-y3wDjfSBzEMxibF3vq6XjAC3HztfAe5sqQGjnCKSMem97YwA2hyphenhyphenwo_MN0x-AvGbVrvHl2k5TbNGHzE8YxwfDR7NcypVUGq0JFD9-yVFDqqoyGQAQzjQ/s1600/11-+Penicillium_citrinum+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR8JAleQm93kIGYEGGYObccIx-y3wDjfSBzEMxibF3vq6XjAC3HztfAe5sqQGjnCKSMem97YwA2hyphenhyphenwo_MN0x-AvGbVrvHl2k5TbNGHzE8YxwfDR7NcypVUGq0JFD9-yVFDqqoyGQAQzjQ/s400/11-+Penicillium_citrinum+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i>Penicillium citrinum</i></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">- </span>Phialides are ampuliform (flask-shaped) and about 7 – 12 µm in
length. Again, </span>conidia (2.2 – 3.0 µm dia.) are
globose to sub-globose (round to off-round) and are smooth or have a finely
roughened surface. (1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-KUGgjD2AE6g0NAPW9qY-z1EA9pC021pl2QYzAkJ2siR6RYvwmRLR1_ljzc0YuZddNt9jBjcp5onoW3GCbHXBr6X38p2Fmsxopkz6hxaGVnWSmJ0JdcTHeldXG3OanKfNSgBbq4eqTFQ/s1600/12-+Penicillium_citrinum+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-KUGgjD2AE6g0NAPW9qY-z1EA9pC021pl2QYzAkJ2siR6RYvwmRLR1_ljzc0YuZddNt9jBjcp5onoW3GCbHXBr6X38p2Fmsxopkz6hxaGVnWSmJ0JdcTHeldXG3OanKfNSgBbq4eqTFQ/s400/12-+Penicillium_citrinum+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i>Penicillium citrinum</i></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">- Here we see the proportions of the metulae (M) and the 'flask-shaped' phialides (P) with the metulae being substantially longer than the phialides, The biverticillate structure is evident in this photo. (ie. each branch extending from the conidiophore (stipe), branches only once and then bears a fruiting structure consisting of the metulae and phialides.</span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNTmFW4CfgJLkCrIdSjF6fv9obfu9P5cYJEioR-Vq6ymNpgrIaC_lfbSH-k6XAshSZwhIG7dmrFHM4Zwr1N13g6QknatFBNAsE07g2md51uKQ0soDd2OFbxQ264Ob_TNBP_ELEMiwOBtM/s1600/13-+Penicillium_citrinum+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNTmFW4CfgJLkCrIdSjF6fv9obfu9P5cYJEioR-Vq6ymNpgrIaC_lfbSH-k6XAshSZwhIG7dmrFHM4Zwr1N13g6QknatFBNAsE07g2md51uKQ0soDd2OFbxQ264Ob_TNBP_ELEMiwOBtM/s400/13-+Penicillium_citrinum+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i>Penicillium citrinum</i></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">- another example.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGU1906JzHsAVJTIbGfc2ogbyJUeTOuE2XL3hQj7c1CZQUx071sQWJ_lHs1B6jWQjnXen7V-7f9sOltLYtNhwulszehr0mKNnayoyCL2Z6l_yvxR8xBf6-5OgNqy5jMJYsEokUqupc76c/s1600/14-+Penicillium_citrinum+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGU1906JzHsAVJTIbGfc2ogbyJUeTOuE2XL3hQj7c1CZQUx071sQWJ_lHs1B6jWQjnXen7V-7f9sOltLYtNhwulszehr0mKNnayoyCL2Z6l_yvxR8xBf6-5OgNqy5jMJYsEokUqupc76c/s400/14-+Penicillium_citrinum+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i>Penicillium citrinum</i></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">- a few more photos to finish up.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheqvQ3OEyDDanAXrJVVq9uZL72vwBmI4Us_5JTYi1SYEl2lhekPH8nDYSgG5A-RUABaZm6SQHEYwRO__CSND0oCHj58GDRwHHZ0ZEyHnt5Lv2K4UNvj__EXZ6LyfEH-8SkaTcqxe7zO8A/s1600/15-+Penicillium_citrinum+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheqvQ3OEyDDanAXrJVVq9uZL72vwBmI4Us_5JTYi1SYEl2lhekPH8nDYSgG5A-RUABaZm6SQHEYwRO__CSND0oCHj58GDRwHHZ0ZEyHnt5Lv2K4UNvj__EXZ6LyfEH-8SkaTcqxe7zO8A/s400/15-+Penicillium_citrinum+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i>Penicillium citrinum</i></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">- suitable for framing!</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgxq8mKhHKF6Z2cEtZcm5UP9wg7f_doVOWDVNZvyeB5-MZ9KesPPQ_HpbzvQtm2uX69a-VgOBNH8D9KMnZhO3Qgw7AlQ1w7ZIuX0PuY_FCjSZkIgPSFJ5CMIQ1zfq160BvkaiWUmyq-44/s1600/16-+Penicillium_citrinum+400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgxq8mKhHKF6Z2cEtZcm5UP9wg7f_doVOWDVNZvyeB5-MZ9KesPPQ_HpbzvQtm2uX69a-VgOBNH8D9KMnZhO3Qgw7AlQ1w7ZIuX0PuY_FCjSZkIgPSFJ5CMIQ1zfq160BvkaiWUmyq-44/s400/16-+Penicillium_citrinum+400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i>Penicillium citrinum</i></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpGgt4yqGfIuV6_Ewy5DF8OCR5His9Lkjb2oV60i5Xv_-VPKiG6pBmFQ1f5OhuYcwFaSJ0fSYtsVZ44ytm7QJcL6G_KBoGcKnLBaekw6jwSC_zyzPTMTHum7GdntxR9bvlU8jrv10yVTU/s1600/17-+Penicillium_citrinum+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpGgt4yqGfIuV6_Ewy5DF8OCR5His9Lkjb2oV60i5Xv_-VPKiG6pBmFQ1f5OhuYcwFaSJ0fSYtsVZ44ytm7QJcL6G_KBoGcKnLBaekw6jwSC_zyzPTMTHum7GdntxR9bvlU8jrv10yVTU/s400/17-+Penicillium_citrinum+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i>Penicillium citrinum</i></i></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5MGdEhuWDWCzUO3r3QCG80wM9q6OTJ4lClVUMJ_VuOim_aubOzUMvsnukFC5KQ1DydkfBvvAxgVuO1NceMUJJRBxsusR0rTF0DFuye8tWrhtdTEg58mTYMW4KQ9EcYRgc5Bq9dl3sSP0/s1600/Penicillium_Citrinum+exudate.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5MGdEhuWDWCzUO3r3QCG80wM9q6OTJ4lClVUMJ_VuOim_aubOzUMvsnukFC5KQ1DydkfBvvAxgVuO1NceMUJJRBxsusR0rTF0DFuye8tWrhtdTEg58mTYMW4KQ9EcYRgc5Bq9dl3sSP0/s400/Penicillium_Citrinum+exudate.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i>Penicillium citrinum</i></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">- another colony showing the exudate (extrolites) which accumulate on the colony surface after extended incubation. These metabolites may be potent poisonous mycotoxins or might have beneficial uses in industrial or pharmaceutical applications. (Nikon)</span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<br />
<img class="CSS_LIGHTBOX_SCALED_IMAGE_IMG" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT_Fqb02KrOtXHZjReD1RDFcSvk80gEwloDelCz0jfAzY2OYYwGL4rCYFQm4DfN6TlCHdRtU0Vn5KaSFljYCfp2FLtPVyrrfqdxVXigo3RqJ95wq7iq15-JKUZGRsjh1lzqbyOVGXx4po/s400/Penicillium+structure.jpeg" width="400" /></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Physiology:</b></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The spores of <i>Penicillium citrinum</i> fail to
germinate at 5ᵒC and may show restricted growth at 37ᵒC. </div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: #674ea7;">* * * </span></b></span></div>
Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-21910903325651600812015-07-04T15:38:00.000-04:002015-07-04T15:53:51.910-04:00Stemphylium species<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Stemphylium</i></b><b> species</b></span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span>(Hyphomycetes)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ecology:</b></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Stemphylium </i>species
are widely distributed in nature and can be found in soils as well as plant
parasites and as saprophytes on decaying plant material.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a plant pathogen, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Stemphylium</i> species are implicated in the leaf spot of alfalfa (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">S.botryosum</i>), black rot of carrots (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">S.radicinum</i>), and grey leaf spot of the
tomato plant (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">S.solani</i>).</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #674ea7;">
</span><br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pathogenicity:</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Stemphylium</i>
species found in the clinical laboratory are generally considered to be contaminants;
however, they may contribute to allergic reactions in general and have been
reported as agents of phaeohyphomycotic sinusitis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Macroscopic
Morphology:</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Colonies on SAB are velvety to cottony with a rather
short ‘nap’ (does not extend very high above the agar surface).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are olivaceous (grey-green-brown) to a brownish-black
in surface colour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The reverse is
black.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Stemphylium</i> species exhibit a moderate growth rate, becoming mature
within five days.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOWA5PRT8ylg7btZJNsrjjXUBIAb7Rvncjx_BrCCwORJSVUto1yGRxxZFrIZb7kwVaicV8LbLmu2aRF1JIliYaldtqNHiLxUv5wB3NRCCZ_j8aWFFeKcBkj70f8lAAuN70qgmlpxLAs8c/s1600/01-+Stemphylium+sp+1wk+SAB+30C.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="383" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOWA5PRT8ylg7btZJNsrjjXUBIAb7Rvncjx_BrCCwORJSVUto1yGRxxZFrIZb7kwVaicV8LbLmu2aRF1JIliYaldtqNHiLxUv5wB3NRCCZ_j8aWFFeKcBkj70f8lAAuN70qgmlpxLAs8c/s400/01-+Stemphylium+sp+1wk+SAB+30C.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - 1 Week on SAB at<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> 30<sup>o</sup>C (<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</span></div>
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Microscopic
Morphology:</b></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXc5gKKVCVFX2vALCMvIQ3T2o-OpgjockEtW7qW0ZTVGMGVnwAZgkWbxFfbMzL3YRrzvGNRwnbepk4Y52hGRpzy7N6WoHPPsUpXylneevM024n3kXkvJPu-fiwRr7Aw9HNr4h1eREksvc/s1600/02-+Stemphylium+sp+1wk+SAB+30C+%2528Rev%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXc5gKKVCVFX2vALCMvIQ3T2o-OpgjockEtW7qW0ZTVGMGVnwAZgkWbxFfbMzL3YRrzvGNRwnbepk4Y52hGRpzy7N6WoHPPsUpXylneevM024n3kXkvJPu-fiwRr7Aw9HNr4h1eREksvc/s200/02-+Stemphylium+sp+1wk+SAB+30C+%2528Rev%2529.jpg" width="178" /></a></div>
Hyphae are septate and develop a pale brown to deeper
brownish colour as they age.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Conidiophores also show septations and the structure is simple or
occasionally branched.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The cell at the
apex of the conidiophore which bears the conidium may show a slight swelling in
relation to the rest of the conidiophore.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The conidiophore which generally shows somewhat smooth and parallel
walls when young may develop a much more knobby appearance as it ages and
produces conidia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conidia (12 – 20 µm X
15 – 30 µm) are produced by growing from the tip of the terminal conidiogenous
cell (poroconidia).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They can be smooth
or rough (echinulate) in texture. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They
have been described as oval, oblong, ellipsoidal, obclavate and
subspherical.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More simply they may be
described as ‘box-like’ with rounded corners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The conidia may also show a marked constriction around a central septum
or division within individual conidia. The conidia are muriform (both transverse and longitudinal septations or divisions), and acquire a dark brown pigment
as they mature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="color: #674ea7;">Caution: Micron scale (<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">µm</span>) may change between 50 or 100 </span></b><b><span style="color: #674ea7;"><b><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">µm</span></span></b> at higher magnifications.</span></b><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw_GeEnzeef-D6Uw_OlsNGWTqLdxlj2kevpeosQkdLNL9EEDssJ9aRsQm_gCsCeBkb9KZCQa6mtB9UVnmCn9i3UOVfxu9fETQU_nD_xXz_4Qusvts3mr1ePoBX_owlmVrhZw1bJCI3-ks/s1600/03-+Stemphylium_sp_40X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw_GeEnzeef-D6Uw_OlsNGWTqLdxlj2kevpeosQkdLNL9EEDssJ9aRsQm_gCsCeBkb9KZCQa6mtB9UVnmCn9i3UOVfxu9fETQU_nD_xXz_4Qusvts3mr1ePoBX_owlmVrhZw1bJCI3-ks/s400/03-+Stemphylium_sp_40X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - not much to distinguish between other moulds in this photo. I've added it just to show the tangled mass of the mycelium that fungi produce. Conidia are visible as the dark spots but features are indistinguishable at this magnification. </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> (250X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVBO2ZaqI9ZQSn0OyiAjIJVo8OwJNAeJlXow0RfftOVXEivFAbvIriQeaIQC5aQ_oqZOJhg3rbTZkP34j_4IQtStKZW7tAAykl9WphjBaYJM-Y6uFMqcMu9pr2HqPTrJNrtl4pXhyWfqc/s1600/04-+Stemphylium_sp_250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVBO2ZaqI9ZQSn0OyiAjIJVo8OwJNAeJlXow0RfftOVXEivFAbvIriQeaIQC5aQ_oqZOJhg3rbTZkP34j_4IQtStKZW7tAAykl9WphjBaYJM-Y6uFMqcMu9pr2HqPTrJNrtl4pXhyWfqc/s400/04-+Stemphylium_sp_250X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - edge of a slide culture showing hyphae growing out from the edge of the SAB block from which conidiophores extend and produce pigmented conidia at the ends.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(250X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHKrVYLCTwQMhRtEkoOx9ABEL78ZE1YGgJ-_m9d_5p1V-Neg0NYfe2XxmpL61At5VMBTX9xjIh52XNEJk5LY3d3PAFPBRivkq6Ek7kjpCjh3Qjh174A0GnFCyPI7PT-aXe5EEenfRJOC4/s1600/05-+Stemphylium_sp_250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHKrVYLCTwQMhRtEkoOx9ABEL78ZE1YGgJ-_m9d_5p1V-Neg0NYfe2XxmpL61At5VMBTX9xjIh52XNEJk5LY3d3PAFPBRivkq6Ek7kjpCjh3Qjh174A0GnFCyPI7PT-aXe5EEenfRJOC4/s400/05-+Stemphylium_sp_250X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species -another shot showing numerous pigmented conidia sitting on the ends of the conidiophores which extend at right-angles from the supporting vegetative hyphae.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(250X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUuptV_ZgIk8uTfBTWHSVYz6uuPQ0I-8HcADXAYfIXOc2MmNKGGGN5posE2t0-g8ZBvA-hT5onOel7acaREUF6U63VuPpRTnuAF2JDoxNCJzl0V8VNTLrPeySgg3IIOLzePymaEW0uyN4/s1600/06-+Stemphylium_sp_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUuptV_ZgIk8uTfBTWHSVYz6uuPQ0I-8HcADXAYfIXOc2MmNKGGGN5posE2t0-g8ZBvA-hT5onOel7acaREUF6U63VuPpRTnuAF2JDoxNCJzl0V8VNTLrPeySgg3IIOLzePymaEW0uyN4/s400/06-+Stemphylium_sp_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species -more detail emerges at this higher magnification. Septations become visible in the pigmented conidia.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm8whbDK1HUtsaAdBjMpviUwSOTPmZC5g2vBr3tygBfPu3GMwt-2q9tlgsY3KmnsaCGtY0v1p8bc1uCOZjxbrsKiis4S1o9y9MRAUbiwK65520DatVKI1TTgbtM6r3fzlKCNPO9hnfYRU/s1600/07-+Stemphylium_sp_400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm8whbDK1HUtsaAdBjMpviUwSOTPmZC5g2vBr3tygBfPu3GMwt-2q9tlgsY3KmnsaCGtY0v1p8bc1uCOZjxbrsKiis4S1o9y9MRAUbiwK65520DatVKI1TTgbtM6r3fzlKCNPO9hnfYRU/s400/07-+Stemphylium_sp_400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species -hyphae and conidiophores.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZkY1XbHqKw36dLNIIPZys5xwglsrX1DFIgfDeyfNn3RUqkbS7BKcrXk67S0T8gpC7JkZMLE3scG7pFKAcZT7BPelU_y0RWNFzXNoBVVx6dNmnBw-4apTE6mex0ypkEncmEuxDcAhajYs/s1600/08-+Stemphylium_sp_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZkY1XbHqKw36dLNIIPZys5xwglsrX1DFIgfDeyfNn3RUqkbS7BKcrXk67S0T8gpC7JkZMLE3scG7pFKAcZT7BPelU_y0RWNFzXNoBVVx6dNmnBw-4apTE6mex0ypkEncmEuxDcAhajYs/s400/08-+Stemphylium_sp_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species -rather short conidiophores, extend primarily at right-angles from the parent vegetative hypha. At the lower left corner there is a branched conidiophore with a rather young, still unpigmented, conidium developing on the left branch. Two more young conidia can be seen in the photo as well.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAmf8x1d0PLbmuEP8Hw9LJT8L6VkhC-uBfPaYqMnNyyRMr4DytgcLSXBl-8JG73dJPfrkKBNOBlcZu4tONkGbVhBxvGlNCq0mm_uducKO5VBZfsr3kmmRymCm6pEwKI7yPq2_NOlLkupA/s1600/09-+Stemphylium_sp_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAmf8x1d0PLbmuEP8Hw9LJT8L6VkhC-uBfPaYqMnNyyRMr4DytgcLSXBl-8JG73dJPfrkKBNOBlcZu4tONkGbVhBxvGlNCq0mm_uducKO5VBZfsr3kmmRymCm6pEwKI7yPq2_NOlLkupA/s400/09-+Stemphylium_sp_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species -a few more photos to leave you with an impression of what <i>Stemphylium </i>looks like. Conidia can be longer and branched which distinguishes it from<i> Pithomyces</i> species. The shape of the conida also is different from <i>Pithomyces</i> - discussed in later photos.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl7JOeRlqLEe1hM9EWqXEEQxE2ljbycetaOnzZXFPSwNksh8dV168zO4Cv3sv5qxeP4U1E-lEKqvI2iyYrYo4bFe_270AnSA8dQR4uv9JMTAkfouuOX1Lm9VPpw-oZY0lrw-zHcf5BTM4/s1600/10-+Stemphylium_sp_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl7JOeRlqLEe1hM9EWqXEEQxE2ljbycetaOnzZXFPSwNksh8dV168zO4Cv3sv5qxeP4U1E-lEKqvI2iyYrYo4bFe_270AnSA8dQR4uv9JMTAkfouuOX1Lm9VPpw-oZY0lrw-zHcf5BTM4/s400/10-+Stemphylium_sp_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species -brown pigmented conidia at the apices of individual conidiophores extending from an 'out of focus' hyphal element.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicvPypMyoCzBa_w-MOa8PS667gx02wzuYqFp2eOMkNDKcsIB2nCkw-HmS_xmRkKXxZKLwlvpe2bPXUupKoTIdS9sGXZuh77wCgkhX_mNEJBcHf-XjmXE-b1PK_qOJwJiPg_Ns2CLMoriU/s1600/11-+Stemphylium_sp_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicvPypMyoCzBa_w-MOa8PS667gx02wzuYqFp2eOMkNDKcsIB2nCkw-HmS_xmRkKXxZKLwlvpe2bPXUupKoTIdS9sGXZuh77wCgkhX_mNEJBcHf-XjmXE-b1PK_qOJwJiPg_Ns2CLMoriU/s400/11-+Stemphylium_sp_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species -conidiophores extending from the supporting vegetative hyphae with conidia at various stages of maturity. Young, blue-stained conidia and brown pigmented mature conidia are present. (400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6QJTcqygHBjoFF2H4kKoQXqj93uRoQy4ZnE360oFrEGB4vYcMK-J2gK1j2zjt3xmW5cJauS1XkQSTHCjzd560DIRb_W7Q9AtN_DxThAy-vHiyT7eWgtV1efqSKxRP32Ay-PxIs4x5jSs/s1600/12-+Stemphylium_sp_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6QJTcqygHBjoFF2H4kKoQXqj93uRoQy4ZnE360oFrEGB4vYcMK-J2gK1j2zjt3xmW5cJauS1XkQSTHCjzd560DIRb_W7Q9AtN_DxThAy-vHiyT7eWgtV1efqSKxRP32Ay-PxIs4x5jSs/s400/12-+Stemphylium_sp_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species -ditto. </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400X, LPCB,<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank"> DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8j1xEKBnHTggCLVGgaLYw1qxhw7VllA8gGwXnmDD-w260Lso3QC5owxydGjzpgJCTZ6nYiNUF4YKXQ071gtf9sOrJbaKwp7Voda1lu3UW0Xqhy-IQ0U6yHb2Uiu-dFzVdtL0pmNqJtDw/s1600/13-+Stemphylium_sp_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8j1xEKBnHTggCLVGgaLYw1qxhw7VllA8gGwXnmDD-w260Lso3QC5owxydGjzpgJCTZ6nYiNUF4YKXQ071gtf9sOrJbaKwp7Voda1lu3UW0Xqhy-IQ0U6yHb2Uiu-dFzVdtL0pmNqJtDw/s400/13-+Stemphylium_sp_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species -self indulgence here. More photos to demonstrate the same, Conidiophores with mature pigmented conidia at the tips. Muriform (longitudinal & transverse) septation is apparent. (400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzxnFeONOv2fc2Czx0zYp-mSYSgf2LW9rIafbSyT0Rc-DPqGrK0TU1hpl-XVTmzb2lpCcfqjDmFbGeshEIOf0XMMt-6BVJSAX_t5NbEBc3ouoCl9cQAStftc3dRv2GNZ0k0THHItmHZNI/s1600/14-+Stemphylium_sp_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzxnFeONOv2fc2Czx0zYp-mSYSgf2LW9rIafbSyT0Rc-DPqGrK0TU1hpl-XVTmzb2lpCcfqjDmFbGeshEIOf0XMMt-6BVJSAX_t5NbEBc3ouoCl9cQAStftc3dRv2GNZ0k0THHItmHZNI/s400/14-+Stemphylium_sp_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species -the appearance in this photo is very similar to that of <i>Pithomyces</i> species in that there are conidia at the ends of short conidiophores arising at right-angles to the hyphae from which they extend. Darkly pigmented conidia have internal compartments made by the muriform (both up and down and across) septations. The pigmented hyphae to the left of the photo is clearly septate and appears to be releasing it's pigment into the medium (brown haze).</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUB-Zt9mIpN2IcTxuKvuuQgpx7THeWX411LCi3PLqxdspO82A0Fw8wneWi94IVpQAgUJ9bs5sZp6I-oZNp4bzXOXc533hO3XouqvZRtttxVmULJ5vcP8c3nmLX0bN3DgoL9f8QPK6XsyE/s1600/15-+Stemphylium_sp_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUB-Zt9mIpN2IcTxuKvuuQgpx7THeWX411LCi3PLqxdspO82A0Fw8wneWi94IVpQAgUJ9bs5sZp6I-oZNp4bzXOXc533hO3XouqvZRtttxVmULJ5vcP8c3nmLX0bN3DgoL9f8QPK6XsyE/s400/15-+Stemphylium_sp_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species -as above. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4LnCqi80nTyGYhl7A5FW_9rogMT3pkoifImFN8ybUFwcmpOB7Vu-yofeYYlwix8XuGCxAVZ4IWqyRYsodjBnX1zkJ2fQLDWoSNF5ih_N_pjr4bCSFzGoSPm_EhVtYyrX3NAVpivy0xSw/s1600/16-+Stemphylium_sp_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4LnCqi80nTyGYhl7A5FW_9rogMT3pkoifImFN8ybUFwcmpOB7Vu-yofeYYlwix8XuGCxAVZ4IWqyRYsodjBnX1zkJ2fQLDWoSNF5ih_N_pjr4bCSFzGoSPm_EhVtYyrX3NAVpivy0xSw/s400/16-+Stemphylium_sp_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species -massive amounts of conidia can be produced as seen here.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDc5I4oI7y8N3zd61uKkV6FjtUhRVpICg4kGdwcD-t4Ry4j5fM0kgOhO1RP6r-ScRjy7lsc6fY7OSz5jvmrefOQ_eJ6WF3fc8g-JHXmU8PvYVLDFwYW5zk7HlmM6kDtaCGFwC2ZKmOoaY/s1600/17-+Stemphylium_sp_400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDc5I4oI7y8N3zd61uKkV6FjtUhRVpICg4kGdwcD-t4Ry4j5fM0kgOhO1RP6r-ScRjy7lsc6fY7OSz5jvmrefOQ_eJ6WF3fc8g-JHXmU8PvYVLDFwYW5zk7HlmM6kDtaCGFwC2ZKmOoaY/s400/17-+Stemphylium_sp_400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - a slightly closer look. Muriform septations evident in the mature brown conidia. The shape has been described as oval, oblong, ellipsoidal, obclavate and
subspherical.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More simply they may be
described as ‘box-like’ with rounded corners.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1KLQMS0cktnkVNOcLefvH0tNeJcrwjcJRf-Z7rTOT3l6EI1cGVvn1Rw2h1Y05z8lRlpo24AQm3h9loT1uzW-y-kHDNpHrqcof5fZwgFtN2AjX5G_E7MjN_By9kTi4tgvWCCoRlx2D4IY/s1600/18-+Stemphylium_sp_400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1KLQMS0cktnkVNOcLefvH0tNeJcrwjcJRf-Z7rTOT3l6EI1cGVvn1Rw2h1Y05z8lRlpo24AQm3h9loT1uzW-y-kHDNpHrqcof5fZwgFtN2AjX5G_E7MjN_By9kTi4tgvWCCoRlx2D4IY/s400/18-+Stemphylium_sp_400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - The conidiophore which generally shows somewhat smooth and parallel
walls when young may develop a much more knobby appearance as it ages and
produces conidia (lower left). (400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnkxm9gVbcS6hMwSMNafQT4UNVmkxzPSUdOIkmxTmCAyHZ43h14syXOUsBomFzSICZyXqeDb-ZHa_FJnwmlQqQrCXsCQ8eyUHCFVzXlbX2rAS-BOsoj1g5VYwdt7vgZ9a2G8XGf1FddtI/s1600/19-+Stermphylium_sp_400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnkxm9gVbcS6hMwSMNafQT4UNVmkxzPSUdOIkmxTmCAyHZ43h14syXOUsBomFzSICZyXqeDb-ZHa_FJnwmlQqQrCXsCQ8eyUHCFVzXlbX2rAS-BOsoj1g5VYwdt7vgZ9a2G8XGf1FddtI/s400/19-+Stermphylium_sp_400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - mature brown box-like conidia at the ends of somewhat knobby conidiophores. (400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuY_zH1wrwcn8Oo1od2gubCARlhC5tKWqPjkrtYUXsXrKA_bKFbvS9CCjvFELgI7_oF-drM_zhDUCOPVNld3u__E69ZqiygKkgWkIY_i4hZvzpdJmO2jz-U1xmpmuXQ5MD1iaLZzijftU/s1600/21-+Stemphylium_sp_400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuY_zH1wrwcn8Oo1od2gubCARlhC5tKWqPjkrtYUXsXrKA_bKFbvS9CCjvFELgI7_oF-drM_zhDUCOPVNld3u__E69ZqiygKkgWkIY_i4hZvzpdJmO2jz-U1xmpmuXQ5MD1iaLZzijftU/s400/21-+Stemphylium_sp_400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - conidia with muriform septations.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDOHJkwy7miifBF6JOBGKhfEcxpo85aJhDz2RDML5DV18CpDj0Rf6k8-NxaZHTIht00aD8Z4JubOA2DtYPCQdtdabKcXaPhKB7HmW4cZsp5utgPX9gFOmQltUXJQJlgigJoxE0fZ5AXlE/s1600/22-+Stemphylium_sp_400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDOHJkwy7miifBF6JOBGKhfEcxpo85aJhDz2RDML5DV18CpDj0Rf6k8-NxaZHTIht00aD8Z4JubOA2DtYPCQdtdabKcXaPhKB7HmW4cZsp5utgPX9gFOmQltUXJQJlgigJoxE0fZ5AXlE/s400/22-+Stemphylium_sp_400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - ditto, as above.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifQxb_tDDLjfUSKgyDoLIXERNQeTfYwL9hu5QAOn5olicgnFMFFk1ee3IoZicdiXT5LSWMDgXoQbhkhFX2Eow4AQ96QwkYRHWgybMcPwkP0U2viBo446zKuqZmdttZvwxETMp6kV1qhvI/s1600/23-+Stemphylium_sp_400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifQxb_tDDLjfUSKgyDoLIXERNQeTfYwL9hu5QAOn5olicgnFMFFk1ee3IoZicdiXT5LSWMDgXoQbhkhFX2Eow4AQ96QwkYRHWgybMcPwkP0U2viBo446zKuqZmdttZvwxETMp6kV1qhvI/s400/23-+Stemphylium_sp_400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species -the conidia may also show a marked constriction around a central septum
or division within individual conidia (arrows).</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlVYIns2Kjf_u8g6UM5zRlVpvLwXxcZqAhSOZ8wMpWcr3fBko_Cv2cAH8SddzmZAhdOmYDFYoIHpwA2y_g1NDdanjMDP5D6kLzkTRmQoJKbPBC8PjP9GQTA9FS8T8lY4RrndppGVIaWIY/s1600/24-+Stemphylium_sp_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlVYIns2Kjf_u8g6UM5zRlVpvLwXxcZqAhSOZ8wMpWcr3fBko_Cv2cAH8SddzmZAhdOmYDFYoIHpwA2y_g1NDdanjMDP5D6kLzkTRmQoJKbPBC8PjP9GQTA9FS8T8lY4RrndppGVIaWIY/s400/24-+Stemphylium_sp_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>conidia (12 – 20 µm X
15 – 30 µm, when mature) are produced by growing from the tip (arrow) of the terminal conidiogenous
cell (poroconidia).</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtxq05NEmo5a15-aObqLkQoNVk9qQFDWhWdrSBSIfaMuyk8pkXYeKV2W0I4ss3fyElpZ13JZuwsDW4iMkOeG7bEIGUq8M5wbpZ996H-GN7zDOHaIcwZA8Yb2vcbhwK25yhz5yjchHY-gE/s1600/25-+Stemphylium_sp_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtxq05NEmo5a15-aObqLkQoNVk9qQFDWhWdrSBSIfaMuyk8pkXYeKV2W0I4ss3fyElpZ13JZuwsDW4iMkOeG7bEIGUq8M5wbpZ996H-GN7zDOHaIcwZA8Yb2vcbhwK25yhz5yjchHY-gE/s400/25-+Stemphylium_sp_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
S<i>temphylium</i> species - here on another conidiophore you can see the conidium (poroconidium) increasing in size as it develops. Internal septations have yet to develop.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_nxp8PApsISBK0Cr4Oce_3l34yrFiof_p4mJNYDsBN1CX1-WWdP_VEgygadsTrIgD2BUFvID0piJi_VojPmTESsKdGe8JnvaFpjyVvo6K94iWZ2vGtz9a9A0sEAJ_DLg5KRFirVikSyc/s1600/20-+Stemphylium_sp_400%252B10X.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_nxp8PApsISBK0Cr4Oce_3l34yrFiof_p4mJNYDsBN1CX1-WWdP_VEgygadsTrIgD2BUFvID0piJi_VojPmTESsKdGe8JnvaFpjyVvo6K94iWZ2vGtz9a9A0sEAJ_DLg5KRFirVikSyc/s400/20-+Stemphylium_sp_400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - branching conidiophore -mature brown
conidia and a smaller and younger, pale blue conidium. To follow along from the last two photos, the pale blue conidium is developing further and starting to develop a
transverse septum (light line crossing the inside of the small blue
conidium). (400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDWvNbp7d6H4xscU2tjAqu6pLnTRB2G9kLWecwvu4kRrWbKlL5bI6D_O9_GP34g1Wi9qrtBefOhMu6McLsd9mOIEZKtJ_UKcmC_8EzeT4UToW0u1HMepv-LCtX8fEtR2npjEbf9aJ7V2o/s1600/26-+Stermphylium_sp_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDWvNbp7d6H4xscU2tjAqu6pLnTRB2G9kLWecwvu4kRrWbKlL5bI6D_O9_GP34g1Wi9qrtBefOhMu6McLsd9mOIEZKtJ_UKcmC_8EzeT4UToW0u1HMepv-LCtX8fEtR2npjEbf9aJ7V2o/s400/26-+Stermphylium_sp_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - Mature brown muriform septate conidia showing central construction along where the transverse septum crosses. Conidiophores may develop a knobby appearance with maturity and the cell at the
apex of the conidiophore which bears the conidium may show a slight swelling in
relation to the rest of the conidiophore.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkUc5JWvAeA-GJkfYZ9HCpQHONMfg5iHUMWXlG8lu2ien1fHb47VFoooHLBXnNx-Yg2WcZhpbL4gKFtiwAbZSyog6I7-uRaQrrxLNlX5krSJFgLzDmUvklYuz4vXhwl8Du0HjtfG1y8oc/s1600/27-+Stermphylium_sp_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkUc5JWvAeA-GJkfYZ9HCpQHONMfg5iHUMWXlG8lu2ien1fHb47VFoooHLBXnNx-Yg2WcZhpbL4gKFtiwAbZSyog6I7-uRaQrrxLNlX5krSJFgLzDmUvklYuz4vXhwl8Du0HjtfG1y8oc/s400/27-+Stermphylium_sp_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - as above.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfnn3GTTlJ-8wP2X5IPusWEjaM2SPErSl2u1fJGY2lGhtBIryxCm8tPljiaW4d4XGnuiULpvHHmWeNQwWJeyygpmw98tQ7gkvn8AyJQ4i6kyLOhMk8SzUgigBW5QiFFZfR8YBlMIL1h0g/s1600/28-+Stermphylium_sp_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfnn3GTTlJ-8wP2X5IPusWEjaM2SPErSl2u1fJGY2lGhtBIryxCm8tPljiaW4d4XGnuiULpvHHmWeNQwWJeyygpmw98tQ7gkvn8AyJQ4i6kyLOhMk8SzUgigBW5QiFFZfR8YBlMIL1h0g/s400/28-+Stermphylium_sp_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - As above. Different stages of maturity. Too many photos, I know!</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRsyrbCPiLeYihcvY-wvUI7WBznTlji1NgaDmatBuR_mNru_Z7hhoUpSjvmx7s8wV1vYMg4Cg42vo3-B2vLtIJEdz2h6M6Pu2LLKN_4yxuy0rZ55iuW8RB5fMc0EmGS9n9UmFRKEtv0Q0/s1600/29-+Stermphylium_sp_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRsyrbCPiLeYihcvY-wvUI7WBznTlji1NgaDmatBuR_mNru_Z7hhoUpSjvmx7s8wV1vYMg4Cg42vo3-B2vLtIJEdz2h6M6Pu2LLKN_4yxuy0rZ55iuW8RB5fMc0EmGS9n9UmFRKEtv0Q0/s400/29-+Stermphylium_sp_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - ditto.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAsdiUumpAGMIQdtC4D3clZDiu41q2PKYtBPm7fShWj3-aNEdTblnVCywXxY9IgZl6rAVvcEOMimJ8noI85OkegKe6GZ0Zh2vzOPoF0HXKbAcoSQ_Lkb41TLvpBGn2ZakU00p3j792WDw/s1600/30-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAsdiUumpAGMIQdtC4D3clZDiu41q2PKYtBPm7fShWj3-aNEdTblnVCywXxY9IgZl6rAVvcEOMimJ8noI85OkegKe6GZ0Zh2vzOPoF0HXKbAcoSQ_Lkb41TLvpBGn2ZakU00p3j792WDw/s400/30-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - conidia can be smooth
or rough (echinulate) in texture.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX6vDB-36O1AbzXe78SIuysTpf92v76kqq2L_PDm9hWHTbXJw3Yf2eANQGTPqU725vc2Nh7ythPIwQVVDNFyhz79QkrK-JIKeMzjyUDWKQBoyxGDgYHITz4woGSM4WwxcwmCl5vAFNUio/s1600/31-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX6vDB-36O1AbzXe78SIuysTpf92v76kqq2L_PDm9hWHTbXJw3Yf2eANQGTPqU725vc2Nh7ythPIwQVVDNFyhz79QkrK-JIKeMzjyUDWKQBoyxGDgYHITz4woGSM4WwxcwmCl5vAFNUio/s400/31-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - can be smooth
or rough (echinulate) in texture. Conidiogenous cell at tip of conidiophore may be somewhat distended (wider, swollen) in relation to the rest of the conidiophore.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1ufnJ91JYLm7ey2BMVHrA4U3YSlO1sPCl_jXWG-vWIq2pWWKJLcJkj4yVMAwGOo7No3gUn-YCOpAg_2LyepiFJb6lGtgqL-Lf8NLgbSk2j5U5N2yFDF0jfn4t8eJCPX3EoTBVcBg6_F8/s1600/32-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1ufnJ91JYLm7ey2BMVHrA4U3YSlO1sPCl_jXWG-vWIq2pWWKJLcJkj4yVMAwGOo7No3gUn-YCOpAg_2LyepiFJb6lGtgqL-Lf8NLgbSk2j5U5N2yFDF0jfn4t8eJCPX3EoTBVcBg6_F8/s400/32-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - conidiophore shows septation.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsrxs-jdu8Rb8uNk_3x36VEjL_1v0OeQZonxq0N4ico1ho-0jY_38pyBtxaFO_c899IzDpWUkHvX-4dyl9YZWSvE8YbkHBvSbzfsLHQemUoK17Wee5St0AJZbL7pmxnnqzhyN20rKGPM8/s1600/33-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsrxs-jdu8Rb8uNk_3x36VEjL_1v0OeQZonxq0N4ico1ho-0jY_38pyBtxaFO_c899IzDpWUkHvX-4dyl9YZWSvE8YbkHBvSbzfsLHQemUoK17Wee5St0AJZbL7pmxnnqzhyN20rKGPM8/s400/33-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - again, conidiogenous cell closest to the tip may show a slight swelling in relation to the rest of the conidiophore.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3KDgFEvF93-_CQLyPVDBlnQZ5D1k2bVH-RSEKyfkSSPn8lKeSMegY5D_JSrHCdo4eIsvpoYlXgi_YHvzZrwXfCfDKlYvQXv9yWpoauzVRw2LA-eKMqHVwyG_R9CsHr3RsMbRbNjH2nZI/s1600/34-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3KDgFEvF93-_CQLyPVDBlnQZ5D1k2bVH-RSEKyfkSSPn8lKeSMegY5D_JSrHCdo4eIsvpoYlXgi_YHvzZrwXfCfDKlYvQXv9yWpoauzVRw2LA-eKMqHVwyG_R9CsHr3RsMbRbNjH2nZI/s400/34-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - conidia with various surface textures.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp-xTTFy-Asid7NXmRmbPNV-pNOyX5pVDTbK4BRUDiVXTRt0Q9yQc7Z6lxfmtiXwSRNz2dPOrWboFkTMjQovnoFUuoIR4C58Hl2crzIEA4JQkm606190qlr2EDNNorAoHfaaQYeH6eLwg/s1600/35-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp-xTTFy-Asid7NXmRmbPNV-pNOyX5pVDTbK4BRUDiVXTRt0Q9yQc7Z6lxfmtiXwSRNz2dPOrWboFkTMjQovnoFUuoIR4C58Hl2crzIEA4JQkm606190qlr2EDNNorAoHfaaQYeH6eLwg/s400/35-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - yet another photo! You get the picture by now...</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoBZp46PAck6zJC6FsW-uiOlVK-uTL41d2ErbikvEUAGKQia6unvxaQDZYUxjpPe2STttWZpYGF0El9P6h1lWimqhDtOGSWr2JQ9BHYDNj539pP_J5Y_uw4sToAnpDENXu64i1UdZfT28/s1600/36-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoBZp46PAck6zJC6FsW-uiOlVK-uTL41d2ErbikvEUAGKQia6unvxaQDZYUxjpPe2STttWZpYGF0El9P6h1lWimqhDtOGSWr2JQ9BHYDNj539pP_J5Y_uw4sToAnpDENXu64i1UdZfT28/s400/36-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjvcqXwtfxZ-2jsBzVcdxlNpWIvvJ3ZO3weXo8jKtQ0Cx7uSHngacDtpQvD-mLN0IDOXaFhRPtAaiXSftpHpH3zMjazDlwrTQUn5IAJle2hD80Vfbb5G8OzI0KVxsXPGpKkLhNTUNgq84/s1600/37-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjvcqXwtfxZ-2jsBzVcdxlNpWIvvJ3ZO3weXo8jKtQ0Cx7uSHngacDtpQvD-mLN0IDOXaFhRPtAaiXSftpHpH3zMjazDlwrTQUn5IAJle2hD80Vfbb5G8OzI0KVxsXPGpKkLhNTUNgq84/s400/37-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpNIpMpeGqXGDIWCJQxCHJ95ZF8zc2G_y2a9wjKqTJ4K6MomFCfgvF1djtRovADajAxKEU-qhWHMY5fp9DBFD3ld_EFrhlWLR8jAqB9c3JSPxOpxy2J-qmWux6TshosbmJRsUcmrzVS5U/s1600/38-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpNIpMpeGqXGDIWCJQxCHJ95ZF8zc2G_y2a9wjKqTJ4K6MomFCfgvF1djtRovADajAxKEU-qhWHMY5fp9DBFD3ld_EFrhlWLR8jAqB9c3JSPxOpxy2J-qmWux6TshosbmJRsUcmrzVS5U/s400/38-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - poroconidium (doesn't show the annular frill which is seen on somewhat similar looking muriform conidia produced by <i>Pithomyces</i> species.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWab4SNg6Veh2Sc-tXWJXyyfCvHdOuCmyt4WwQKDFiMnVm99sP5LGlSzkMtI6oWgijHlu8YwwNQ3fiIfxkiuecXRCydXFaQafUo3qhTwYyLsBC4pqYhVhFsW_TVb8fwWR3bVyoa5ecNis/s1600/39-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWab4SNg6Veh2Sc-tXWJXyyfCvHdOuCmyt4WwQKDFiMnVm99sP5LGlSzkMtI6oWgijHlu8YwwNQ3fiIfxkiuecXRCydXFaQafUo3qhTwYyLsBC4pqYhVhFsW_TVb8fwWR3bVyoa5ecNis/s400/39-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - looks like a degenerating, rather wilted conidiophore.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq-bqzaumZwVXLp2LIJA_OEMWpI5NyYn7-i56ZVizZzqmGxufkA7CYETsNWtpgYrAwAD4IuZj3MecQBQMKRDEV2hEWGI6-VUVzSSTDuLHu0LwE5AptSVZA5VaoyyVul-nKbqqFdF24U3Q/s1600/40-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq-bqzaumZwVXLp2LIJA_OEMWpI5NyYn7-i56ZVizZzqmGxufkA7CYETsNWtpgYrAwAD4IuZj3MecQBQMKRDEV2hEWGI6-VUVzSSTDuLHu0LwE5AptSVZA5VaoyyVul-nKbqqFdF24U3Q/s400/40-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species- branching septate conidiophore.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKTKIfydQTr1ZD1bpIMPGtfG3tEaUV7Xq39ahyphenhyphen8hoNhyphenhyphencWMaILWBcoJvnghB54AemiSYq92U33DcbTlD2JpJBQltAT1oBiIWOhJ4LCAmWbdNu1UDt0xPm0p-QTAW54p1MddfJd3Q8-NEY/s1600/41-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKTKIfydQTr1ZD1bpIMPGtfG3tEaUV7Xq39ahyphenhyphen8hoNhyphenhyphencWMaILWBcoJvnghB54AemiSYq92U33DcbTlD2JpJBQltAT1oBiIWOhJ4LCAmWbdNu1UDt0xPm0p-QTAW54p1MddfJd3Q8-NEY/s400/41-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species - branching conidiophore.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1dTq6FQv9U5wzQY99eP99CC-Loa16tEDScl9__CudGBLdjXi7zBQNGfpe3KxIJQPsvR1urqGaq5QWnh0BnLL_HBxlLkUCZzJFC-pkp3C0F8BDXIlI3XZnFn8DL6LS61h5rNLiXEjtD1Q/s1600/42-+Stermphylium_sp_100%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1dTq6FQv9U5wzQY99eP99CC-Loa16tEDScl9__CudGBLdjXi7zBQNGfpe3KxIJQPsvR1urqGaq5QWnh0BnLL_HBxlLkUCZzJFC-pkp3C0F8BDXIlI3XZnFn8DL6LS61h5rNLiXEjtD1Q/s400/42-+Stermphylium_sp_100%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZEJhKiYJMLYN6WnCqB3XS1kMq2xuSsAWuE5FgpqUR3FUpHKNPYeYN2KbUEMDjpDaRbio9tWTmZIsZ85RmsIvdGqTyNGL_qXCeW9sJTwEPlzfntDPh8-2NB15Yn5Gyv0ypE4jXAt8d5nc/s1600/43-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZEJhKiYJMLYN6WnCqB3XS1kMq2xuSsAWuE5FgpqUR3FUpHKNPYeYN2KbUEMDjpDaRbio9tWTmZIsZ85RmsIvdGqTyNGL_qXCeW9sJTwEPlzfntDPh8-2NB15Yn5Gyv0ypE4jXAt8d5nc/s400/43-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4f413Us2EBvBzyZdfByFmnnMQc06t_51ju7J99RQuN-B5u2IynXAbgalVhhUdL66GXJGe5xJaW6oD8eo-KkzyTR8mc0Fs3FRmSjCnMLsShObIA65LG0DMy3Tfj8ed3Tm_lwDjw4na8dc/s1600/44-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4f413Us2EBvBzyZdfByFmnnMQc06t_51ju7J99RQuN-B5u2IynXAbgalVhhUdL66GXJGe5xJaW6oD8eo-KkzyTR8mc0Fs3FRmSjCnMLsShObIA65LG0DMy3Tfj8ed3Tm_lwDjw4na8dc/s400/44-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu_KHtfGHy_McTEv4hyc5Vahkwh0-9MU7upeFBuWHwUURW8JcK2ELe1L3LRSwJKkrD6i3a9bGgKaSUgX2x6Wu1Bb09Db0SBLtg85P2DY-c5wV8McmPAgfB-cWbG-kJsgqlx8f7FHJU7Ls/s1600/45-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu_KHtfGHy_McTEv4hyc5Vahkwh0-9MU7upeFBuWHwUURW8JcK2ELe1L3LRSwJKkrD6i3a9bGgKaSUgX2x6Wu1Bb09Db0SBLtg85P2DY-c5wV8McmPAgfB-cWbG-kJsgqlx8f7FHJU7Ls/s400/45-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3Uyfj84R3OY6eDFp86XSOeTeiBtJmyHMY1m8vPzrBhkUXFoy1h-y0OxAb7v5xidmAyc8pHozZEnxNXIQrpWes9mX0xI3CUNEzfm1phtxh5MvOOE4CBsoq07xPq96wCM3m73D_k4XOCuk/s1600/46-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3Uyfj84R3OY6eDFp86XSOeTeiBtJmyHMY1m8vPzrBhkUXFoy1h-y0OxAb7v5xidmAyc8pHozZEnxNXIQrpWes9mX0xI3CUNEzfm1phtxh5MvOOE4CBsoq07xPq96wCM3m73D_k4XOCuk/s400/46-+Stermphylium_sp_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Stemphylium</i> species -Last one. I don't know what I was thinking, uploading some 45 photos to illustrate Stemphylium species. As with most of the posts in this blog, the photos posted represent only 10% of what I've taken. Sorry for anyone who I lost with boredom -I find the little critters fascinating.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>) </div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Note:</b></span> May be
confused with other darkly pigmented moulds such as <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2010/06/alternaria-alternata.html" target="_blank"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Alternaria</i> species</a>,<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2015/07/pithomyces-species.html" target="_blank"> <i>Pithomyces</i> species,</a> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ulocladium</i> species (see
table below).<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCxsBOqq9jnDRUtzPj4Dy9DfA_o9-a6Ud4Whp1P_bNIa6lQHLYDmysNgCn2STdjEJsM5pau6jgoQHlsKpm5PV70V7jGgCcfu1WjEdVn4oekKY3DCH3wZnV9nnIxZlMaHJcHyMfPQc4qhY/s1600/Dark+Muriform+Fungi+Table+-4.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCxsBOqq9jnDRUtzPj4Dy9DfA_o9-a6Ud4Whp1P_bNIa6lQHLYDmysNgCn2STdjEJsM5pau6jgoQHlsKpm5PV70V7jGgCcfu1WjEdVn4oekKY3DCH3wZnV9nnIxZlMaHJcHyMfPQc4qhY/s640/Dark+Muriform+Fungi+Table+-4.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b> <span style="font-size: small;">Too small to read? Click on table to get image. Now right click on image and select 'view image'. In Windows, cursor now has a + sign within it. Click on image of table to now magnify the table.</span></b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Alternatively, just click and download the damn thing...</span></b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>* * * </b></span></span></div>
</div>
Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-15191939079438666402015-07-04T12:47:00.000-04:002015-07-04T15:59:09.700-04:00Pithomyces species<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: large;">Pithomyces species</span> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">-Hyphomycete</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ecology:</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The
genus <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pithomyces</i> has approximately 50
recognized species to date.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Speciation
is most accurately achieved by molecular means; however, careful observation of
morphological features can identify this mould to the genus level.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pithomyces</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> species are dematiaceous
saprobes (darkly pigmented moulds which commonly grow on dead organic matter)
and may be found on the leaves and stems of a variety of plants. They have also
been isolated from decaying wood, tree bark (Acacia) and from soil.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pathogenicity:</span></b></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pithomyces</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> species have been
implicated in human disease however their role has not been sufficiently
substantiated. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pithomyces</i> has reportedly been isolated
from finger and toe nails, a hand lesion (skin scrapings), peritoneal fluid, bronchial
washings, and from a chronic nasal polyposis. The mould may also contribute to
general allergic reactions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the
United States, the most commonly isolated <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pithomyces</i>
species appear to be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">P. chartarum,</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">P. sacchari,</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">P. maydicus</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pithomyces</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> species have been
implicated in pithomycotoxicosis (facial eczema) of ruminants such as sheep,
cattle and goats.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">P.chartarum</i>, in particular is considered the cause of facial eczema
in sheep.</span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pithomyces</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> species are commonly
considered to be laboratory contaminants, however, they should not be ruled out
without careful consideration, particularly in immunocompromised patients.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Macroscopic Morphology:</span></b></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pithomyces</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> exhibits fairly rapid
growth, maturing in about five days to a week.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Colonies on SAB at 30ᵒC are olivaceous, light to dark brown to
brownish-black.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Colour is species and
media dependant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dark brown to black
areas, may be seen macroscopically on some species <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(P. atro-olivaceus</i>), revealing sporodochia (pleural of
sporodochium), which are areas of greater conidial production.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The overall colonial texture is downy to
cottony, with a short feathery nap (effuse).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The reverse is brown to brownish-black in colour.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">The
isolate presented in this blog (SAB 30ᵒC) post had a lighter cream coloured
fringe or edge to the colony.</span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn3B78urdFCc7mEd8EZOI2ib6g5UWvp6iBzhpF88TwQhQ6fCEckTUTmczOnEO7XM-Och_S-kS0XHOGS8FJZYAJlkGXpmJqtQ6gw4lK_t8sn-rh7dUkZsADP2Knkh9tlKvSqTzqe8o-QKM/s1600/00-+Pithomyces_sp+SAB+1wk.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhn3B78urdFCc7mEd8EZOI2ib6g5UWvp6iBzhpF88TwQhQ6fCEckTUTmczOnEO7XM-Och_S-kS0XHOGS8FJZYAJlkGXpmJqtQ6gw4lK_t8sn-rh7dUkZsADP2Knkh9tlKvSqTzqe8o-QKM/s400/00-+Pithomyces_sp+SAB+1wk.jpg" width="393" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"> <i>Pithomyces </i>species - Sabouraud-Dextrose Agar (SAB), 1 Week, </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">30ᵒC <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">(Nikon)</a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Microscopic Morphology:</span></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCYpW1McHBtcRAHcv4rcZi5NIxxpzu0Gip6jdGgehzgKHDIg03ILkuzjRyJkwQgAUD9rjm5xGP3QdHiPwCl-L08q5wVsvXtf6rB5pRgSp4ZIHcvVnqOrFnJYsm3IolYSMSfK8a0HJs_R4/s1600/01-+Pithiomyces_sp+%2528Rev%2529+1wk.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCYpW1McHBtcRAHcv4rcZi5NIxxpzu0Gip6jdGgehzgKHDIg03ILkuzjRyJkwQgAUD9rjm5xGP3QdHiPwCl-L08q5wVsvXtf6rB5pRgSp4ZIHcvVnqOrFnJYsm3IolYSMSfK8a0HJs_R4/s200/01-+Pithiomyces_sp+%2528Rev%2529+1wk.jpg" width="174" /></a></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pithomyces</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> species produce septate,
sub-hyaline (pale to light brown) hyphae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Conidiophores are generally short (peg-like, ~10 µm length), and rather
poorly differentiated from the vegetative hyphae from which they extend.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conidia (10 – 17 µm X 18 – 30 µm) are
produced singly at the apex of the conidiophore where they are attached by a
short denticle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After conidial
dehiscence (release of conidia), a visible annular frill may remain at the
conidial base where once attached to the conidiophore.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conidia are muriform (have both longitudinal
and transverse septations) and are broadly ellipsoidal to ovate (egg shaped) or
pyriform (pear shaped) in shape.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">P.chartarum</i> usually exhibits 2 – 5
transverse septa with 0 – 3 longitudinal septa. The muriform or septation
pattern may be species dependant; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">P.
atro-olivaceus </i>may only produce horizontal septa. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conidia are dark brown in colour when mature
and usually have an echinulate (spiny or prickly) or verruculose/verrucose (warty)
texture. </span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #674ea7;">Caution: Micron scale (<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">µm</span>) may change between 50 or 100 </span></b><b><span style="color: #674ea7;"><b><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">µm</span></span></b> at higher magnifications.</span></b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdroRKNPiq-VwfCk6tlNktxRmKkm4QOrONtt0FDvFljFxL_Na8ddmq63Zpv_QwAAiocTO20yIgTvR_CV55j2aNp1LX-hAhrIMpjTZpElDqrdXv09QRDFWJtx3wV4Ew9TCsxYNPsRDmwNA/s1600/02-+Pithomyces_sp+250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdroRKNPiq-VwfCk6tlNktxRmKkm4QOrONtt0FDvFljFxL_Na8ddmq63Zpv_QwAAiocTO20yIgTvR_CV55j2aNp1LX-hAhrIMpjTZpElDqrdXv09QRDFWJtx3wV4Ew9TCsxYNPsRDmwNA/s400/02-+Pithomyces_sp+250X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Pithomyces </i>species - Initial view -growth from the edge of a slide culture.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">(250X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108)</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI9YOoYYKqvmqrX8kBX3wgcDZK13nBhBVlbaNre6fTTDqewP6WjYIMNReubg9uaJV_KmhBzZcwBGDN_wBUhSwrnzuIP_ahwEMa6gMkfkbX8d8fqhNpCk_NjPdj5OCWYoSeR3DejvxMmMY/s1600/03-+Pithomyces_sp+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI9YOoYYKqvmqrX8kBX3wgcDZK13nBhBVlbaNre6fTTDqewP6WjYIMNReubg9uaJV_KmhBzZcwBGDN_wBUhSwrnzuIP_ahwEMa6gMkfkbX8d8fqhNpCk_NjPdj5OCWYoSeR3DejvxMmMY/s400/03-+Pithomyces_sp+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><i>Pithomyces </i>species - darkly pigmented conidia with internal septations are seen.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeauve8wCsusfDU8SPvUG7XxTbU07-9a_nB4w9Ufrho4NUHQ77em7QTfLFUaPNdU_3LrL35EdKqyyViZrRkanUyyK3xI6WdZmNE1UFi75G2xJ1Ai8J0ZFrCrlbS344Qdn63JcHk4XeGzY/s1600/04-+Pithomyces_sp+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeauve8wCsusfDU8SPvUG7XxTbU07-9a_nB4w9Ufrho4NUHQ77em7QTfLFUaPNdU_3LrL35EdKqyyViZrRkanUyyK3xI6WdZmNE1UFi75G2xJ1Ai8J0ZFrCrlbS344Qdn63JcHk4XeGzY/s400/04-+Pithomyces_sp+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i>Pithomyces </i>species - Numerous, pigmented conidia seen. Insert shows the muriform (both longitudinal and transverse septa) septations.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggmNswY0LU8iY100OULkZmU8BvR90Rz6LzgCt7rMz9xqMgVhZbhbbqqjr3-V-lc9BGe1Xm7umYNR7MuOVwdgVsf_JyOMoOICynR4gbbJ25001_rqqJKcqmPk_Az05xUDbYpGMNFEYYuXE/s1600/05-+Pithomyces_sp+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggmNswY0LU8iY100OULkZmU8BvR90Rz6LzgCt7rMz9xqMgVhZbhbbqqjr3-V-lc9BGe1Xm7umYNR7MuOVwdgVsf_JyOMoOICynR4gbbJ25001_rqqJKcqmPk_Az05xUDbYpGMNFEYYuXE/s400/05-+Pithomyces_sp+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Pithomyces</i> species - after conidial dehiscence (release of conidia), a visible annular frill may remain at the conidial base where once attached to the conidiophore. (400X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Pithomyces</i> species - conidia are broadly ellipsoidal to ovate (egg shaped) or pyriform (pear shaped) in shape. (400X, LPCB, 400X)</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Pithomyces</i> species - Conidia are borne on short stalks. Brownish pigment has exuded from the hyphae and can be seen as the brown haze alongside the hypha. (400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Pithomyces</i> species - conidiophores are generally short (peg-like, ~10 µm length), and rather poorly differentiated from the vegetative hyphae from which they extend. (400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE4NV4I7VYut5WugKiRtbk8j1dzb1Z5iaQe7OVbvSF8wDTGTDcRQdjhsh63HqebWFWRvpKER98WtvkqDrrlZ2urWGm_CYcvRfWphT_qyv7ljRY2bFF9q4l1pK9SS71qEuRRTdXsdISDO4/s1600/08-+Pithomyces_sp+400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE4NV4I7VYut5WugKiRtbk8j1dzb1Z5iaQe7OVbvSF8wDTGTDcRQdjhsh63HqebWFWRvpKER98WtvkqDrrlZ2urWGm_CYcvRfWphT_qyv7ljRY2bFF9q4l1pK9SS71qEuRRTdXsdISDO4/s400/08-+Pithomyces_sp+400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species - as above. (400+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species - conidia (10 – 17 µm X 18 – 30 µm) are produced singly at the apex of the conidiophore where they are attached by a short denticle. (400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species - septate hypha with pigment seen along the outer walls of several. Conidium on short stalk is seen at center right. (400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species - single, elongated conidium seen at the apex of a withering hyphal element or conidiophore. (400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species - some chains appeared to be formed by this particulate isolate. Only one source I consulted (Davone -see sidebar) stated that <i>Pithomyces</i> species do not chain. I isolate presented here conforms to the characteristics described for <i>Pithomyces</i> with the exception of chain formation by the conidia. This should not be confused with the chain-like formation of conidia as seen in <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2010/06/alternaria-alternata.html" target="_blank"><i>Alternaria</i> species.</a> (400+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species - ditto.</div>
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(400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species - yet another photo at higher magnification...<br />
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species - oval conidium at apex of a short stock which shows little differentiation from the vegetative hyphae. (1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvAG2KKRpRZgTHQ1yzoU4palr25x2j3x4DpJwW_u_kjwHmMLKFfeB4CeeAZr1EgyVCd9s44tnvWH5RP47ZbSFnyQGGMg7nxxUhw0NX68tsku7i6XFboA6yweFoYpr8-4UV_39qJp8vYlk/s1600/17-+Pithomyces_sp+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvAG2KKRpRZgTHQ1yzoU4palr25x2j3x4DpJwW_u_kjwHmMLKFfeB4CeeAZr1EgyVCd9s44tnvWH5RP47ZbSFnyQGGMg7nxxUhw0NX68tsku7i6XFboA6yweFoYpr8-4UV_39qJp8vYlk/s400/17-+Pithomyces_sp+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species - pigment escaping from the hyphae into the surrounding medium. <br />
Vegetative mycelium composed of thin-walled hyaline, septate, smooth or verrucose, septate hyphae, 4–7 µm diameter, which may give rise to chains of verrucose, one-celled, dark brown, intercalary chlamydospores 10 -20 µm X 8 - 18 µm<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a>.</span><br />
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(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuRvof4ejko0_Q6ieKQZItUR7_updzvKNkO5a0yuulDZdLehQPtvQt1VDR_CXlCnOQieWH6P3f-fm2Nh2_qiTNwcPLpwAsHR_yuXrD0x4opHSjynl-eHP07nlNapVgTlhistQecfELHik/s1600/18-+Pithomyces_sp+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuRvof4ejko0_Q6ieKQZItUR7_updzvKNkO5a0yuulDZdLehQPtvQt1VDR_CXlCnOQieWH6P3f-fm2Nh2_qiTNwcPLpwAsHR_yuXrD0x4opHSjynl-eHP07nlNapVgTlhistQecfELHik/s400/18-+Pithomyces_sp+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species - pigment escaping from the septate hyphae into the surrounding medium. Annular frill can be seen attached to the anterior end of the conidium.<br />
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species - more intercalary chlamydospores seen as described two photos above.<br />
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Pithomyces </i>species - <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Conidia are dark brown in colour when mature
and usually have an echinulate (spiny or prickly) or verruculose/verrucose (warty)
texture. The conidium at center-right clearly shows a spiny or prickly surface. Intense uptake of the Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) dye somewhat obscures the muriform septations within the conidium.</span></div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species - appears to be attached at both ends which would make it an intercalary chlamydospore (?)<br />
(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_vWoSmG9Z6ifQe7LGdAmqwKz-26eycLyuotD_V2g3avpy_MoVpMUfQbUgMIbYXuyB6M3AXQjx-K6jqABcQywuhXPFxsQZYLBr0auq5lKL2RFOUFNG2jod3sIre3TCzbr04S_H2MrNbZY/s1600/20-+Pithomyces_sp+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_vWoSmG9Z6ifQe7LGdAmqwKz-26eycLyuotD_V2g3avpy_MoVpMUfQbUgMIbYXuyB6M3AXQjx-K6jqABcQywuhXPFxsQZYLBr0auq5lKL2RFOUFNG2jod3sIre3TCzbr04S_H2MrNbZY/s400/20-+Pithomyces_sp+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species - short, peg-like, conidiophores arising from the vegetative hyphae at right-angles with single pigmented, muriform conidium at each apex.<br />
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCaFVzLFoQAw3UcH2KzdBuEq0mf7Iw0MNCfepicBM1sbDOyyCJ8MY9lqcSoYXgyxfiiZd5BvQOZ0FkZr_pQwri0qdVFglhhmd6YXder4zdMWOaHGGrJ4iOM5ILF9ONFGKLRSMhJOaf_OY/s1600/21-+Pithomyces_sp+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCaFVzLFoQAw3UcH2KzdBuEq0mf7Iw0MNCfepicBM1sbDOyyCJ8MY9lqcSoYXgyxfiiZd5BvQOZ0FkZr_pQwri0qdVFglhhmd6YXder4zdMWOaHGGrJ4iOM5ILF9ONFGKLRSMhJOaf_OY/s400/21-+Pithomyces_sp+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species -here you get it all as described in previous photos. Pigmented septate hyphae with pigment escaping into the surrounding medium. Prickly surfaced muriform conidia borne singly on short peg-like conidiophores. The free conidium closest to the top shows the annular frill which remains from where it was attached to the conidiophore.<br />
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX96NjZWfdvJtOYl3fg1Gj5N1qfGLK6Caj0P54PwKxqv8Wks8T37oSD2Fz4KYeaHRP1XBuuXI89QG8DYWMrn5En5FT5CBgTNcTO0CK0cKOSRp351uk0xB2umhl_dnX8jDZ78uK-y2LBgQ/s1600/22-+Pithomyces_sp+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX96NjZWfdvJtOYl3fg1Gj5N1qfGLK6Caj0P54PwKxqv8Wks8T37oSD2Fz4KYeaHRP1XBuuXI89QG8DYWMrn5En5FT5CBgTNcTO0CK0cKOSRp351uk0xB2umhl_dnX8jDZ78uK-y2LBgQ/s400/22-+Pithomyces_sp+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species -two, rather smooth walled, conidia attached to the hypha by short conidiophores.<br />
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4Jog6963lwPHlzduHjqZbyCnsdZbS9vrAEzT8kXGhP0-lu2QnZEZqMuOK7QoAzlW1ivyr8fAyk1liAGtjY7RWpGJvFUwVCv5CdvC1laLDk29pGJrkJGAJBM_O8sfyj0TRrqjNNB2xAL0/s1600/23-+Pithomyces_sp+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4Jog6963lwPHlzduHjqZbyCnsdZbS9vrAEzT8kXGhP0-lu2QnZEZqMuOK7QoAzlW1ivyr8fAyk1liAGtjY7RWpGJvFUwVCv5CdvC1laLDk29pGJrkJGAJBM_O8sfyj0TRrqjNNB2xAL0/s400/23-+Pithomyces_sp+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species - some chaining (?) evident.<br />
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPlY0zs-iizBOOsS7w1gJlo18wC1t-ZqYljODcMPLAUq553KLrXrDl8gW0egZsrpXqfzcZhfgOOC7HVXXC9vNsTD7zfqHevXAMTS05PPYXviqkV64zJpXX68m7D7APguXcHRjfNaxGEqw/s1600/25-+Pithomyces_sp+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPlY0zs-iizBOOsS7w1gJlo18wC1t-ZqYljODcMPLAUq553KLrXrDl8gW0egZsrpXqfzcZhfgOOC7HVXXC9vNsTD7zfqHevXAMTS05PPYXviqkV64zJpXX68m7D7APguXcHRjfNaxGEqw/s400/25-+Pithomyces_sp+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Pithomyces</i> species - single muriform conidium at the end of a short conidiophore.<br />
(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAzHvVZBa-hbVYHebSaJQURJyx0pnQ_cpJ9l9JINFwXcv_OZYRt1phMRJKx_eSii2Heaovet22B97D6NhFL3y8_eROY3Yr14dz8xHNtFvKZzZpbJeelvR_fmhh8xM7Y8bHUvi4bouwSOQ/s400/26-+Pithomyces_sp+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species - single muriform conidium at the end of a short, rather twisted, conidiophore.(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ6gpORVQgr8lbtScZ5Pd5AkhuwgRHYsBo51fuF9ps0f6yUtm16duAvDrMUqNI5PbntZhmnEASyPri9kviYRQusjF92qjKDko6tq67SI27DSAhAT6T_5rmUTiqK6xVSBbwRfdWqTUsw54/s1600/27-+Pithomyces_sp+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ6gpORVQgr8lbtScZ5Pd5AkhuwgRHYsBo51fuF9ps0f6yUtm16duAvDrMUqNI5PbntZhmnEASyPri9kviYRQusjF92qjKDko6tq67SI27DSAhAT6T_5rmUTiqK6xVSBbwRfdWqTUsw54/s400/27-+Pithomyces_sp+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species - conidia are borne singly at the ends of the conidiophores.<br />
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmxHb6C0c2gSIf-jpZklrCaK3gsTtWSK5L-UArFxjjeSM8XzfCyVeiUSOGbMHEFvYEYRLTKBs7nzAiSYldQxjCJKGahY-ms8iCqV5DWk3F9dliuJw8l-e0qEL1ZpqSjRvH_V-UWFpdnpg/s1600/28-+Pithomyces_sp+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmxHb6C0c2gSIf-jpZklrCaK3gsTtWSK5L-UArFxjjeSM8XzfCyVeiUSOGbMHEFvYEYRLTKBs7nzAiSYldQxjCJKGahY-ms8iCqV5DWk3F9dliuJw8l-e0qEL1ZpqSjRvH_V-UWFpdnpg/s400/28-+Pithomyces_sp+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species - I'm trying to figure this one out. Are those two conidia arising from two, obscured, conidiophores, or is one an intercallary chlamydospore with a conidiophore & conidium arising from the same area of the hypha?.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiTvdik-GPua_00Yo6xUcpTXl7DHv-Z6mUc2SxIuFKM1J_rr5bammcMD1CA4lCiCNZFH9pgXY_Y5j6sVETgVfLjJlPRl5OZJ2KTB_jddDKkTwm8d4yI-nbPrdxSmlosy5N4kalpFvZO1k/s1600/29-+Pithomyces_sp+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiTvdik-GPua_00Yo6xUcpTXl7DHv-Z6mUc2SxIuFKM1J_rr5bammcMD1CA4lCiCNZFH9pgXY_Y5j6sVETgVfLjJlPRl5OZJ2KTB_jddDKkTwm8d4yI-nbPrdxSmlosy5N4kalpFvZO1k/s400/29-+Pithomyces_sp+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species - Sources state that <i>Pithomyces</i> conidiophores produce single conidia. Does this photo show a single conidium at the end of a short, pale pigmented conidiophore or is conidiphore the LPCB stained structure arising from the hyphae below with the apex of the conidiophore branched, and one conidium missing? You decide...</div>
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(1000+10X, LPCB,<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank"> DMD-108</a>)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Z5kLwMEsko1EMP4dw-VbB3pcRVCTtrTd6NKkeCyAqtSuMQ4p8dyP8LpbRnCpLpCGShAW68057vbfifpK6lAE0u7Rb8q3b11Z65nA-OzBfefQ6WL-AzIYY6FqAz5Pci1RkdYzDUegU3Q/s1600/30-+Pithomyces_sp+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1Z5kLwMEsko1EMP4dw-VbB3pcRVCTtrTd6NKkeCyAqtSuMQ4p8dyP8LpbRnCpLpCGShAW68057vbfifpK6lAE0u7Rb8q3b11Z65nA-OzBfefQ6WL-AzIYY6FqAz5Pci1RkdYzDUegU3Q/s400/30-+Pithomyces_sp+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species -muriform conidia at the end of short peg-like conidiophores.<br />
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Arial Narrow";"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_UGz_Z6kmhGNm3aqwU9AZzRNwiBUYoy02Lk3AvzHakDx-q_fEIy0JTSb_udQs7JnGbe_twnn55KGMV0DdAbfO8OKVniGf0NcZky1-AcOQsCoY4stdEgvynRpuKxPd0Nmdf1z8aVB7bQ/s1600/31-+Pithomyces_sp+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW_UGz_Z6kmhGNm3aqwU9AZzRNwiBUYoy02Lk3AvzHakDx-q_fEIy0JTSb_udQs7JnGbe_twnn55KGMV0DdAbfO8OKVniGf0NcZky1-AcOQsCoY4stdEgvynRpuKxPd0Nmdf1z8aVB7bQ/s400/31-+Pithomyces_sp+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Pithomyces</i> species -conidia texture described as <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">echinulate (spiny or prickly) or verruculose/verrucose (warty)
texture.</span><br />
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdi22pWJ_yH4otO2det2BgDEaiKiVi_8Kzse-N3QEQaQXZUs3uAKXRGkRj9jhm25etiHXc8PdUvgiTfOLpYiQwaqO1uCPhUFtQ55X4J1fzJ6ZqxvlEh946tS5hTNgjEvaib0Qswus3Xt0/s1600/32-+Pithomyces_sp+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdi22pWJ_yH4otO2det2BgDEaiKiVi_8Kzse-N3QEQaQXZUs3uAKXRGkRj9jhm25etiHXc8PdUvgiTfOLpYiQwaqO1uCPhUFtQ55X4J1fzJ6ZqxvlEh946tS5hTNgjEvaib0Qswus3Xt0/s400/32-+Pithomyces_sp+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species - conidia which aren't over-saturated with the LPCB stain and more clearly show the muriform septation within.</div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj279SG_aitKTxmgMDDCip_RJmEYvmw0epV2DX33SynhNhV7Djhw3JzBX9ZvyRrCRUtgm9ojdNr06YU7q9LzUyalI0NHsDyTZTwlr81n9HIus-LWuQ6PQYYdQVuoOYcOt-0lgqLZa8KXEY/s1600/33-+Pithomyces_sp+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj279SG_aitKTxmgMDDCip_RJmEYvmw0epV2DX33SynhNhV7Djhw3JzBX9ZvyRrCRUtgm9ojdNr06YU7q9LzUyalI0NHsDyTZTwlr81n9HIus-LWuQ6PQYYdQVuoOYcOt-0lgqLZa8KXEY/s400/33-+Pithomyces_sp+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species - thickened and roughened wall of the intercalary chlamydospores.<br />
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWok2eakSt4FsQxZLbsIH8H2ODg8flLbpWEFbWPgcQT6S8Lq151dtsnuxsDt3C8bLOQLm6WYbNnarGoqdN8I6K53ducOuDdNJQ4tImOZRCVYP8hY7Q-nxCSCxya8MHD0qj1O9I9Jpof5s/s1600/34-+Pithomyces_sp+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWok2eakSt4FsQxZLbsIH8H2ODg8flLbpWEFbWPgcQT6S8Lq151dtsnuxsDt3C8bLOQLm6WYbNnarGoqdN8I6K53ducOuDdNJQ4tImOZRCVYP8hY7Q-nxCSCxya8MHD0qj1O9I9Jpof5s/s400/34-+Pithomyces_sp+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species - chaining of conidia (?) at left. Two, rather young conidia on short peg-like conidiophores at lower center of photo.<br />
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Pithomyces</i> species<br />
(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)<br />
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pithomyces</span></i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> species have to be differentiated from closely
related dematiaceous hyphomycetes such as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ulocladium</i>
species,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2015/07/stemphylium-species.html" target="_blank">Stemphylium</a></i><a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2015/07/stemphylium-species.html" target="_blank"> species</a>, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2010/06/alternaria-alternata.html" target="_blank"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Alternaria</i> species</a> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Epicoccum</i> species. (See Table Below)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Too small to
read? Click on table to get image. Now right click on image and select
'view image'. In Windows, cursor now has a + sign within it. Click on
image of table to now magnify the table.</span></b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: small;">Alternatively, just click and download the damn thing...</span></b></span></span><br />
<br />
<div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: left;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a> The
Genus <i>Pithomyces</i> in South Africa</div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: left;">
W.F.O. Marasas and Ingrid H. Schumann,</div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="text-align: left;">
Bothalia 10, 4:
509 – 516, 1972</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;"> * * *</span></span></span></span></div>
Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-50402803900413456672015-06-14T16:04:00.001-04:002015-06-14T16:14:07.287-04:00Sepedonium species<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Sepedonium</i></b><b> species</b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ecology:</span></b></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sepedonium</i>
species are cosmopolitan saprobes commonly found in temperate soils worldwide.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pathogenicity:</span></b></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sepedonium</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> species are considered to
be of low virulence with only three possible cases cited in the
literature.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No animal infections are
known. </span>When isolated, they are generally considered to be a contaminant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As with any fungus, they may be opportunistic
particularly if the host is immunocompromised.</div>
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They are a known parasite of higher basidiomycetes,
particularly <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bolotales</i> (mushrooms).</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Macroscopic Morphology:</span></b></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sepedonium</i>
exhibits rapid growth at 25-30ᵒC.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Colonies initially appear white or creamy in colour with a rather waxy
texture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the colony matures it
acquires a cottony to woolly texture and develops a golden yellow colour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A white to cream coloured fringe may
remain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The reverse is frequently
described as white or pale, however the isolate presented here has a bright
yellow reverse.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpB3ssTK9397tAyTzwf0G131g2qs73uSD1bl9K0FcR9qJawxmuJ5XQHQSJqR-ePFvCiwk3Kn0qvjcX6P7zssS6C-iCO7fOOktfkdtojof8H4VkU2fsdzGhXCMjo9D1VqHWcBbpNMg_Hio/s1600/01A-+Sepedondium+sp+5+Days+SAB.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpB3ssTK9397tAyTzwf0G131g2qs73uSD1bl9K0FcR9qJawxmuJ5XQHQSJqR-ePFvCiwk3Kn0qvjcX6P7zssS6C-iCO7fOOktfkdtojof8H4VkU2fsdzGhXCMjo9D1VqHWcBbpNMg_Hio/s400/01A-+Sepedondium+sp+5+Days+SAB.jpg" width="397" /></a></div>
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<i> Sepedonium</i> species on Saboraud-Dextrose agar (SAB) incubated at 30ᵒC for 5 days. (<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwtjqt5obLGAQ2MKt_xniD01mzvrohiikBskE08K3kRBF-ZmPP7pTFJtOc4X1aaNfdEKnmoIkmv-WfPg37M8hfWLwxCyZuai8xFCh0eIUlmxWm891jP8fLpIy1hgMyC5T3Nq06bGMqjxw/s1600/01B-+Sepedonium+sp+10+Days+SAB.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwtjqt5obLGAQ2MKt_xniD01mzvrohiikBskE08K3kRBF-ZmPP7pTFJtOc4X1aaNfdEKnmoIkmv-WfPg37M8hfWLwxCyZuai8xFCh0eIUlmxWm891jP8fLpIy1hgMyC5T3Nq06bGMqjxw/s400/01B-+Sepedonium+sp+10+Days+SAB.jpg" width="395" /></a></div>
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<i> Sepedonium</i> species on Saboraud-Dextrose agar (SAB) incubated at 30ᵒC for 10 days. (<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2A71dl-ONDIo4tfnWBo3v93iKzoJqAt5yxhHz7sn1tnzsXSwvktcAAilgLWmNt0cMvlWY5AvBUbWFZOsaE6Qv9MYJVPMVHf1-xq5Bwqe_qkaRXBVojC-x_AYBh-FDDbTNPP-UgfxML_o/s1600/02-+Sepedonium+sp+SAB+%2528Rev%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2A71dl-ONDIo4tfnWBo3v93iKzoJqAt5yxhHz7sn1tnzsXSwvktcAAilgLWmNt0cMvlWY5AvBUbWFZOsaE6Qv9MYJVPMVHf1-xq5Bwqe_qkaRXBVojC-x_AYBh-FDDbTNPP-UgfxML_o/s200/02-+Sepedonium+sp+SAB+%2528Rev%2529.jpg" width="171" /></a><span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Microscopic Morphology:</span></b></span></div>
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Hyaline hyphae are septate and may bear simple or
branched conidiophores.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They show
minimal differentiation from the hyphae from which they arise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Immediately distinguishing features are the
rather large (7 – 17 µm) conidia produced at the apex of the conidiophore.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conidia are solitary, single-celled, globose
to ovoid in shape and have a rather thick, often echinulate or verrucose
(roughened) wall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A phialidic conidial (phialoconidia)
state that produces ellipsoidal or cylindrical, smooth walled conidia may
sometimes be present, particularly when the colony is young.</div>
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<b><span style="color: #674ea7;">Notes on Photography</span>:</b></div>
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<i>Sepedonium</i> offered a few photographic challenges with the techniques and photographic equipment I was using. </div>
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<span style="color: #8e7cc3;"><b>Slide vs Adhesive Tape Technique:</b> </span> Firstly, I like to take photographs using the <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2011/11/slide-culture-technique.html" target="_blank">slide culture technique</a> as the glass cover slip, if possible, as it offers better transparency than does <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2012/06/adhesive-tape-preparation-for.html" target="_blank">adhesive tape technique</a>. The adhesive tape, unless attached to the glass microscope slide smoothly may give an uneven, wavy picture. The glue surface itself by be visible and deter from the quality of the photo. The again, on some moulds, the sticky tape surface preserves the delicate arrangement and keeps in place structures which might be dispersed when manipulating the cover slip from a slide culture. In the case of Sepedonium species, I found that this fungus adhered to the cover slip rather poorly. The photos below are from both slide and adhesive tape preparations. I have not stated which as it is the structure which is important.</div>
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<b><span style="color: #8e7cc3;">Choice of camera:</span></b> I find that both the <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108 digital imaging microscope and the Nikon Coolpix camera</a> have advantages and disadvantages when photographing microorganisms. In the case of moulds, the DMD-108 sometimes tends to over-saturate the blue from the Lacto-phenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) dye and I have not been able to correct for this to my satisfaction at either the instrument itself or with any of several photo-manipulation computer programs. Structures (conidia below) may appear very dark and blotchy with details obliterated. The Nikon, paired with the Leica 2000 microscope I routinely use should produce excellent photos, however, even after proper maintenance by a professional service, I often find the quality lacking. What I find most distracting is the spherical aberration which appears as concentric light and dark lines running through the photograph. While these rings or ripples running through the image are not seen through the oculars, they are blatantly visible in the digital image, particularly at higher magnifications. A frosted filter between the light source and condenser minimizes this distracting `bulls-eye`pattern, however it is still present. It seems to me that the camera lens magnifies any defects in the microscope lens or that somehow they conflict even after Köhler illumination.</div>
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Here, as throughout this blog, I use whichever technique (or combination of) most efficiently captures the organisms characteristics.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNhsHPHdH8FC1HFRsxJsgoxML8KA4B64ZHURf2iZlWQP18MfxQM0igdzKjadr8oAdwdoT_dKrqnc5FzXNitC9vlz4UUjz45SVbqk-pCE6fp8KlM9xkcwVHwszMlkOMmYZIRumuuACdbO8/s1600/03-+image_2014y12m19d_00h42m56s_B_250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNhsHPHdH8FC1HFRsxJsgoxML8KA4B64ZHURf2iZlWQP18MfxQM0igdzKjadr8oAdwdoT_dKrqnc5FzXNitC9vlz4UUjz45SVbqk-pCE6fp8KlM9xkcwVHwszMlkOMmYZIRumuuACdbO8/s400/03-+image_2014y12m19d_00h42m56s_B_250X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Sepedonium</i> species -edge of a slide culture at low magnification. Hyphae and conidia are visible but too small to show any useful detail for identification. (250X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH_znXbH0tioffYmvkZGXMUqYmkDr0qv4raoAL3tIefHKZLXjyj0gjmNaE7JT7I6vPrEJE3vd_tsDNW5RVCTAwU1AfC4trbQXp_fw8kKYk8jvWqN5M1qiXOUqVchBWURy6L0joa9XwZpY/s1600/04-+Sepedonium+species_B_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH_znXbH0tioffYmvkZGXMUqYmkDr0qv4raoAL3tIefHKZLXjyj0gjmNaE7JT7I6vPrEJE3vd_tsDNW5RVCTAwU1AfC4trbQXp_fw8kKYk8jvWqN5M1qiXOUqVchBWURy6L0joa9XwZpY/s400/04-+Sepedonium+species_B_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sepedonium</i> species -Large echinulate or verrucose (rough-walled) conida very apparent. </div>
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(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaXpZXK9sz4yQuEiIl7iPfqW-Gg2uVbevT5IoWiHhcsYbP3mSZGPnfHTt_bMcjf0-8MY7V-swajcq4Q0wgkXszymklv6iNlnlp34tXkQ5TovWbYf_REvT8z1s9jwfYNeqEs8BfTz-YBgw/s1600/05-+Sepedonium+species_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaXpZXK9sz4yQuEiIl7iPfqW-Gg2uVbevT5IoWiHhcsYbP3mSZGPnfHTt_bMcjf0-8MY7V-swajcq4Q0wgkXszymklv6iNlnlp34tXkQ5TovWbYf_REvT8z1s9jwfYNeqEs8BfTz-YBgw/s400/05-+Sepedonium+species_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sepedonium</i> species - another view, as above.</div>
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(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD_psTFwPCkiBPFB8AIs0IfUKGeVrg6pL80nMq22TY2NGudOiUUlPdcgZtvkYrJuP6wlcU94-4kOq5-4QPvfz4RQSQWgHmA7B_mPb4ElLwGfh5GUb4aq6_PdfjI15rNkjpqyf9W5ZfR4Q/s1600/06-+Sepedonium+species_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD_psTFwPCkiBPFB8AIs0IfUKGeVrg6pL80nMq22TY2NGudOiUUlPdcgZtvkYrJuP6wlcU94-4kOq5-4QPvfz4RQSQWgHmA7B_mPb4ElLwGfh5GUb4aq6_PdfjI15rNkjpqyf9W5ZfR4Q/s400/06-+Sepedonium+species_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sepedonium</i> species - a phialidic conidial state which produces ellipsoidal or cylindrical, smooth walled conidia (phialoconidia) may sometimes be present, particularly when the colony is young. These forms are visible at the center of the photo extending to the left with the phialoconidia at the tips. (400X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDSwJueGtQFf4KYs72TdzEdymKZgpKQiBLpA7RDAj1VKuwjhtl68tRqpDuBEcKT-nP9qqU9Rm6LwbKUheKBEYiWgFfY0JMUYFOjoaQJN3ndNoQWNV6w-yPL97Qrydse67U1sXX3jTi8Ns/s1600/07-+Sepedonium+species_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDSwJueGtQFf4KYs72TdzEdymKZgpKQiBLpA7RDAj1VKuwjhtl68tRqpDuBEcKT-nP9qqU9Rm6LwbKUheKBEYiWgFfY0JMUYFOjoaQJN3ndNoQWNV6w-yPL97Qrydse67U1sXX3jTi8Ns/s400/07-+Sepedonium+species_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sepedonium</i> species - loose phialoconidia are seen throughout the photo as well as two large rough-walled conidia seen near upper center. (400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcqMw7mxaucHRRpXTrF24SvtSAb3-s9xqkGWJpP7uboTP-1jmlA1ang-C35tt2WOKDxBr71n-7IsgEcsbM4ku1rKMZ37avlx3gmb7MowTt2sG_slCyJb0RvnOAn76mgrjwBRTaOmdTmvs/s1600/08-+Sepedonium+species_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcqMw7mxaucHRRpXTrF24SvtSAb3-s9xqkGWJpP7uboTP-1jmlA1ang-C35tt2WOKDxBr71n-7IsgEcsbM4ku1rKMZ37avlx3gmb7MowTt2sG_slCyJb0RvnOAn76mgrjwBRTaOmdTmvs/s400/08-+Sepedonium+species_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sepedonium</i> species - single oval or ellipsoidal phialoconidium seen at the end of a conidiophore, with a few loose phialoconidia at upper center. (1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsKAvf6EfRsLz_SeL3pSG9GC2VJjdVon23bVRsdAU-AFVnP1bnvzClvgnmkaAKkX4IF5V43oC26T_3jPGtwF_N37ELJB-XhLG7_AbzI-B7IrFJlJzRq_XimI2d4ndjnmvAiirEOhJEvbc/s1600/09-+Sepedonium+species_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsKAvf6EfRsLz_SeL3pSG9GC2VJjdVon23bVRsdAU-AFVnP1bnvzClvgnmkaAKkX4IF5V43oC26T_3jPGtwF_N37ELJB-XhLG7_AbzI-B7IrFJlJzRq_XimI2d4ndjnmvAiirEOhJEvbc/s400/09-+Sepedonium+species_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sepedonium</i> species -and another view of the phialoconidia in the center of the photo and the relationship in size to the rough conidium seen at the center-left of the photo.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifSeWdG4dkxsy-joUWg5rKnzBiM1wiwFrdqmti23NeCwpp_diWgsiG1O_WsBBHlPzEvDzh6YAEc1oknekvko0O_v7Eih99IEMSLir7r69I1w6JXpQt_CPk5RE-fV6CMYmkWfha9DFQ1xk/s1600/10-+Sepedonium+species_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifSeWdG4dkxsy-joUWg5rKnzBiM1wiwFrdqmti23NeCwpp_diWgsiG1O_WsBBHlPzEvDzh6YAEc1oknekvko0O_v7Eih99IEMSLir7r69I1w6JXpQt_CPk5RE-fV6CMYmkWfha9DFQ1xk/s400/10-+Sepedonium+species_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sepedonium</i> species -another view, as above.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw71yquvIYz59GWkuZcD13JKvWd-Fx-cCZ5q2pgaGVU-j4ye-jDuF8thuxDB3SfUDbFNciVyZ2rdKHgZWS_0_SSu8eybCaSV5wmXYFNbV5G97KWr_pYHOiD6gCj_RqeeQOlY1-0cMNNtM/s1600/11-+Sepedonium+species_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw71yquvIYz59GWkuZcD13JKvWd-Fx-cCZ5q2pgaGVU-j4ye-jDuF8thuxDB3SfUDbFNciVyZ2rdKHgZWS_0_SSu8eybCaSV5wmXYFNbV5G97KWr_pYHOiD6gCj_RqeeQOlY1-0cMNNtM/s400/11-+Sepedonium+species_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sepedonium</i> species - large, young, still rather smooth, conidium at the apex of the conidiophore. Two free phialoconida seen at upper left. (1000X, LPCB. DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNeRo9tvHezwo56KEKuvGyTVton6VVURNXMgTQRpneYuQy6k-JITk0roUuRyFNUGUCqQEAaLM74r7xNGuVUUln6_U3dZz7x_IDKo3-gV5bNJuFjTHHEeuNlIhVULZ1LF5T0iFzvdGWf_c/s1600/12-+Sepedonium+species_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNeRo9tvHezwo56KEKuvGyTVton6VVURNXMgTQRpneYuQy6k-JITk0roUuRyFNUGUCqQEAaLM74r7xNGuVUUln6_U3dZz7x_IDKo3-gV5bNJuFjTHHEeuNlIhVULZ1LF5T0iFzvdGWf_c/s400/12-+Sepedonium+species_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sepedonium</i> species - two large roughly textured conidia seen with their conidiophores receding out of the focal range of the camera. The conidia have a rough surface texture which is described by various texts as warty, tuberculate, echinulate or verrucose. It is this feature which may initially confuse this non-virulent mould with the highly virulent <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/11/histoplasma-capsulatum.html" target="_blank"><i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i></a>.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm806kAaXiAQ5yxMttNBTJRe_Teo8F87YqtXTZ22HPDLGtiKLtiS-ukyf2hVZhc_rygjuyndzQpN6lMdycEa0slgNOU0T5wMv2h93khamq_3Jy36PYfVJktKBwSGBHQPKvmLlKeR9Gti0/s1600/13-+Sepedonium+species_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm806kAaXiAQ5yxMttNBTJRe_Teo8F87YqtXTZ22HPDLGtiKLtiS-ukyf2hVZhc_rygjuyndzQpN6lMdycEa0slgNOU0T5wMv2h93khamq_3Jy36PYfVJktKBwSGBHQPKvmLlKeR9Gti0/s400/13-+Sepedonium+species_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Sepedonium</i> species -large, still rather smooth, conidium seen at the end of its conidiophore. The thick wall of the conidia can be readily seen in this photo.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSkznVirlagNicb90jHbajDvdbMKdd8QeQFqTBuaEPidrkuHa7oqReiGp2FeOx46y7lz5A9qW-8lihG6XAAtyjtRnayoI2SjgddcT9NvVtT5zulp_xx3wmj2Hzx4MwVV2J1QX1hAeBiSo/s1600/14-+Sepedonium+species_400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSkznVirlagNicb90jHbajDvdbMKdd8QeQFqTBuaEPidrkuHa7oqReiGp2FeOx46y7lz5A9qW-8lihG6XAAtyjtRnayoI2SjgddcT9NvVtT5zulp_xx3wmj2Hzx4MwVV2J1QX1hAeBiSo/s400/14-+Sepedonium+species_400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Sepedonium</i> species - long conidiophore with a large, rough-walled conidium at the apex.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFdSU-KJBuGm2AqUdSfaoDjI0SMoAFVtHpyKgoJt-EBb_JdO6VCDI9Y58kFObwcMGvGPCRKW3UAr47OJNxT136dHpmPPMrh7IrNHsU7d-GNm53g4FFDFE6Ca6yEtnQw4IumkbStr7cuNQ/s1600/15-+Sepedonium+species_400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFdSU-KJBuGm2AqUdSfaoDjI0SMoAFVtHpyKgoJt-EBb_JdO6VCDI9Y58kFObwcMGvGPCRKW3UAr47OJNxT136dHpmPPMrh7IrNHsU7d-GNm53g4FFDFE6Ca6yEtnQw4IumkbStr7cuNQ/s400/15-+Sepedonium+species_400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Sepedonium</i> species - single rough-walled conidium seen in center of photo.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVfu6F2B2UQPtSVUXZB1RnlPxNVinILqCrM3svEUIifwYr-AGz5mLolKYJaTiq5GERMZE66etxUnaKWCOyxtDWFpjjkdkfN8ep6clK5dhe39uAAZ3BustH3W5P9c_AU7LO8a_rlJI_IjI/s1600/16-+Sepedonium+species_400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVfu6F2B2UQPtSVUXZB1RnlPxNVinILqCrM3svEUIifwYr-AGz5mLolKYJaTiq5GERMZE66etxUnaKWCOyxtDWFpjjkdkfN8ep6clK5dhe39uAAZ3BustH3W5P9c_AU7LO8a_rlJI_IjI/s400/16-+Sepedonium+species_400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Sepedonium</i> species - conidia attached to conidiophores of varying length. Insert is just an alternate focus of conidiophore & conidium. Distinctive, septate hyphae seen.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(400+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhWxrZmXpYYDlba4VeqCfHTS6GSdLzTQZ2bGTo7sQESRJS28_poDyhYYyR6QQJC-LvsNFRxKelUQw7uvSzQgPi4mgymtvQJu8rENpga8VnnJWMHcIG5xl9oQzKqJeVlhZ6JeHtFDmDF_A/s1600/17-+Sepedonium+species_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhWxrZmXpYYDlba4VeqCfHTS6GSdLzTQZ2bGTo7sQESRJS28_poDyhYYyR6QQJC-LvsNFRxKelUQw7uvSzQgPi4mgymtvQJu8rENpga8VnnJWMHcIG5xl9oQzKqJeVlhZ6JeHtFDmDF_A/s400/17-+Sepedonium+species_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Sepedonium</i> species - large (7 – 17 µm), rough-walled conidium seen.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyTDjq58Ul9z3sPJtLNrg56DNQrrjZlXNEP8PydF52nqCGJxxbvPDJt_LZW8tzAeBEJPKsc-rgSgfzJi8a4oXJrBous4btVB_nmlzTs820_8UyTZ4JmThQ9A-s4AIKC0EuTu_ewQ9iCxg/s1600/19-+Sepedonium+species_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyTDjq58Ul9z3sPJtLNrg56DNQrrjZlXNEP8PydF52nqCGJxxbvPDJt_LZW8tzAeBEJPKsc-rgSgfzJi8a4oXJrBous4btVB_nmlzTs820_8UyTZ4JmThQ9A-s4AIKC0EuTu_ewQ9iCxg/s400/19-+Sepedonium+species_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Sepedonium</i> species - a number of large, rough-walled conidia taken from a mature colony. This is from an adhesive tape mount. (1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLK4is3B6F4Zv1pz30YTsse7eS02SSbzfw4Dn5CLQCCY7RNl6bZxawBwR5zMaOCGgtEjFwp7_kthuxOnXC25mFCA7UELCfMPdwGgoLq_KIX4f2tXY5ZZFwVWA4owuIV5A0hK041Qic5hw/s1600/20-+Sepedonium+species_400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLK4is3B6F4Zv1pz30YTsse7eS02SSbzfw4Dn5CLQCCY7RNl6bZxawBwR5zMaOCGgtEjFwp7_kthuxOnXC25mFCA7UELCfMPdwGgoLq_KIX4f2tXY5ZZFwVWA4owuIV5A0hK041Qic5hw/s400/20-+Sepedonium+species_400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Sepedonium</i> species - numerous rough-walled conidia.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(400+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_BZ1_DrFhL_i087DIBPXlbnm7I8V01KjIoov-gV209cS074afan2WRG0f6IY3U_KgUh3PpBuwXW44RGa5hyphenhyphen3PRUln69-Sjbvouj7AF_px6Vrtjx1pijF75DjXRtUowZ7vD8JZfCqxN2o/s1600/21-+Sepedonium+species_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_BZ1_DrFhL_i087DIBPXlbnm7I8V01KjIoov-gV209cS074afan2WRG0f6IY3U_KgUh3PpBuwXW44RGa5hyphenhyphen3PRUln69-Sjbvouj7AF_px6Vrtjx1pijF75DjXRtUowZ7vD8JZfCqxN2o/s400/21-+Sepedonium+species_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Sepedonium</i> species - as above. Conidia are in different planes of focus and therefore the rough texture often appears different on different conidia.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKx74qSyAXDNVRkRBbnRLsn9JcTHr9344j-QLd9q6MWIXTTAy0GeXF4D2hD_9boNrQ1vGLWT4zhj6n_l7xfhbrRdyzm_BUqOzTCkD8_DVbLixuDiNA27uQ-msxRAH24cgYF6HIKqslmx0/s1600/22-+Sepedonium+species_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKx74qSyAXDNVRkRBbnRLsn9JcTHr9344j-QLd9q6MWIXTTAy0GeXF4D2hD_9boNrQ1vGLWT4zhj6n_l7xfhbrRdyzm_BUqOzTCkD8_DVbLixuDiNA27uQ-msxRAH24cgYF6HIKqslmx0/s400/22-+Sepedonium+species_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Sepedonium</i> species - large conidia still attached to their conidiophores. Rough, tuberculate surface evident.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEP3ciOzqITTE9i8_cV6D6tW0fsnB-5N_c3ENvF_7J92kOnhkqvv5YwyrsLjwCzzIVSRKXSy627Rma_1Tz7uJG4U7TZuB3H-bM9dwmlMpmeV44Z3uyRz14q4oCQMjXMbKiYPfl9YklX2A/s1600/23-+Sepedonium+species_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEP3ciOzqITTE9i8_cV6D6tW0fsnB-5N_c3ENvF_7J92kOnhkqvv5YwyrsLjwCzzIVSRKXSy627Rma_1Tz7uJG4U7TZuB3H-bM9dwmlMpmeV44Z3uyRz14q4oCQMjXMbKiYPfl9YklX2A/s400/23-+Sepedonium+species_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Sepedonium</i> species - perhaps the most dramatic of the photos showing the rough & thick-walled conidia.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTADaMPHfmZ9qv5r3VzJvB64QJ3T_xbsG-RsmPb7X2SOXz_AMjvgj14yKrsvhGFnn7URvUNFqXm0P6nA7FLTKyHVlbiCGkyMiXlRVxm9ljhrMXXFHfZju5YhIkCXcyS5Dmxzo_oJMWnng/s1600/24-+Sepedonium+species_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTADaMPHfmZ9qv5r3VzJvB64QJ3T_xbsG-RsmPb7X2SOXz_AMjvgj14yKrsvhGFnn7URvUNFqXm0P6nA7FLTKyHVlbiCGkyMiXlRVxm9ljhrMXXFHfZju5YhIkCXcyS5Dmxzo_oJMWnng/s400/24-+Sepedonium+species_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Sepedonium</i> species - suitable for framing.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWeWkH2fQJ11UnRi0aGEjuJD3HqbyN5T9n3En2xlSAU_iDyL4eXu5QLq6KBoM0FewRAc4rRlJ7TJsjAGwWPbFhkg81IwaMJn2arT43OVSwwoDNGRUNvV7A-ih9pGbqE1ak1ZjN_8oNBVE/s1600/25-+Sepedonium+species_1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWeWkH2fQJ11UnRi0aGEjuJD3HqbyN5T9n3En2xlSAU_iDyL4eXu5QLq6KBoM0FewRAc4rRlJ7TJsjAGwWPbFhkg81IwaMJn2arT43OVSwwoDNGRUNvV7A-ih9pGbqE1ak1ZjN_8oNBVE/s400/25-+Sepedonium+species_1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Sepedonium</i> species - rough & thick-walle conidium attached to what appears to be a short conidiophore.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheTQ10u23isxXqAkcPpNo64KlPesmUv9z2cIvAKeJe9EaMa97xhjmvis21YAEyxnnE3sckXrLBlG_zt-Ns871um2DiTsjnXSEnSTBeGfMSTycVNq1kC-4hqfERt6qdRWt8Nm-7aXftH_Q/s1600/26-+Sepedonium+species_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheTQ10u23isxXqAkcPpNo64KlPesmUv9z2cIvAKeJe9EaMa97xhjmvis21YAEyxnnE3sckXrLBlG_zt-Ns871um2DiTsjnXSEnSTBeGfMSTycVNq1kC-4hqfERt6qdRWt8Nm-7aXftH_Q/s400/26-+Sepedonium+species_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Sepedonium</i> species</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSQbOVY-zfcTKk4wqyVzgQ-zwVv5Je9Paxy6NK-uun5i0LigOWzMZshgtMT8I7ktxr66sFVDBoElMyojCOBSn3i8QKeOhmfRwzqMMqkdJJABZapyXmYZxoeKLwjPgGY4A8GEQEUHOIqPg/s1600/27-+Sepedonium+species+Cropped.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSQbOVY-zfcTKk4wqyVzgQ-zwVv5Je9Paxy6NK-uun5i0LigOWzMZshgtMT8I7ktxr66sFVDBoElMyojCOBSn3i8QKeOhmfRwzqMMqkdJJABZapyXmYZxoeKLwjPgGY4A8GEQEUHOIqPg/s400/27-+Sepedonium+species+Cropped.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Sepedonium</i> species - conidium still attached to a segment of it`s conidiphore.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(Cropped photo, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Notes:</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
One source states that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sepedonium</i> may grow poorly if at all at 37ᵒC.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Caution: not a definitive test.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Differentiation from other
moulds:</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sepedonium</i>
superficially resembles the highly pathogenic mould <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Histoplasma capsulatum</i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Growth rate – <i>Sepedonium</i> exhibits rapid growth
at 25 - 30ᵒC and may be fully mature after one week while <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/11/histoplasma-capsulatum.html" target="_blank"><i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i></a> grows slowly and may be barely visible after a week’s incubation</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sepedonium</i>
species are inhibited by cycloheximide and therefore will not grow on Mycosel®
or Dermasel® selective media.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sepedonium</i>
is not a dimorphic fungus (yeast & mould phase) and will not convert to a
yeast phase at 37ᵒC as would <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Histoplasma</i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Histoplasma
capsulatum </i>–specific GenProbe molecular testing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Sepedonium</i> negative.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sepedonium
species </i>can be distinguished from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chrysosporium</i>
species by its conidia’s tuberculate<span style="color: #674ea7;">*</span> (echinulate or verrucose) cell wall.</div>
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="color: #674ea7;">*</span>all terms are descriptions
of the rough cell wall.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">* * * </span></span></b></div>
Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-20043301927553692302015-05-26T09:52:00.000-04:002015-05-26T09:57:14.191-04:00Apophysomyces elegans "complex"<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Apophysomyces elegans</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> complex</span></b></span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span>(Zygomycetes) Order
Mucorales</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">Note:</span> </b>As of
this blog post, most textbooks still list <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apophysomyces
elegans</i> as the sole species in this genus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Recent studies <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a>
have demonstrated a high variability among the 5.8S rRNA gene sequences of
clinical strains of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A.elegans</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This study suggests that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A.elegans</i> is actually a complex composed of several (three) newly
proposed species.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They have proposed the
species names <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A.ossiformis</i>,
characterized by bone-shaped sporangiospores, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A.trapeziformis</i>, with trapezoid-shaped sporangiospores, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A.variabilis </i>with variable-shaped
sporangiospores. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A.elegans</i> remains as the fourth species of the Apophysomyces
complex.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Physiologically, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A.elegans </i>is able to assimilate the
glycoside esculin, whereas the three newly proposed species failed to
assimilate esculin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Recent studies
suggest that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A.elegans</i> may actually
be a non-pathogenic environmental species, while the remaining three species
are etiologically linked to clinical disease.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Further studies are warranted.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7; font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ecology:</b></span></div>
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Although the ecology of Apophysomyces is rather poorly
described, this fungus appears to have widespread distribution and has been
isolated from soils and decaying vegetation in India, Australia, Southeast Asia
and the United States.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7; font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pathology:</b></span></div>
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Apophysomyces is an occasional agent of Zygomycosis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Infection by Apophysomyces species differs
from other Zygomycetes infections in two ways.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Firstly, it occurs more frequently in immunocompetent than
immunocompromised individuals, whereas other Zygomycetes primarily infect hosts
with weakened immune systems.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Secondly,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Apophysomyces</i> infections are acquired
directly by traumatic implantation rather than by inhalation of spores which
then progress to rhino-cerebral or other disseminated infections.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apophysomyces</i>
infection may result in necrotizing cellulitis or fasciitis (flesh eating) requiring
aggressive surgical debridement and antifungal therapy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Despite immediate and aggressive intervention,
the prognosis is often poor as once established the fungus can quickly spread
to adjacent tissues and distant sites via the blood stream.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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In 2011, a tornado carved a path of destruction through
the American town of Joplin Missouri killing 160 citizens.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many others were received traumatic injuries
and of those, there were there were thirteen cases of necrotizing cutaneous
zygomycosis due to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apophysomyces
trapeziformis</i>, five of which were fatal.</div>
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While the descriptions of <i>Apophysomyces</i> in this blog is gathered from a variety of sources under the name of <i>Apophysomyces elegans</i>, the species presented photographically in this blog post is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apophysomyces variabilis</i>.</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Macroscopic Morphology:</b></span></div>
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As with other Zygomycetes, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apophysomyces</i> exhibits very rapid growth, often filling the petrie
dish with profusely woolly mycelia in two to three days.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Growth (SAB, 30ᵒC) initially appears white or
off-white in colour but may acquire a slight brownish-grey colour as the colony
ages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The reverse is white to pale
yellow.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVFS5OU0MOwXYF3GTgqbncJ0BQb3AuWlRrVEI_VW47Wn2N0Db6oT1vGijdLiyopQtj08Yy5aK3p-FZBd4C3BPTA65E9T-fDEHkoRjXB_qdeA_UmQHS-l5NJc9SjSlOh7IZit8LKQzi6Ek/s1600/01-+A_variabilis++SAB+30C+48Hrs+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="375" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVFS5OU0MOwXYF3GTgqbncJ0BQb3AuWlRrVEI_VW47Wn2N0Db6oT1vGijdLiyopQtj08Yy5aK3p-FZBd4C3BPTA65E9T-fDEHkoRjXB_qdeA_UmQHS-l5NJc9SjSlOh7IZit8LKQzi6Ek/s400/01-+A_variabilis++SAB+30C+48Hrs+1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Apophomyces variabilis</i> - on SAB, 48 Hours at 30ᵒC <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">(Nikon)</a></div>
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<i> Apophomyces variabilis</i> - on SAB, 48 Hours at 30ᵒC (Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyWrPU1u3lejBfJcZDaK39EtJVeAmgFu9JrK_WnJas7bmC7W26nScAzQf_Iv1e4QpVzwRv-yb0F3y3KH_L2RvL7aKZNhiZ-kDXJEPLtoK0LmGszV3tg6KBD8jsI2IK_TKCNeM8YdtZwhI/s1600/02-+A_variabilis+SAB+48Hrs+Rev.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyWrPU1u3lejBfJcZDaK39EtJVeAmgFu9JrK_WnJas7bmC7W26nScAzQf_Iv1e4QpVzwRv-yb0F3y3KH_L2RvL7aKZNhiZ-kDXJEPLtoK0LmGszV3tg6KBD8jsI2IK_TKCNeM8YdtZwhI/s200/02-+A_variabilis+SAB+48Hrs+Rev.jpg" width="192" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Microscopic
Morphology:</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Note:</b></span> The
isolate presented here arrived in our laboratory as a proficiency testing
challenge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An initial direct tease mount
revealed very broad, aseptate hyphae, suggesting Zygomycetes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The isolate grew exceedingly well (SAB, 30ᵒC)
yet failed to produce any fruiting structures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The combined observations of broad aseptate hyphae and failure to
produce fruiting structures on routine mycological media raised suspicions that
this isolate belonged to either an <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apophysomyces</i>
species, or was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saksenea</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vasiformis</i>.</div>
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Both<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Apophysomyces
species</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saksenea vasiformis</i>
are known to be notoriously resistant to efforts attempting to induce sporulation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Study of the structures associated with
sporulation greatly assists the identification of the Zygomycetes and as such,
techniques have been developed in an attempt to induce the spore production<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></a>.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unfortunately, our laboratory supports
an acute care hospital and we lack the facilities for any experimentation
outside of the routine clinical protocol.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(ie. purchased prepared media: no autoclave, media components,
etc.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However this blog is entitled “Fun
With Microbiology” and I had “<u>fun”</u> improvising the ‘sterile water and
yeast extract sporulation media’ outlined in endnote <u>ii</u> with some
success.</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Microscopic
Morphology Continued:</b></span></div>
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Apophysomyces species produce broad based (up to 10+ µm
dia.) hyaline (clear, non-pigmented) hyphae which are almost entirely
aseptate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sporangiophores are quite long
(up to 540 µm), unbranched and usually produced singly from aerial hyphae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sporangiophores may be attached to the hyphae
with a prominent structure resembling the ‘foot cell’ found in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Aspergillus</i> species.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The apex of the sporangiophore widens to form
a structure called an apophysis (hence the genus name) which may be distinctly
bell-shaped or vase-shaped (20 -58 µm dia.) distinguishing it from that of
other Zygomycetes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet other sources
describe the apophysis as champagne glass shaped or perhaps more common to
other Zygomycetes, funnel-shaped.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
columella (18 – 28 µm) is hemispherical (half of a sphere) in shape.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sporangiospores (5.4 – 8.0 X 4.0 – 5.7 µm)
have been described as smooth and subspherical to cylindrical in shape.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Recall from the initial ‘Note’ at the start
of this blog, the newly proposed species are molecularly distinct but also
appear to produce distinctly shaped sporangiospores.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rhizoids are produced and are generally
located beneath or to the side of the sporangiophores.<br />
<br />
<b><span style="color: #674ea7;">An apology:</span></b> as I lacked the facilities to properly induce sporulation in this fungus, these photos are as good as I'm going to get. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdZOC0likPvlyjk0NxtyRzo27xx9Ds7h3igqnPRgP-QGqJaPHrmIhJT1IbgypJSFpkujyTdokJNWb1E70kfFvGPgA5gds37wcGvd0og26NXfs85_6AWbxR472dzLMlbEtdny1tBQZtoeY/s1600/04-+A_variabilis+250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdZOC0likPvlyjk0NxtyRzo27xx9Ds7h3igqnPRgP-QGqJaPHrmIhJT1IbgypJSFpkujyTdokJNWb1E70kfFvGPgA5gds37wcGvd0og26NXfs85_6AWbxR472dzLMlbEtdny1tBQZtoeY/s400/04-+A_variabilis+250X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis - </i>edge of tease mount showing single, well defined sporangiophore with attached sporangium.<i> </i>(250X, LPCB,<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank"> Nikon</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihuCFquXxPiDfjd2eo7c9sdUNz0f-eiIh1RV2QXOCNkioR_05kflXXyLdcT_DivPNKMUvQUwUhAdyZLfLRFOVAv9CbexpqqZB59yBvIjueEsRga3s9Z08FlBp_urJ38mTSg1zzhaYSiuo/s1600/05-+A_variabilis+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihuCFquXxPiDfjd2eo7c9sdUNz0f-eiIh1RV2QXOCNkioR_05kflXXyLdcT_DivPNKMUvQUwUhAdyZLfLRFOVAv9CbexpqqZB59yBvIjueEsRga3s9Z08FlBp_urJ38mTSg1zzhaYSiuo/s400/05-+A_variabilis+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-<i> </i>direct tease moount.</div>
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(400X, LPCB, Nikon)</div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>- apophysis without sporangium visible. Several sporangiospores still visible in the bottom of the rather funnel-shaped apophysis.</div>
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(400X, LPCB, Nikon)</div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-again, from the direct tease mount showing a rather damaged apophysis remaining at the apex of the sporangiophore.</div>
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(400X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>- young sporangiophore at the tip of the sporangiophore.</div>
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(400+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-as above but appears to be some development of the sporangiospores within the sporangium. (400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-maturing sporangium with sporangiospores visible within.</div>
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(400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-much the same.</div>
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(400+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>- produces long, un-branched sporangiophores. One unique characteristic described in Apophysomyces elegans is a dark area (arrow) often found on the sporangiophore slightly below the apophysis. (400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbsr91LzFMw9WegKY-0ZksRmh8gwd9cWlpgn3Nu38LY1UxsPjjb13kkqV-CySaYB8HYBr8KG99DNdwBqfhrOQodncAPBE5SN1EOfG5pHhdDrswX0Ft45iklsOcwWFaiCfE9iWSIifyvb8/s1600/13-+A_variabilis+400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbsr91LzFMw9WegKY-0ZksRmh8gwd9cWlpgn3Nu38LY1UxsPjjb13kkqV-CySaYB8HYBr8KG99DNdwBqfhrOQodncAPBE5SN1EOfG5pHhdDrswX0Ft45iklsOcwWFaiCfE9iWSIifyvb8/s400/13-+A_variabilis+400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-two sporangiophores. The one on the bottom might be described as champagne flute-like in shape and there is at least one sporangiospore present within.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj6ZwwDoE4mds3hv-Md1L0XjccZ0sS9d3hejOD5XsJp3jWYv6CG-nY-_rgdMTyz4Xeee6bquVUO7qKUQIzLw0sxyqFkxOyXU93ulucx5ZbaZuz2mxvoHAb9IJO7bAd6fBeonUyEfaP0Kg/s1600/14-+A_variabilis+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj6ZwwDoE4mds3hv-Md1L0XjccZ0sS9d3hejOD5XsJp3jWYv6CG-nY-_rgdMTyz4Xeee6bquVUO7qKUQIzLw0sxyqFkxOyXU93ulucx5ZbaZuz2mxvoHAb9IJO7bAd6fBeonUyEfaP0Kg/s400/14-+A_variabilis+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-probably an immature sporangiospore.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0CDESp30OCxrTQR-9eXfE9o_PnwKKuUZr4FWuZlKgiZcgEGN2rrN1YzNMKSKbNaWTHGOWyoYAQ16Le0Fn-1o7J6PGnLiPGMMMAoQ-3DoY2PSsKQ9fGfUTRXo2glyiiSsrQg9E8ltlvLg/s1600/15-+A_variabilis+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0CDESp30OCxrTQR-9eXfE9o_PnwKKuUZr4FWuZlKgiZcgEGN2rrN1YzNMKSKbNaWTHGOWyoYAQ16Le0Fn-1o7J6PGnLiPGMMMAoQ-3DoY2PSsKQ9fGfUTRXo2glyiiSsrQg9E8ltlvLg/s400/15-+A_variabilis+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-two columellas (?) with the one at the top of the photo showing sporangiospores still clinging to the surface. The sporangium appears to have <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">dehisced (dissolved, split open). (1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</span></div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-looking down on a sporagium with a number of sporangiospores still attached to the surface. Average size of the sporangiospores along the longer axis averaged 5.22 µm.</div>
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(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108) </div>
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<![endif]--><i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-an immature sporangium.</div>
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(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqbPRkGYiszTaF2HQZOGSB_CwOQYTKwy6LoAipiurfPQgr2kss5F64ldN-jfP9FVnNROGLP7BdVBY_L40qLF6BBfT2a-w1YHh9nHIcJNeHWstMCRZtmzidf7zTZ4QUpiXZ7iohZXT1rGI/s1600/18-+A_variabilis+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqbPRkGYiszTaF2HQZOGSB_CwOQYTKwy6LoAipiurfPQgr2kss5F64ldN-jfP9FVnNROGLP7BdVBY_L40qLF6BBfT2a-w1YHh9nHIcJNeHWstMCRZtmzidf7zTZ4QUpiXZ7iohZXT1rGI/s400/18-+A_variabilis+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-more of the same. The large width of the zygomycete hyphae is evident here as a hypha runs through the photo. (1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSRttAbljOa_oFLgqQkzRQnzDMbSyKbX8a3L4BYDlyPwekINhoulSBHszpnbXqoimTbQh-5VrkxaSi1Q-5cMMSumZ43AbkPkFLcELpFJ1xioiQ4theaahxJx1bWdbTqqhxyu7WEQwruhA/s1600/19-+A_variabilis+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSRttAbljOa_oFLgqQkzRQnzDMbSyKbX8a3L4BYDlyPwekINhoulSBHszpnbXqoimTbQh-5VrkxaSi1Q-5cMMSumZ43AbkPkFLcELpFJ1xioiQ4theaahxJx1bWdbTqqhxyu7WEQwruhA/s400/19-+A_variabilis+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-again, the broad hyphae of zygomyces in general. The dimension reads 10.74 µm. (400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-the apophysis looks distinctly bell-shaped in this microphotograph. Sporangiospores appear to be present within the developing sporangium.</div>
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(400+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFiTWRP1GV287VhVkM0ywI_vbCRi14yg7_eQYvJ2NKqJWqcgXtw-k-b22cwRAgoX7KUAH9FxnloI_sfQDLlRrJ4gkwTUjCPWq5ycYl8cNbSmOSYegi93sdyUvjOuwrdSY14bIm8n7lrsM/s1600/21-+A_variabilis+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFiTWRP1GV287VhVkM0ywI_vbCRi14yg7_eQYvJ2NKqJWqcgXtw-k-b22cwRAgoX7KUAH9FxnloI_sfQDLlRrJ4gkwTUjCPWq5ycYl8cNbSmOSYegi93sdyUvjOuwrdSY14bIm8n7lrsM/s400/21-+A_variabilis+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-to try to convince you of the bell-shaped apophysis. Rather than a funnel or cone shape where each wall runs on one continuous angle, the walls here start on one angle, the abruptly flare out at a greater angle, somwhat resembling a bell.</div>
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(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJNOx9pbvP9FxfBbNSpJ2ksopH44kKOY8eOjTLNvRMvP3eecvDzB1YMwAH1Yysh6c4UwznJvzUBYkS5hyMA7Er4dzfcxzUaofMCV1CPqjCW67oeRbw8sFohNURgYMT8CCLUwESTP3cfvc/s1600/22-+A_variabilis+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJNOx9pbvP9FxfBbNSpJ2ksopH44kKOY8eOjTLNvRMvP3eecvDzB1YMwAH1Yysh6c4UwznJvzUBYkS5hyMA7Er4dzfcxzUaofMCV1CPqjCW67oeRbw8sFohNURgYMT8CCLUwESTP3cfvc/s400/22-+A_variabilis+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-a rather shorter sporangiophore with a rhizoid seen at the top of the photo and apophysis and broken sporangium spewing sporangiospores at the bottom of the photo.</div>
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(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc8X6pOE9DFU603J0b417uV4EyZ5IePNlXKM7yhwe2i6IA_oXtIhXbtIlTKUQ9mj4baDQjp451Eg0h1cvbvUQTjLCFyJZjN869GX6TcCF5eXUGXiVSekVsfvjeWVdIl_qSTI_tqeeSgQo/s1600/23-+A_variabilis+400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc8X6pOE9DFU603J0b417uV4EyZ5IePNlXKM7yhwe2i6IA_oXtIhXbtIlTKUQ9mj4baDQjp451Eg0h1cvbvUQTjLCFyJZjN869GX6TcCF5eXUGXiVSekVsfvjeWVdIl_qSTI_tqeeSgQo/s400/23-+A_variabilis+400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-dissolved or broken sporangium seen at center-right of photo, again releasing sporangiospores. Large bubble at lower left of picture spoils this photo.</div>
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(400+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyIOyn8ARjuJYa6mr39sGak0BmSuzPsEFKvPqTXEKXg7hUk2y2YLTITAA_hE6WUCCNWSk2M60OgzC0N7jOfs4GRQ6Z1m9ZxfriYRFtiSoNH67uDdbjXHLFhkejdMG9xSvovvx4FDXict0/s1600/24-+A_variabilis+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyIOyn8ARjuJYa6mr39sGak0BmSuzPsEFKvPqTXEKXg7hUk2y2YLTITAA_hE6WUCCNWSk2M60OgzC0N7jOfs4GRQ6Z1m9ZxfriYRFtiSoNH67uDdbjXHLFhkejdMG9xSvovvx4FDXict0/s400/24-+A_variabilis+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-champagne flute-like apophysis with few sporangiospores still clinging to the interior. (1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJNS_BdMuh8nk9b__qohD_5hxE_RtM3MF5YpFbl7BMtmTGDk8NX3Mn6ildL2PkIzE4JTk58WdO3jSdYoO6kycju1OuqY80gwEgyeSDNieMbxcWshVUC8g3_V4SEnXPTEEsG3Nll4AvWPc/s1600/25-+A_variabilis+400%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJNS_BdMuh8nk9b__qohD_5hxE_RtM3MF5YpFbl7BMtmTGDk8NX3Mn6ildL2PkIzE4JTk58WdO3jSdYoO6kycju1OuqY80gwEgyeSDNieMbxcWshVUC8g3_V4SEnXPTEEsG3Nll4AvWPc/s400/25-+A_variabilis+400%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-sporangium is missing with the apophysis remaining at the apex of the sporangiophore. Not at the base of the sporangiophore (right side), the <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2010/06/aspergillus-species-foot-cell.html" target="_blank">foot-cell</a> is clearly evident and has picked up an intense blue colour from the LPCB.</div>
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(400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj12QNL83IT1jx4YdWPyE_nKN88VXJWEpFnkFUBMrQx3COILE9eIkxU1VOCj_lRmq8SFDWXynyoNvPv6WCQ7rx8vBxmSp7VV_BmbVshf5PIYvk66EcfsZxhKX28MzYA84yf32LxrSEKyhw/s1600/26-+A_variabilis+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj12QNL83IT1jx4YdWPyE_nKN88VXJWEpFnkFUBMrQx3COILE9eIkxU1VOCj_lRmq8SFDWXynyoNvPv6WCQ7rx8vBxmSp7VV_BmbVshf5PIYvk66EcfsZxhKX28MzYA84yf32LxrSEKyhw/s400/26-+A_variabilis+1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-foot-cell of Apophysomyces which resembles the same feature more commonly found in <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2010/06/aspergillus-species-foot-cell.html" target="_blank"><i>Aspergillus</i> species</a>.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCfHrbBYEDWVn12CD9ZimYI1x9_LorcQFroxhLyfeVfoPxEtYEfwVDzw5XaKxEiZGx53TRh6pRJKROINO79M58R9Rpi6EbkJPHYiI8sFkcAs0_OvBDYiwRhlj2PwN3TDiSjYqZNQ978CM/s1600/27-+A_variabilis+1000%252B10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCfHrbBYEDWVn12CD9ZimYI1x9_LorcQFroxhLyfeVfoPxEtYEfwVDzw5XaKxEiZGx53TRh6pRJKROINO79M58R9Rpi6EbkJPHYiI8sFkcAs0_OvBDYiwRhlj2PwN3TDiSjYqZNQ978CM/s400/27-+A_variabilis+1000%252B10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-a sporangium breaking apart to release the sporangiospores within. They really do look variable in shape in this photo, true to the species name, 'variabilis'.</div>
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(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnoaPRvPsAUb9sjtrNJZ7T_fjmsIFtzPz9dC5MsQb3Ahlbn21dEQvkc5isq-nvi2U5VBg7qIoI7uEc1OKQceV4qCG3h9wFWgsByM1Qswdrdst8gWYfxb1imFcXxlFcBbhFQ_kr0WcWzxw/s1600/28-+A_variabilis+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnoaPRvPsAUb9sjtrNJZ7T_fjmsIFtzPz9dC5MsQb3Ahlbn21dEQvkc5isq-nvi2U5VBg7qIoI7uEc1OKQceV4qCG3h9wFWgsByM1Qswdrdst8gWYfxb1imFcXxlFcBbhFQ_kr0WcWzxw/s400/28-+A_variabilis+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-rhizoid, appears to have wrapped itself around a hyphal element.</div>
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(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOc22Fy5obXAGLQQJbqtyQBwIdldmqGXhbO-YQ7KjqOsFvgSsF9S5TdwqLdOUHAL7BNDy_8Bbjd6UGA_Iiofhs6Du95hxCoI78GhHppEsFLHGva2BUkMTc0S2Qy7AVDFJ-6iC8b-u3Oi8/s1600/29-+A_variabilis+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOc22Fy5obXAGLQQJbqtyQBwIdldmqGXhbO-YQ7KjqOsFvgSsF9S5TdwqLdOUHAL7BNDy_8Bbjd6UGA_Iiofhs6Du95hxCoI78GhHppEsFLHGva2BUkMTc0S2Qy7AVDFJ-6iC8b-u3Oi8/s400/29-+A_variabilis+400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-small rhizoid at center.</div>
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(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Apophomyces variabilis </i>-okay, now that's a rhizoid! </div>
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(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Zygomycetes - </i>some of the structures mentioned here and common to most zygomycetes<br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7; font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Physiology:</b></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apophysomyces</i>,
unlike other Zygomycetes, exhibits resistance to cycloheximide and therefore
should grow on Mycosel® and Dermasel ® media.</div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apophysomyces</i>
grows well at 30ᵒC, 37ᵒC & 42ᵒC</div>
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<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;">
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<div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a>
<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1130140610000148" target="_blank">Molecular phylogenetic diversity of emerging mucoralean fungus<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Apophysomyces</i>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Proposal of three new species. </a></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
Eduardo Alvearez, Alberto M. Stchigel, Josep Cano,
Deanna A. Sutton, Annette W. Fothergill, Jagdish Chander, Valentina Salas,
Michael G. Rinaldi and Josep Guarro</div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
Rev. Iberoam Microbiol., 2010 27(2) pg. 80 - 89 <u>(for purchase)</u></div>
</div>
<div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></a>
<a href="http://jcm.asm.org/content/26/9/1861.full.pdf" target="_blank">Simple Method of Inducing Sporulation by Apophysomyceselegans and Saksenaea vasiformis.</a></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
Arvind A. Padhye and Libero Ajello </div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
Journ. Clin. Microbio., Sept. 1988, pg. 1861 –
1863.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <u>(free PDF) </u>
</span></div>
</div>
</div>
Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-8247556894047636552015-05-10T12:15:00.000-04:002015-05-10T12:34:52.037-04:00Sporothrix schenckii Complex ("Revisited")<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sporothrix schenckii</span></i><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> Complex </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">–Hyphomycetes<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Dimorphic Fungus)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><b>Note1:</b></span> </span>I first added a post entitled <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/11/sporothrix-schenckii.html" target="_blank"><i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> back in November of 2008</a> while bedbound, recovering from a
serious injury.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I had just discovering ‘blogging’
and toyed with the idea of posting a few film photos that I had tucked away in
a drawer – just for the fun of it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
poor quality photo demanded it be upgraded once I decided to keep up my blog ‘Fun
with Microbiology’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Finally, here is the
upgraded blog post, perhaps more accurately entitled <b><i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> complex Revisited</b>.</div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><b>Note2:</b></span>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>In recent years, gene sequencing
studies have revealed that the species previously known as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sporothrix schenckii</i> is actually composed of several species.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The currently accepted species names of the
species which comprise the complex are as follows<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>S.albicans </i>(formerly <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sporothrix pallida</i>)<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, S.brasiliensis, S.globosa, S.luriei, S.mexicana</i>, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">S.schenckii</i> , ‘sensu strictu’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As many clinical laboratories may not have
routine access to molecular technology for specific speciation, this blog simply describes <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> complex with macroscopic, microscopic and physiological features found in most current textbooks.</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ecology:</span></b></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sporothrix</i> is a
cosmopolitan (found just about everywhere) fungus which is commonly isolated
from soil and decomposing plant matter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Peat moss is a particularly well known source of Sporothrix.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It may also be found on living plants such as
rose bushes leading to what has been termed ‘rose handler’s disease’ where the
fungus gains entry to the host through thorny pricks.</div>
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<b>
</b><br />
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<b><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pathogenicity:</span></span></b></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sporothrix
schenckii</i> is the agent responsible for sporotrichosis, a chronic infection
that most frequently begins as a skin puncture with introduction of the fungus
into the subcutaneous tissues.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Eventually it will involve the lymph nodes and lymphatic channels that
drain the infected area.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Implantation of
the fungus is usually by puncture by items contaminated with plant material harbouring
the fungus such as wood splinters, sphagnum moss, hay or thorns as previously
mentioned.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pulmonary (respiratory)
infection may also develop in predisposed individuals after inhaling fungal
spores.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rare cases of disseminated <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sporothrix</i> infection with a fatal
outcome have been reported.</div>
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Laboratory acquired infections have also been reported.</div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sporothrix
schenckii</i> is a thermally dimorphic fungus, meaning it can take on one of
two forms depending on the temperature it finds itself in.</div>
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</span></span></span>At 25ᵒC exhibits the mould (filamentous) form,
with a glabrous, moist texture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Initially white or cream coloured, the colony may acquire a black colour
with aging</div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>At 37ᵒC exhibits a yeast-like form, with a
creamy texture, cream to beige in colour.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Macroscopic
Morphology:</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b>The mould or filamentous phase in greater detail:</b></span></div>
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Growth is described by most sources s moderately rapid to
rapid, with the colony becoming mature within 7 days.</div>
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The filamentous phase grown on SAB or PDA is generally
cream coloured with some sources describing orange to orange-grey
colouration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the fungus matures, a
salt & peppery brown or black colour develops with the colony retaining a
narrow whitish border.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Isolates may vary
in their colour, some being dark/black from initial growth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stock cultures kept for long periods may lose
their dark colour completely. </div>
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The reverse of darkly pigmented colonies is usually dark
in the center with a progressively lighter periphery.</div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sporothrix</i>
initially has a moist appearance but becomes wrinkled and leather to velvety in
texture as it ages.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfVZsUhtcjtb2nkkXb0VZRRAsPzd_8K9Smf-qgnAEXLULm8x-g-ztg70YzALm7zC8sh9OC_n_dqCGTXFB5wNcaTWRYX6F4c7qnA33AOc4u7z03LbVhCxehxWVgRmC0RuayJA_vmvffDX4/s1600/01-+S_schenkii+SAB+3wks+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfVZsUhtcjtb2nkkXb0VZRRAsPzd_8K9Smf-qgnAEXLULm8x-g-ztg70YzALm7zC8sh9OC_n_dqCGTXFB5wNcaTWRYX6F4c7qnA33AOc4u7z03LbVhCxehxWVgRmC0RuayJA_vmvffDX4/s400/01-+S_schenkii+SAB+3wks+4.jpg" width="378" /></a></div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> - SAB<b>, </b>30ᵒC, 3 weeks incubation (<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEict5lSXqiN4DgBFpwT_C6_9QqiHVm_qgEdTwo51dWcVe0UfEtmRFPGCdCCXuuh_0Lk7DnL4LrJ7AKeuM-D-oz-YDH3NFpi55jGVeB5L9P29YjB6sHavDSvO8sg5jTFMoLqAyClcK5ahsE/s1600/02-+S_schenkii+SAB+3wks+Rev.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEict5lSXqiN4DgBFpwT_C6_9QqiHVm_qgEdTwo51dWcVe0UfEtmRFPGCdCCXuuh_0Lk7DnL4LrJ7AKeuM-D-oz-YDH3NFpi55jGVeB5L9P29YjB6sHavDSvO8sg5jTFMoLqAyClcK5ahsE/s200/02-+S_schenkii+SAB+3wks+Rev.jpg" width="164" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b>The Yeast Phase:</b></span></div>
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The yeast phase is best induced by growing the fungus on
Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) agar at 37ᵒC, and observing after several
generations (subcultures).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>At 37ᵒC, <i>Sporothrix exhibits</i> a yeast-like form, with a
creamy texture, cream to beige in colour which also may darken with aging.</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b>(Yeast Phase Photo further below) </b></span></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></div>
<br />
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<b><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Microscopic
Morphology:</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fillamentous Mould Phase: </span></span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sporothrix</i>
produces narrow (1 – 2 µm dia.) hyaline, septate and branching hyphae.</div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sporothrix</i>
produces two types of conidia:</div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Slender, tapering conidiophores arise at right
angles from undifferentiated hyphae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Hyaline conidia are produced at a small swelling at the conidiophores
apex by sympodial growth resulting in a “rosette-like” appearance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These conidia (2 – 3 X 3 – 6 µm) are
tear-drop shaped to round in appearance and unless disturbed, remain attached
to the conidiophore in young cultures via thread-like denticles. (Rosette)</div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Single thick-walled brown to black
(dematiaceous) sessile conidia (2 – 4 µm dia.) can also be present, arising
directly from the hyphae.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj442d3ZT37ZQlEfHHTpDw5RD748Jn5NOnWPh-4NjvYAfEnK5AkFVHhix3zbiDebU8gFMsF4MG1fimxRJRMVkUDUh9ExawwP_6vQZHoTrM_QmG2rQCs6L2Bu_d4Hb3icd0Xbg1f5wAx12k/s1600/03-+Sporothrix_schenckii_Complex_100X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj442d3ZT37ZQlEfHHTpDw5RD748Jn5NOnWPh-4NjvYAfEnK5AkFVHhix3zbiDebU8gFMsF4MG1fimxRJRMVkUDUh9ExawwP_6vQZHoTrM_QmG2rQCs6L2Bu_d4Hb3icd0Xbg1f5wAx12k/s400/03-+Sporothrix_schenckii_Complex_100X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> -Initial look at the growth attached to a cover slip from a slide culture.</div>
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(100X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjznfRH8TotGXczIeBSAAA5iwDpC3GEArQUzKuWmRkDR0eHzvlEJOPuK7nIxFNt0NWs5jpL7yv6Ex5feGcbS5PyGIpiydk7AnTtDm_j6PqzBkuVJWyTmeAapZTm7roUk_AbWr2fLncT-tI/s1600/04-+Sporothrix_schenckii_complex_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjznfRH8TotGXczIeBSAAA5iwDpC3GEArQUzKuWmRkDR0eHzvlEJOPuK7nIxFNt0NWs5jpL7yv6Ex5feGcbS5PyGIpiydk7AnTtDm_j6PqzBkuVJWyTmeAapZTm7roUk_AbWr2fLncT-tI/s400/04-+Sporothrix_schenckii_complex_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> - A closer look where detail begins to emerge.</div>
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(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6jUi0UyGYg2IrZi06XJfdFrGPpWA1S0-J7KtLwxL2Qf2IykUtGUt_SXnSEMkyS0o9YycvA8Rlv-kt1doQ1OYGmPRdnej-zKwymFWlNVE0iD-5lMZwOkNvJQ_tBqasGfVQFuSZ5bmmOj8/s1600/05-+Sporothrix_schenckii_complex_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6jUi0UyGYg2IrZi06XJfdFrGPpWA1S0-J7KtLwxL2Qf2IykUtGUt_SXnSEMkyS0o9YycvA8Rlv-kt1doQ1OYGmPRdnej-zKwymFWlNVE0iD-5lMZwOkNvJQ_tBqasGfVQFuSZ5bmmOj8/s400/05-+Sporothrix_schenckii_complex_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> - ditto</div>
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(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPkYjCK80N7AsgXqE0iD7RenBSNf_ifJVLZQL5IKZIJXOP1-CPQ9QywgMW1yDhDcMNFKNih51FqrkVUD3yjpAMfuuG0bi0mj_iyQK2RD1GKdMNp6vXdurhisu1zDaDoBa_PkIbuVrUi7E/s1600/06-+Sporothrix+_schenckii_complex_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPkYjCK80N7AsgXqE0iD7RenBSNf_ifJVLZQL5IKZIJXOP1-CPQ9QywgMW1yDhDcMNFKNih51FqrkVUD3yjpAMfuuG0bi0mj_iyQK2RD1GKdMNp6vXdurhisu1zDaDoBa_PkIbuVrUi7E/s400/06-+Sporothrix+_schenckii_complex_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> - At yet a higher magnification, fine structures emerge. Conidia are easily seen at the tips of conidiophores. At the center of this photo one such structure is seen in a 'rosette' arrangement, typical for this fungus.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja81udMpCwXVBa8y6Vgpjs_5YBuZQOHFwfnL1V9-YJIqJYocNIzIRLfViZ0viQK7prSNGYI3ObfeFMA_RhK_lEhyphenhyphenh9oJwqg4qXgq-LQLxWtk2BqY0ajf5eTPCNy-xQPuxDBtLgGudSJ0U/s1600/07-+Sporothrix_schenckii_complex_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEja81udMpCwXVBa8y6Vgpjs_5YBuZQOHFwfnL1V9-YJIqJYocNIzIRLfViZ0viQK7prSNGYI3ObfeFMA_RhK_lEhyphenhyphenh9oJwqg4qXgq-LQLxWtk2BqY0ajf5eTPCNy-xQPuxDBtLgGudSJ0U/s400/07-+Sporothrix_schenckii_complex_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> - hyphae bearing conidiophores with conidia being produced sympodially at the apex. (1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitYv6E74T162d9wQtnLwF9ZEyGI_bKesjPHZLaHOT7I6m3NDHlWvfAk9jdpqRlLC3uO92kih8iB8C_hCKY81dBr-jJVc_4OZrDh3DzEb-A7qirLDFxwjMMtAbnKdbWxYqHOCz2cXHKepw/s1600/08-+Sporothrix_schenckii_complex_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitYv6E74T162d9wQtnLwF9ZEyGI_bKesjPHZLaHOT7I6m3NDHlWvfAk9jdpqRlLC3uO92kih8iB8C_hCKY81dBr-jJVc_4OZrDh3DzEb-A7qirLDFxwjMMtAbnKdbWxYqHOCz2cXHKepw/s400/08-+Sporothrix_schenckii_complex_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> - appearing somewhat in 3-D, the hypha is seen running across the photo with conidiophores extending at right angles from the hypha. Conidia formation is is seen at different stages with the conidiophore at the right having accumulated numerous conidia.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB. DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSc_gUAbw9aZZoyFUWzsnHDwSdZNYwItt8KBPOw8yFoBh1kUmgDRLFyPuWPh6ugX44VhF8bFyVCdPXcRuZp1Y-In5ZCRu02SWIi__Tmra_ZY-GPpg4xcnUbNHHsUswCjgcCeYCo61kZh0/s1600/09-+Sporothrix_schenckii_complex_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSc_gUAbw9aZZoyFUWzsnHDwSdZNYwItt8KBPOw8yFoBh1kUmgDRLFyPuWPh6ugX44VhF8bFyVCdPXcRuZp1Y-In5ZCRu02SWIi__Tmra_ZY-GPpg4xcnUbNHHsUswCjgcCeYCo61kZh0/s400/09-+Sporothrix_schenckii_complex_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> - again in "3-D" perspective, you can see a number of hyphae below, and out of the plane of focus of the camera, bearing conidiophores which appear to be rising upwards, towards the camera/viewer. Conidia are present at the apex.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> -septate hyphae are show and two well defined conidiophores are shown with a 'rosette' of conidia at the apex.</div>
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(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> -another look at the conidiophores with conidia accumulated at the apex (tips). Fine thread-like denticles can be seen attaching the ellipsoid or tear drop shaped conidia to the conidiophore.</div>
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(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> -yet another view, as above.</div>
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(1000+10X. LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> -what is meant as a "rosette" configuration of conidia. This is typical of <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> and assists in its identification.</div>
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(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> - I particularly like this photo. Like a shower of delicate flowers. What is seen are the conidia rosettes at the tips of unseen conidiophores and hyphae, below the plane of focus. (1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> -a single hypha running through the photo, bearing conidia in typical rosette pattern. (1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> -single, sessile and begining to show dark pigment (dematiaceous), are seen along the hypae. (1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> -ditto. Black pigment much more pronounced in this photo.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> - again, as above.</div>
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(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> - just another photo...</div>
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(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> -Sessile (attached directly to hypha) with many developing a dark pigmentation (dematiaceous) which gives the macroscopic colony its distinctive colour.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> - dematiaceous cells are more abundantly produced as the colony ages.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> -sessile dematiaceous conidia are seen lining a hypha running through the photo, as well as some conidiophores bearing the tear-drop shaped conidia.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> -another view of the sessile, dematiaceous conidia lining the hypha with a few conidiophores extending from the hypha showing the delicate rosette arrangement at the tips. (1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> -and just another photo showing what was described in the last few photos.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> -a nice rosette formation in the center of the photo.</div>
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(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span><span style="color: #674ea7;"><b>The Yeast Phase:</b></span></div>
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As previously mentioned, the yeast phase is best induced by growing the fungus on
Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) agar at 37ᵒC, and observing after several
generations (subcultures).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yeast cells
are round to ovoid of varying size (1 – 3 X 3 – 10 µm), producing single or
multiple buds often resembling rabbit ears or ‘Mickey Mouse’ ears extending
from the primary yeast cell.<br />
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<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> -the very same organism added to the nutritionally rich Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) agar and incubated at 37ᵒC for ten days. A typical pasty, yeast form develops which is why this organism is 'dimorphic'. (<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmY1mDFdtK-6qUqilOD98bjXpcQBUOKMlkv16dYmQn6cdrEY6QGS91NJ2mzhwjsI7z9PnTqLnoZbVXAeCaw9ZPsIYmpjO7FkNQG6SK7nq1fomcOI3EswLjthdidA3ZY2CpfRWRHdrG7GU/s1600/27-+image_2014y10m17d_00h39m02s_B_1000+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmY1mDFdtK-6qUqilOD98bjXpcQBUOKMlkv16dYmQn6cdrEY6QGS91NJ2mzhwjsI7z9PnTqLnoZbVXAeCaw9ZPsIYmpjO7FkNQG6SK7nq1fomcOI3EswLjthdidA3ZY2CpfRWRHdrG7GU/s400/27-+image_2014y10m17d_00h39m02s_B_1000+10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> -yeast cells seen in a suspension in Lactophenol Cotton Blue.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj14dSV2ZXCrd1u-O_o83ZeUwwZhVB2uMbirlrM3d05qa4Ekp3w0Puc1c5qNC2EzRxkGEowRkqInIB0PjVN918DvNZ1dQ0ahxN7xCPM_I9YLsU5xANTrguwlQ0XOgEntupIZ8Qq-1UUh2s/s1600/28-+image_2014y10m17d_00h34m13s_B_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj14dSV2ZXCrd1u-O_o83ZeUwwZhVB2uMbirlrM3d05qa4Ekp3w0Puc1c5qNC2EzRxkGEowRkqInIB0PjVN918DvNZ1dQ0ahxN7xCPM_I9YLsU5xANTrguwlQ0XOgEntupIZ8Qq-1UUh2s/s400/28-+image_2014y10m17d_00h34m13s_B_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> - Sporothrix in the yeast phase may show single yeas like cells with some of the population budding with typical "rabbit ears" or "Mickey Mouse" ears. They appear as two elongated cells projecting from the same surface of the parent cell. One can be seen here, one-third in from the center left edge of the photo. (1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_TrPd_V7Ay0ObrLdTii-r6wqPLC2YMa7qvHsKLw2CXEwXXvbl8A9IDMV2FZYuZDqyTCvmLIsLt4MlYueapfB7lY9mF0DHBuWMdL1CvH-27Q2X03K_tqPTo6hBm44Bk1XQ8Ln5FRzel04/s1600/29-+Sporothrix_schenckii_complex_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_TrPd_V7Ay0ObrLdTii-r6wqPLC2YMa7qvHsKLw2CXEwXXvbl8A9IDMV2FZYuZDqyTCvmLIsLt4MlYueapfB7lY9mF0DHBuWMdL1CvH-27Q2X03K_tqPTo6hBm44Bk1XQ8Ln5FRzel04/s400/29-+Sporothrix_schenckii_complex_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> -"Mickey Mouse' ear configuration in the cell at the upper center.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, Nikon)</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> -again, yeast cells with two attached daughter cells on the same side giving the apearance of "rabbit ears" or "Mickey Mouse" ears.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<br /></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> -ditto (as above) -inset -floppy 'rabbit ears"</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> - that's it, I'm done!</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Physiology:</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sporothrix</i> is
resistant to cycloheximide; however growth is inhibited at temperatures of 39 -
40ᵒC.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/" target="_blank"><b>Return to the top (Most Recent Posts)</b></a> </span></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;">* * * </span></span></b></div>
Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-69204615006357285092015-04-16T11:12:00.000-04:002015-04-16T11:12:25.190-04:00Exophiala jeanselmei<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Exophiala jeanselmei</span></i></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span>-Mitosporic fungi; Hyphomycetes</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b>Note:</b> With the advent of molecular testing, some sources are stating that <i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> should more correctly be referred to as the<i> Exophiala jeanselmei</i> complex. See explanation at the bottom of this post. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #674ea7;">Also: Compare <i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> with <i>Exophiala dermatitidis</i> elsewhere in this blog by clicking <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2012/07/exophiala-dermatitidis.html" target="_blank">here</a></span></b>. </div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ecology:</b></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Exophiala</i> species
can be found worldwide and may be isolated from soil, decaying wood and fresh
water sources.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pathogenicity:</b></span></div>
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<i>Exophiala jeanselmei </i>may be an agent of mycetoma<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a>
and phaeohyphomycosis<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></a>
has also been implicated as an agent of back grain mycetoma and
chromoblastomycosis<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_edn3" name="_ednref3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[iii]</span></span></span></span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While occurring worldwide, some evidence
suggests that infections, particularly neurotropic infections, may be more
prevalent in East Asia.</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;">
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Macroscopic
Morphology:</b></span></div>
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Colonies are initially moist and yeast-like in texture;
however they soon form a velvety surface due to the production of aerial
mycelia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some isolated can remain
yeast-like without further development. </div>
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The colony can be brownish-black to greenish-black with
the reverse being black in colour.</div>
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<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> grows slowly, maturing within about
14 days at 25ᵒC to 30ᵒC.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbbs_MjjF4W84U2AGYGcvit5QNi1x9M6PrIMLK3uKkBXghF7OwsQKfzXO7wEFVIoS_-ia-tGb-smI9opGY21kawCH2Wwj1m1_joZcMsWA5fndNvd6l1-FWAvdAU-bEl9A7yCfQH24LrgQ/s1600/01-+E_jeanselmei+SAB+3wks+1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbbs_MjjF4W84U2AGYGcvit5QNi1x9M6PrIMLK3uKkBXghF7OwsQKfzXO7wEFVIoS_-ia-tGb-smI9opGY21kawCH2Wwj1m1_joZcMsWA5fndNvd6l1-FWAvdAU-bEl9A7yCfQH24LrgQ/s1600/01-+E_jeanselmei+SAB+3wks+1.jpg" height="400" width="397" /></a></div>
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<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> on SAB after incubation for 3 weeks at 30ᵒC.</div>
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While this isolate matured rather quickly, compared to the "up to 14 days" stated by some sources, the colony expanded outward slowly. <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">(Nikon)</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiYYI1ng-aoH70Zm3NM1MZMRKE0VvUylm00rr0UjlU8okdtsTKWq_Fym7TWbpE24T1DqhSPZPZmkXpA73stXp2jVo2cw9LgJsLLA-d9PxakHQw4tCRz1kk34di7TKF8grFpiyIugSEaRo/s1600/03-+Exophalia+jeanselmei+SAB+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiYYI1ng-aoH70Zm3NM1MZMRKE0VvUylm00rr0UjlU8okdtsTKWq_Fym7TWbpE24T1DqhSPZPZmkXpA73stXp2jVo2cw9LgJsLLA-d9PxakHQw4tCRz1kk34di7TKF8grFpiyIugSEaRo/s1600/03-+Exophalia+jeanselmei+SAB+2.jpg" height="272" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> on SAB after incubation for ~3 weeks at 30ᵒC.</div>
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Heaped up, folded appearance. <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">(Nikon)</a></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"></span><div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEsD6ELwkC_yebJcBHePGUwvIhDEjQrenmAqxLDJIoAIP6EWafvdMBEpDKhuWqYqPNu0WDsb5QiUhZ35_B4pfrmbMq18ffxbc7XBpoC4afPqm17jv9QVujJAPqua7bmkYJglN849EyAx0/s1600/02-+E_jeanselmei+SAB+3wks+Rev.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEsD6ELwkC_yebJcBHePGUwvIhDEjQrenmAqxLDJIoAIP6EWafvdMBEpDKhuWqYqPNu0WDsb5QiUhZ35_B4pfrmbMq18ffxbc7XBpoC4afPqm17jv9QVujJAPqua7bmkYJglN849EyAx0/s1600/02-+E_jeanselmei+SAB+3wks+Rev.jpg" height="200" width="187" /></a><span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Microscopic
Morphology:</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbbs_MjjF4W84U2AGYGcvit5QNi1x9M6PrIMLK3uKkBXghF7OwsQKfzXO7wEFVIoS_-ia-tGb-smI9opGY21kawCH2Wwj1m1_joZcMsWA5fndNvd6l1-FWAvdAU-bEl9A7yCfQH24LrgQ/s1600/01-+E_jeanselmei+SAB+3wks+1.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>Young cultures with budding yeast-like cells may
eventually develop septate hyphae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hypha,
initially hyaline (clear) become pale brown to olivaceous as the colony
ages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The conidiogenous annellophores
(structure producing annelloconidia) are slender, sometimes branched, and
narrow towards the apex (tip).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The smooth
annelloconidia (2.5 – 6.0 µm X 1.2 – 2.5 µm) are oval or ellipsoidal in shape
and if undisturbed, accumulate in clusters around the tip and upper sides of
the annellide.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Potato Dextrose Agar
(PDA) or Corn Meal Agar (CMA) may enhance conidia production, however all the
photos on this post were taken from isolates grown on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar
(SAB) with copious conidia produced.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqD4E6FZFL6Gi5hqluMHKjNFyVN3nWpOoAsNK195rBfigOexa2uAxxhD3FKKfLAn8fFogJrIDP_e3SfSUQxr14DRWLMw3xJ_JkJgjY07DJOjb-MwSsRJ67fw-8cnC8bihDXtBFp6IIiyI/s1600/04-+E_jeanselmei_250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqD4E6FZFL6Gi5hqluMHKjNFyVN3nWpOoAsNK195rBfigOexa2uAxxhD3FKKfLAn8fFogJrIDP_e3SfSUQxr14DRWLMw3xJ_JkJgjY07DJOjb-MwSsRJ67fw-8cnC8bihDXtBFp6IIiyI/s1600/04-+E_jeanselmei_250X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> - mycelial growth adhering to small piece of agar from a slide culture after 4 days of growth. (250X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108)</a></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJhwVIzcXIxN87Zdf9vBMVblWhn-ivZ0yZT_t1ZBG0r3y7D58mfPqJLLlPDQP5Gml8HIY4BzX6loBvsUzGNVTR3tauNEJeh1t93aLjTACYtAheM8MgeRMTRblJcCTGTjE7Uuex6K5x8is/s1600/05-+E_jeanselmei_250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJhwVIzcXIxN87Zdf9vBMVblWhn-ivZ0yZT_t1ZBG0r3y7D58mfPqJLLlPDQP5Gml8HIY4BzX6loBvsUzGNVTR3tauNEJeh1t93aLjTACYtAheM8MgeRMTRblJcCTGTjE7Uuex6K5x8is/s1600/05-+E_jeanselmei_250X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> - small clusters or balls of conidia become evident, dispersed along the mycelia at this magnification. (250X, LPCB, Nikon)</div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZS5JwSSHEcroL4Nvwt8vm3IpqgbrHLgLuAWcDDpPpUldvVR_6qDtjBK1shEAkwZTwH2UogxisW0GmvyPNRiS8Iw7Z_8j6gNRvjkZn6HxIm-SnIJQCMqoR8cyj4stZ2CEbdOluWHwpVwM/s1600/06-+E_jeanselmei_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZS5JwSSHEcroL4Nvwt8vm3IpqgbrHLgLuAWcDDpPpUldvVR_6qDtjBK1shEAkwZTwH2UogxisW0GmvyPNRiS8Iw7Z_8j6gNRvjkZn6HxIm-SnIJQCMqoR8cyj4stZ2CEbdOluWHwpVwM/s1600/06-+E_jeanselmei_400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> -Individual conida can now be made out at this magnification.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT8iaYu5x1eDK7Ns_jS8_Zf0-CYg-O7RP0Kg4TgxVX2YJbLtQH0NfJHt52Bl-49W1CxOgxTarZeNTEQZKOU-5u3gwLTY7EnkQ9DaR2t8_gGJs-PDJu6cqpTyOsozvcFXedBSpbojS2XNk/s1600/07-+E_jeanselmei_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT8iaYu5x1eDK7Ns_jS8_Zf0-CYg-O7RP0Kg4TgxVX2YJbLtQH0NfJHt52Bl-49W1CxOgxTarZeNTEQZKOU-5u3gwLTY7EnkQ9DaR2t8_gGJs-PDJu6cqpTyOsozvcFXedBSpbojS2XNk/s1600/07-+E_jeanselmei_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> -septate hyphae appear as if vacuolated. Conidiogenous structures (annellophores) do not appear to be highly differentiated from the hyphae themselves and can be intercalary (along the hyphae) or terminal (at the end of the hyphae).</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEC6v7wZcYBJ2Mpv2_ar-5KMM8dSvCDn57ih1gCHCI8QBYHNyG4Bk_y1j5PFSAvLlbPKqkQMD6otzsdjvwgmwBfrdfs-6_8yGPRFEmgcaVWwTm9MLRaJ_uUjbyskco62CWOhv9-jsB6-M/s1600/08-+E_jeanselmei_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEC6v7wZcYBJ2Mpv2_ar-5KMM8dSvCDn57ih1gCHCI8QBYHNyG4Bk_y1j5PFSAvLlbPKqkQMD6otzsdjvwgmwBfrdfs-6_8yGPRFEmgcaVWwTm9MLRaJ_uUjbyskco62CWOhv9-jsB6-M/s1600/08-+E_jeanselmei_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> -as above, with typical accumulation of the oval to ellipsoidal annelloconidia around the top, and along the sides of the annellophore.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNhFkRcQggrgIv_FU7XTYkLnuiaRd9VwM99cpmVMUWR0fW4XOwIghLL79Bs3lgCufy6D_YliKAKTwiPEm1Vgh_1JlxmSS_WFT2fSmB1GCF8ROEKvKusmuAqBmlbV3wZtRLzPdQULERP5Y/s1600/09-+E_jeanselmei_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNhFkRcQggrgIv_FU7XTYkLnuiaRd9VwM99cpmVMUWR0fW4XOwIghLL79Bs3lgCufy6D_YliKAKTwiPEm1Vgh_1JlxmSS_WFT2fSmB1GCF8ROEKvKusmuAqBmlbV3wZtRLzPdQULERP5Y/s1600/09-+E_jeanselmei_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> -again, intercalary, and terminal production of annelloconidia.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzcKsguatImxiA69hiHLdes-_IPltZy_1HP-mcI8sXl1yi9n_lpRga2RKm28gklGxxjsFYxU8up-9AOwMSLazshxZ9lAADMWVSjOnTYk80eM-2r71JZhZNiRC-iNdGMtGqd7KPjtMVU18/s1600/10-+E_jeanselmei_1000+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzcKsguatImxiA69hiHLdes-_IPltZy_1HP-mcI8sXl1yi9n_lpRga2RKm28gklGxxjsFYxU8up-9AOwMSLazshxZ9lAADMWVSjOnTYk80eM-2r71JZhZNiRC-iNdGMtGqd7KPjtMVU18/s1600/10-+E_jeanselmei_1000+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> -and another.</div>
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(1000+10X, LPCB,<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank"> DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9k3YW2F8pxvxgJJqnQ-ThankjmjGIPIcsR5DfH6y_qQEjQaYEuEFSsXg77ZXpvyD8_aE-InS-BynENpFWk3wKOm4FZLTnetw6uNR6knDi3CyYrTmOWGsuRVvn_J3dtoazYnp63S6FFts/s1600/12-+E_jeanselmei_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9k3YW2F8pxvxgJJqnQ-ThankjmjGIPIcsR5DfH6y_qQEjQaYEuEFSsXg77ZXpvyD8_aE-InS-BynENpFWk3wKOm4FZLTnetw6uNR6knDi3CyYrTmOWGsuRVvn_J3dtoazYnp63S6FFts/s1600/12-+E_jeanselmei_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> -Both clusters of conidia and individual conidia can be seen at the tips of the annellophores. (1000, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrXUSRMc19ujontLPgby4iVtFWNCH0B9cvzOF5rrTevSEkoqfJPADEbUNPw2wVRJKb7osPW-pHcmL_qzIzBWA35weRe03cZ8yJZmDqZjIcN-D27E_u4wQUVUtF9pYXRoyXmioeX2udo4E/s1600/13-+E_jeanselmei_1000+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrXUSRMc19ujontLPgby4iVtFWNCH0B9cvzOF5rrTevSEkoqfJPADEbUNPw2wVRJKb7osPW-pHcmL_qzIzBWA35weRe03cZ8yJZmDqZjIcN-D27E_u4wQUVUtF9pYXRoyXmioeX2udo4E/s1600/13-+E_jeanselmei_1000+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> -Branched annellophore with (annello)conidia.</div>
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(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsjzJ0TvcAsBY0MnlaYkhRd2ISyLHcC1AjoB41OlEI-Cy-nWH-WbNJzgxck9vX1pKM549KfBapJOc4pGzbrOtBw56NJTrQ1JkZj4fZYjHg7TFBOiArdrtOVkB39KnFKqJHa-0McWvP_SI/s1600/14-+E_jeanselmei_1000+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsjzJ0TvcAsBY0MnlaYkhRd2ISyLHcC1AjoB41OlEI-Cy-nWH-WbNJzgxck9vX1pKM549KfBapJOc4pGzbrOtBw56NJTrQ1JkZj4fZYjHg7TFBOiArdrtOVkB39KnFKqJHa-0McWvP_SI/s1600/14-+E_jeanselmei_1000+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> - and another...</div>
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(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl0FVrF3TfPSvlKkz43oUdTiKt4bqUx2nUNsLEOi_CzegG-vW56hv1oE3rTN-R_A83k82KXLDyKJgyxzQ3FT5GBG62zLwgvwIWd-6XuA-CAxHJjuqpoox-gp2kSogDQ0Raj0Ni5vPEeRA/s1600/15-+E_jeanselmei_1000+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl0FVrF3TfPSvlKkz43oUdTiKt4bqUx2nUNsLEOi_CzegG-vW56hv1oE3rTN-R_A83k82KXLDyKJgyxzQ3FT5GBG62zLwgvwIWd-6XuA-CAxHJjuqpoox-gp2kSogDQ0Raj0Ni5vPEeRA/s1600/15-+E_jeanselmei_1000+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> - ditto, as above.</div>
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(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBvGRapbQUjJOVcanU0wwcAd9WIqSx_UtQrtNNR4zmBKsrAXP4XwGlnEgzRgwHhs143I3xrG-0O_Nm86JWvdWpr8lnV7zzqrX8pYFsk-BPe7uZWm6Vw-aJWybqdcEmJ0ugaoNqfU66AJY/s1600/16-+E_jeanselmei_1000+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBvGRapbQUjJOVcanU0wwcAd9WIqSx_UtQrtNNR4zmBKsrAXP4XwGlnEgzRgwHhs143I3xrG-0O_Nm86JWvdWpr8lnV7zzqrX8pYFsk-BPe7uZWm6Vw-aJWybqdcEmJ0ugaoNqfU66AJY/s1600/16-+E_jeanselmei_1000+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> -branched conidiophore at various stages of conidia production.</div>
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(1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5N2_sjrAjm9i2hRwQAQS7jcNjc81Wda3FEwyK2WMvSC5wFZhhFwLgtAYt2QnLyqoxp9j3Vv3XONsOswE9USlhiIFn-T1H66PWMkOgArXpBVbsQwn-T7unaXMOoIsM2RInG91qiAxMQN4/s1600/18-+E_jeanselmei_1000+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5N2_sjrAjm9i2hRwQAQS7jcNjc81Wda3FEwyK2WMvSC5wFZhhFwLgtAYt2QnLyqoxp9j3Vv3XONsOswE9USlhiIFn-T1H66PWMkOgArXpBVbsQwn-T7unaXMOoIsM2RInG91qiAxMQN4/s1600/18-+E_jeanselmei_1000+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> -okay, too many photos of the same structures!!</div>
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(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimcqJSUAfAq1oshnMtAxZPFqf-95AHkC2QJlH2n_QzS6cZIkKWwt8uZjDlJvHnPGe_h1fqx_KtLTSeGFm4sKh5XdM5FeX1G8jnGh4VcchZE0gDA7BjFrNuAUEuBHBdqVgRCFZVmSXrHB8/s1600/19-+E_+jenselmei+1000+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimcqJSUAfAq1oshnMtAxZPFqf-95AHkC2QJlH2n_QzS6cZIkKWwt8uZjDlJvHnPGe_h1fqx_KtLTSeGFm4sKh5XdM5FeX1G8jnGh4VcchZE0gDA7BjFrNuAUEuBHBdqVgRCFZVmSXrHB8/s1600/19-+E_+jenselmei+1000+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> -the annellophore appears undifferentiated from the hyphae from which it arises. Nice photo showing the annelloconidia accumulated around the apex of the annellophore from which they were produced. Conidia are single-celled with the darkly staining band across the center of the conidia not being a septum. Also visible on many of the conidia is the remnants of a fringe, the scar that remains from where they were attached to the conidiophore. This represents a specific method of reproduction and fringe or scar (annellide) is why we specify the conidiophore as an annellophore, and the conidia as an annelloconidia. (1000+10X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwwyIYifjD0YHC0SjNR5Sqpy5AwhzcptfQEDEIJLknycXRgf0LrKXpZHLazAbWarFYgEgabg5UDJTMDC2gA9UVJnV13NmDFkyViIgpBCCJoXCLkW1u2Mxkz43gsP0_WvdQv1X46kPDdWc/s1600/20-+E_jeanselmei_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwwyIYifjD0YHC0SjNR5Sqpy5AwhzcptfQEDEIJLknycXRgf0LrKXpZHLazAbWarFYgEgabg5UDJTMDC2gA9UVJnV13NmDFkyViIgpBCCJoXCLkW1u2Mxkz43gsP0_WvdQv1X46kPDdWc/s1600/20-+E_jeanselmei_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> -as the colony matures, the hypha become pigmented which gives the colony its distinctive colour. (1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUxp31Ue23NdGBdl5oVGO9bnvpU9yzuWPKNj3k3W-JWAFFr5dU6P6uTKpaXWsjGc-fIKks9bvqr-TvQB_kKPr5h-agEtqhUqOF8tvzWioXU1zTZv6tLA_SElqkxQNpYLCyAvv0GCq7Uyw/s1600/21-+E_jeanselmei_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUxp31Ue23NdGBdl5oVGO9bnvpU9yzuWPKNj3k3W-JWAFFr5dU6P6uTKpaXWsjGc-fIKks9bvqr-TvQB_kKPr5h-agEtqhUqOF8tvzWioXU1zTZv6tLA_SElqkxQNpYLCyAvv0GCq7Uyw/s1600/21-+E_jeanselmei_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> -as above, just another view,</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0xI3wb96ocV0d3BvrClk_EdjVTIgjybtr1SOmREvOIzgAPcIZT9LxEZIGmc-Y67HtAOTqboQGP5gtQhP8_-p2Gu69DSeaogSJJFl5Zi7m4CEgz2UVoadgLPwzukSnEjvk-K2PvqcwyOM/s1600/30-+E_jeanselmei_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0xI3wb96ocV0d3BvrClk_EdjVTIgjybtr1SOmREvOIzgAPcIZT9LxEZIGmc-Y67HtAOTqboQGP5gtQhP8_-p2Gu69DSeaogSJJFl5Zi7m4CEgz2UVoadgLPwzukSnEjvk-K2PvqcwyOM/s1600/30-+E_jeanselmei_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> -an interesting shot showing the annellophore rising upwards from it's parent hyphae with the annelloconidia clustered about the apex. Almost three-dimensional. </div>
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(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX0f7bN1B3SRdIoJ5zncVcTR6EDQZM8sX-Q46JwhrSJSgN7FA8oF4hyT5mTD6Lya06xxrEekbaPIvfSEGkRkPIlKHDIIrCeD9dqhgj1ikwy8-5PiKPwOS7KmPBByzvlQ1QPgTlqBgSAUQ/s1600/31-+E_jeanselmei_1000+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX0f7bN1B3SRdIoJ5zncVcTR6EDQZM8sX-Q46JwhrSJSgN7FA8oF4hyT5mTD6Lya06xxrEekbaPIvfSEGkRkPIlKHDIIrCeD9dqhgj1ikwy8-5PiKPwOS7KmPBByzvlQ1QPgTlqBgSAUQ/s1600/31-+E_jeanselmei_1000+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> -copious amounts of conidia are produced.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggU6gf3f1vVHYsrEnZReWTcaNNuUEQA12swcefMztYwpou_hAZuX1ujCl6qgB8LKY9wShcFJThRxgzDPxH5IVFv0Q-7MXq_sF4m_FdiHX1GFUu72YyoWgPJiJhGFjJ6703uHkY7Exl4Q4/s1600/32-+E_jeanselmei_1000+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggU6gf3f1vVHYsrEnZReWTcaNNuUEQA12swcefMztYwpou_hAZuX1ujCl6qgB8LKY9wShcFJThRxgzDPxH5IVFv0Q-7MXq_sF4m_FdiHX1GFUu72YyoWgPJiJhGFjJ6703uHkY7Exl4Q4/s1600/32-+E_jeanselmei_1000+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> -as previously stated, the darkly staining band across the center of the annelloconidium is not a septum. The single-celled annelloconidia have the fringe or scar which remains at one end of the cell which is why the conidia are specifically referred to as annelloconidia.</div>
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(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhr0uUH1zewvNNglgYbwz4-hWpcFjRs44zzquItmxYXYv4GOHMZpAFZerR5p-2UcCuwplzhAEcQU_BUGjAUhK04_rtOB1sENh_QUuRDVminBW3-6shvEr2Nz6-kisHC_kVX57lZUtrTOkA/s1600/33-+E_jeanselmei_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhr0uUH1zewvNNglgYbwz4-hWpcFjRs44zzquItmxYXYv4GOHMZpAFZerR5p-2UcCuwplzhAEcQU_BUGjAUhK04_rtOB1sENh_QUuRDVminBW3-6shvEr2Nz6-kisHC_kVX57lZUtrTOkA/s1600/33-+E_jeanselmei_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> -conidium germinating.</div>
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(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKqrf70RqbzhyrD0sJi7GYg3WrC__P8fFKfDOzQsM-J_6sdOh5FioNyL1ULPoAhI3AUOfRib9EwGmaOlkU1XU06I-wdsjZ77VMUyEnIEabVmJmjfiGe16g0dc8sTnbNEqRawYq1VST7QU/s1600/34-+E_jeanselmei_1000+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKqrf70RqbzhyrD0sJi7GYg3WrC__P8fFKfDOzQsM-J_6sdOh5FioNyL1ULPoAhI3AUOfRib9EwGmaOlkU1XU06I-wdsjZ77VMUyEnIEabVmJmjfiGe16g0dc8sTnbNEqRawYq1VST7QU/s1600/34-+E_jeanselmei_1000+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Exophiala jeanselmei</i> -annelloconidia (1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh76tzDdIeUIdkYp8cBk5zbbV4uWWxOvmsiMSEy69rPsW3WCOR_Vn-p23668rivR836rAVnUB83WNFaEvExXWJ7afqi8Ke9qmkXHiBVVBZS7cbCakE1_S3p82z2aSHp8nrRfFAfgNrGlCM/s1600/Physiological+Chart+-Exophiala.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh76tzDdIeUIdkYp8cBk5zbbV4uWWxOvmsiMSEy69rPsW3WCOR_Vn-p23668rivR836rAVnUB83WNFaEvExXWJ7afqi8Ke9qmkXHiBVVBZS7cbCakE1_S3p82z2aSHp8nrRfFAfgNrGlCM/s1600/Physiological+Chart+-Exophiala.jpg" height="252" width="640" /></a></div>
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</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a> Mycetoma
is a chronic, progressively destructive morbid inflammatory disease usually of
the foot but any part of the body can be affected. Infection is most probably
acquired by traumatic inoculation of certain fungi or bacteria into the
subcutaneous tissue. (WHO)</div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></a> Phaeohyphomycosis
is a heterogeneous group of mycotic infection caused by dematiaceous fungi
whose morphologic characteristics in tissue include hyphae, yeast-like cells,
or a combination of these. (Wikipedia)</div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div id="edn3" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_ednref3" name="_edn3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[iii]</span></span></span></span></a> Chromoblastomycosis
is a chronic fungal infection of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue caused by
traumatic inoculation of a specific group of dematiaceous fungi. (Medscape)</div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b>Note:</b> As with most fungi, speciation of the genus <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Exophiala</i> is undergoing change brought
about by molecular analysis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some
sources are now referring to the ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Exophiala
jeanselmei</i> complex’.</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="color: #674ea7;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #674ea7;">Isolates from the United States that in the past had been
identified as <i>E. jeanselmei</i> based on morphologic and physiologic characteristic
have been shown by molecular methods to be mostly two newly named species
closely related to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E.jeanslemei</i>, i.e.
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Exophiala oligosperma</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Exophiala xenobiotica.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A lower percentage were found to belong to
several other species of Exophiala.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
precise species in the complex can only be determined by molecular testing.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><i>Return to top (Most Recent Posts) </i></span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: #351c75;"><span style="font-size: large;">* * * </span></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-1919595593111400372015-03-27T11:20:00.000-04:002016-01-05T12:17:12.526-05:00Acremonium species<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Acremonium</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> species -</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Hypocreaceae Family </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">(obsolete name <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cephalosporium</i> spp.)</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #351c75;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ecology:</span></b></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>
species are yet another cosmopolitan fungus (ie. found just about everywhere)
which can be isolated from soils as well as decaying plant material.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There are about one hundred recognized species
of <i>Acremonium</i>.</div>
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<span style="color: #351c75;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pathogenicity:</span></b></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>
species is associated with ‘white grain mycetoma’<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a>,
an infection most commonly of the foot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i> has also been implicated in
meningitis, endocarditis, endophthalmitis and corneal ulcers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Onychomycosis or ‘tinea unguium’ (fungal
infections of the nail) may also be caused by localized infection with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Disseminated infections are rare and may
result from traumatic injury and may be more likely in immunocompromised hosts.</div>
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<span style="color: #351c75;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Macroscopic Morphology:</span></b></span></div>
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<i>Acremonium</i> exhibits moderately rapid growth, rather flat
colonies that may be slightly raised in the center.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The colony has been described as glabrous to
membrane-like initially, becoming powdery, cottony or even felt-like as it
matures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The colony may be white to
cream in appearance or even yellowish to coral or pinkish in colour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The reverse is pale, yellowish to pinkish in
colour.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6xIyAL7z2Z06h0tw0Brs3Z06tSlhtojmI8G6tYpSNJLWUDtXzjJkagxGH380YiN2uYzOiwLqbRLTAIKunsOmYqRugiKLdX4GIjpr58s3PluVKHbqCABtq4Z8vyU1lEy0LQVYHdDUY-2Y/s1600/00-+Acremonium+sp+SAB+18d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6xIyAL7z2Z06h0tw0Brs3Z06tSlhtojmI8G6tYpSNJLWUDtXzjJkagxGH380YiN2uYzOiwLqbRLTAIKunsOmYqRugiKLdX4GIjpr58s3PluVKHbqCABtq4Z8vyU1lEy0LQVYHdDUY-2Y/s1600/00-+Acremonium+sp+SAB+18d.jpg" width="392" /></a></div>
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<i> Acremonium species</i> -Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SAB) incubated at 30˚C for 18 days. <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">(Nikon)</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglGyB_IajGSBK72T2AZ1FG9Vv4KzKdWByrtKaEmzV_YTWBUQo3KnnOW8Xd2x9RhagrHDLs428LYxyqTl8xgejORH8-md1qOTh-8JSwGI1ryOZNp4wEotCzES6WvYfV2Bpx0KIIw5UYh90/s1600/01-+Acremonium+sp+SAB+21+Days.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="391" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglGyB_IajGSBK72T2AZ1FG9Vv4KzKdWByrtKaEmzV_YTWBUQo3KnnOW8Xd2x9RhagrHDLs428LYxyqTl8xgejORH8-md1qOTh-8JSwGI1ryOZNp4wEotCzES6WvYfV2Bpx0KIIw5UYh90/s1600/01-+Acremonium+sp+SAB+21+Days.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Acremonium species</i> -Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SAB) incubated at 30˚C for ~21 days. (Nikon)</div>
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<span style="color: #351c75;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">Note -On the Challenges of Plate Photography:</span></span> </b></span></div>
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This is the same species as above with a few more days of incubation. The reason I posted both these photos is to show the difficulty I have in expressing the true colour (and often texture) of the fungus even when grown on the same media and under identical conditions. The first photo was taken with the plate placed against a white background and the second against a black background.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBA5-4Yc_q5CB2gLUKOqYOTHdFoQccXYrwVwBjpXpVM_ULYhCpvMOHbPC2ED7GLvgbXnJhqENl-wZVCpZCkscSkU9feYryU-C2nMsyLJ5fDW0M-SUJQ6l51nXVv2v-LafZpvvne2VPKn4/s1600/02-+Acremonium+sp+SAB+21+Days+Rev.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBA5-4Yc_q5CB2gLUKOqYOTHdFoQccXYrwVwBjpXpVM_ULYhCpvMOHbPC2ED7GLvgbXnJhqENl-wZVCpZCkscSkU9feYryU-C2nMsyLJ5fDW0M-SUJQ6l51nXVv2v-LafZpvvne2VPKn4/s1600/02-+Acremonium+sp+SAB+21+Days+Rev.jpg" width="184" /></a></div>
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The other challenge is lighting. I take these photos for my own entertainment and education - for "fun" as the title of the blog states. The acute care lab I work out of is interested only in a quick and accurate identification of fungi in clinical specimens. Documentation by photography is not a concern and we have no professional set up for taking photographs. I have rigged up my own apparatus for use as a camera stand for use within a biological safety cabinet (BSC)<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank"> (see the post entitled 'Toys'</a>). Photography of macroscopic plates is confined to the BSC as the lab could quickly become contaminated with spores if fungal plates were to be examined outside of the BSC. Many fungi produce vast quantity of spores which can become airborne with only the slightest breeze.</div>
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I have little control over the lighting. I often take a large number of photos using both white and black backgrounds. I simply use a sheet of white paper which I have run through a photocopier without a "target". In other words, I leave the cover of the photocopier open and "copy the air" which results in a sheet of paper covered with back toner on one side but white on the back. I can flip this paper over to the black or white side as I wish and as the background paper may be contaminated with spores, I can discard it safely when finished.</div>
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I use the fluorescent tube lighting of the BSC itself, I have an incandescent source of lighting I can bring into the cabinet, and I can use the flash unit on the camera itself in order to manipulate lighting. Light coloured fungi often show more detail when on a dark background and dematiacious fungi (darkly pigmented) stand out better on white backgrounds - but not always! I try to avoid cast shadows. I also find that the flash often produces such glare and reflection off of the petrie dish and agar surface that it obscures the true nature of the organism. By taking a large number of photos on various backgrounds and with various combinations of the lighting I have available, I can usually find a photograph that reflects the true characteristics of the fungus I am attempting to document.</div>
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<span style="color: #351c75;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Microscopic Morphology:</span></b></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>
produces septate hyphae from which erect, unbranched and tapering phialides
extend.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Most phialides (but not
necessarily all) have a basal septum which delimits them from the hyphae
proper.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conidia are oblong (2–3 X 4–8
µm) are usually one-celled, however bicellular conidia may occur.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The conidia are produced and accumulate as
balls (rarely as chains) at the apices of the phialides but they are fragile
and easily disrupted.</div>
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<b>Phialide</b>: A specialized conidiogenous cell (conidiophore) that produces conidia in basipetal succession without increasing in length. <a href="http://www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au/virtual/glossary/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #351c75;">(Mycology Online)</span></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbCSCrnNmomJg4mngW3ILflM_odZEJmTBXsm90Zq7jyiVcGKys7sv4vOqCHLmklUO_VxBuzxdyQOi7ymdJK5c_-dVgUGCGptd3-agW1kMPa_jRoBPJ77MK2m6FbDPKAa8lg1bY8RvLBzA/s1600/03-+Acremonium_250x.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbCSCrnNmomJg4mngW3ILflM_odZEJmTBXsm90Zq7jyiVcGKys7sv4vOqCHLmklUO_VxBuzxdyQOi7ymdJK5c_-dVgUGCGptd3-agW1kMPa_jRoBPJ77MK2m6FbDPKAa8lg1bY8RvLBzA/s1600/03-+Acremonium_250x.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>
species - above is a little piece of agar which adhered to the slide culture microscope cover slip when removed from the agar block (See Post on Slide Cultures). From this little flake of agar you can see phialide extending outwards with little "balls" of conidia attached at their apices. (LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>, 250X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipnxRcNqUqVYQptKd6BFwC2KHJ0ZT2RoWBXiqRFtFJ6ABEh0_roCSvTWPiPUEYytMW8HWZSSvCwegvHviMZUkG3dR34k7VOLrpBpdX28sV_eOhOJixGP-ESwDdEMa7xS1wEOtafoUDScc/s1600/04-+Acremonium_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipnxRcNqUqVYQptKd6BFwC2KHJ0ZT2RoWBXiqRFtFJ6ABEh0_roCSvTWPiPUEYytMW8HWZSSvCwegvHviMZUkG3dR34k7VOLrpBpdX28sV_eOhOJixGP-ESwDdEMa7xS1wEOtafoUDScc/s1600/04-+Acremonium_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>
species - a collection of hypha run through the center of the photo from which you can see the phialide bearing conidia at their apices. This is like "micro-botany" with the fungi as tiny plants, the 'seeds' (conicia) at the tips of the stems. (LPCB, DMD-108, 400X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfCsQhh2fYzCbliiK3y2as-RAbvCGZq-rIy5roe0nRFqD3Ptc1yK7i3_Xyar54E3FFNKEV1ONBnkNJUzd80mLNjBgZprkYabg1gpS6VU-F4dSu-BDKAzQHtKI2Hs55bV3OiI1kKhUqqoE/s1600/05-+Acremonium_400+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfCsQhh2fYzCbliiK3y2as-RAbvCGZq-rIy5roe0nRFqD3Ptc1yK7i3_Xyar54E3FFNKEV1ONBnkNJUzd80mLNjBgZprkYabg1gpS6VU-F4dSu-BDKAzQHtKI2Hs55bV3OiI1kKhUqqoE/s1600/05-+Acremonium_400+10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>
species - As above but at a slightly higher magnification.</div>
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(LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>, 400+10X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhna4J_DioTtV99L772Jez4MKsMxaW9SPLCsuzOU0vGYD0JZ6m7opnzSCQYlD6EbZ79JFi6V18-nU4ePP3sSQ0SI8-YXKsE-ns1Rlr7wUcZSPOmTHqLjz_dNmxJMUHEMOA8b4EaUw3Wya8/s1600/05-+Acremonium_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhna4J_DioTtV99L772Jez4MKsMxaW9SPLCsuzOU0vGYD0JZ6m7opnzSCQYlD6EbZ79JFi6V18-nU4ePP3sSQ0SI8-YXKsE-ns1Rlr7wUcZSPOmTHqLjz_dNmxJMUHEMOA8b4EaUw3Wya8/s1600/05-+Acremonium_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>
species - the individual conidia can now be seen, gathered at the tapering tips of the phialides. (LPCB, DMD-108, 1000X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiCJxJT6OOtNdrgNbehr1Doe16CWoyhIWF267pVqyDevUJ1QhLPdcD4kqW2cd9WDKXiWSH-oMOEG3iCZc98tXNaZaV2zWAR_grWagcoGSRGjrakmXXzqtFOh7MX-S1G-c7IGPAt2cBv2s/s1600/06-+Acremonium_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiCJxJT6OOtNdrgNbehr1Doe16CWoyhIWF267pVqyDevUJ1QhLPdcD4kqW2cd9WDKXiWSH-oMOEG3iCZc98tXNaZaV2zWAR_grWagcoGSRGjrakmXXzqtFOh7MX-S1G-c7IGPAt2cBv2s/s1600/06-+Acremonium_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>
species - not the greatest shot but try to picture the three 'balls' of conidia siting at the top of the phialides which are extending upwards, towards you, the viewer. The phialides are blurred (out of focus) as they are out of the focal plane of the camera, lying beneath the balls of conidia, where they attach to the hyphae. (LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>, 1000X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5ZK_U-_Vo7UDQXutyMg-vMlqA4SVNM0Oq3MLIbw7B0HHUGnlw8hn1vir7iDPwPZkSaC5fA0oNgMLEeHiS4aHnSORywftfZ6rfCtFibdDJoc8M3GJGPr7VRYYdDF90zx0R-p1kG_81uzs/s1600/07-+Acremonium_1000+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5ZK_U-_Vo7UDQXutyMg-vMlqA4SVNM0Oq3MLIbw7B0HHUGnlw8hn1vir7iDPwPZkSaC5fA0oNgMLEeHiS4aHnSORywftfZ6rfCtFibdDJoc8M3GJGPr7VRYYdDF90zx0R-p1kG_81uzs/s1600/07-+Acremonium_1000+10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>
species - The same as above but viewed more from the side. The originating hyphae and tapering phialides are slightly out of the focal plane of the camera. The conidia that were produced at the apex of the phialide remains undisturbed as a ball around the top.</div>
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(LPCB, DMD-108, 1000_10X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIBAwsJDnZKnWQ0stw2uOb8_oqJgzwO9PfrzY6-8FOrsK4h2O7Y2Z0tTPYDFvABKdEM9K4J0J4PUt0cLCPIXpGoIkV8VwF23pQ-hDmmZTuNc2PAG-lJxRHr8AE5AeqG7ncb5w3c3sBRcs/s1600/08-+Acremonium_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIBAwsJDnZKnWQ0stw2uOb8_oqJgzwO9PfrzY6-8FOrsK4h2O7Y2Z0tTPYDFvABKdEM9K4J0J4PUt0cLCPIXpGoIkV8VwF23pQ-hDmmZTuNc2PAG-lJxRHr8AE5AeqG7ncb5w3c3sBRcs/s1600/08-+Acremonium_400X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>
species - The previous photos show the phialides and conidia almost in three-dimensions. In the photos that follow, they are lying fairly flat, making it easier to see the features.</div>
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(LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>, 400X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1l5mxHlANJ08DoTXGMfcCKgxDShxU6j26G-mWHTrjq_weUCW6nPqtq8puvz9qT2iiCNlpR7pezI9OKl-BQL9JFKBZWv-dm6ZWKHDzODr-sX3CQ3fq0BMoyoPZ8bLmegL9oOvm8FaENcI/s1600/09-+Acremonium_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1l5mxHlANJ08DoTXGMfcCKgxDShxU6j26G-mWHTrjq_weUCW6nPqtq8puvz9qT2iiCNlpR7pezI9OKl-BQL9JFKBZWv-dm6ZWKHDzODr-sX3CQ3fq0BMoyoPZ8bLmegL9oOvm8FaENcI/s1600/09-+Acremonium_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>
species - in the center of the photograph, there are two phialides, both with a collection of conidia at their apices, where they remain after being produced.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>, 1000X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4C1xXLH-ytdhtr_Yn9TK-A5zwTYDl-IT6ZWI2xEKdJW2b6hqHvs0NqdF9We7MRp45OcUTojlxT_bRdIgjZ7o6Pgf2z1J8GO3jjmw1320Lt63Kc_dvLoIblksXcSmzhMr59H9ne07N6ok/s1600/10-+Acremonium_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4C1xXLH-ytdhtr_Yn9TK-A5zwTYDl-IT6ZWI2xEKdJW2b6hqHvs0NqdF9We7MRp45OcUTojlxT_bRdIgjZ7o6Pgf2z1J8GO3jjmw1320Lt63Kc_dvLoIblksXcSmzhMr59H9ne07N6ok/s1600/10-+Acremonium_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>
species - another view of the tapering phialides extending from their parent hyphae where elongated, ellipsoidal conidia lay gathered.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(LPCB, DMD-108, 1000X)</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrtKZYj1W_aw_Sc0lOQRC-IB_hHrcxF82Nx_HSr2y2mVUNl6ZOEfHPeWILTJmcbX622GbFVsisULhdOsmbfz3LW1GVNkSurpSncAP44I3SAIX-KLRGosnvjbZCd-3Eij05OFszF1en2CQ/s1600/11-+Acremonium_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrtKZYj1W_aw_Sc0lOQRC-IB_hHrcxF82Nx_HSr2y2mVUNl6ZOEfHPeWILTJmcbX622GbFVsisULhdOsmbfz3LW1GVNkSurpSncAP44I3SAIX-KLRGosnvjbZCd-3Eij05OFszF1en2CQ/s1600/11-+Acremonium_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>
species - pretty much the same as in the above photo. The phialide at the very top of the photo appears to have produced only one conidium. Perhaps it is younger than the others.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>, 1000X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKfHj4oxQC2PZxt07RyelrR6hKJil4cn7JsfNVZIwTHhUDOu_AX4DmGt68RWxhPPePq0w7TuszD0BhSUyuxXvmdwnDJGzKEC3GkSsam-6xSEyyEpzgo01mnBaNQn-7LrBrDTi1XSmCgOk/s1600/12-+Acremonium_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKfHj4oxQC2PZxt07RyelrR6hKJil4cn7JsfNVZIwTHhUDOu_AX4DmGt68RWxhPPePq0w7TuszD0BhSUyuxXvmdwnDJGzKEC3GkSsam-6xSEyyEpzgo01mnBaNQn-7LrBrDTi1XSmCgOk/s1600/12-+Acremonium_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>
species - another photo of tapering phialides and the ellipsoidal conidia gathered around the apices. (LPCB, DMD-108, 1000X)</div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>
species - insert -one tapering phialide with individual conidia gathered at the apex.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>, 1000X)</div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>
species - Two phialides, side by side producing large quantities of conidia.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(LPCB, DMD-108, 1000+10X)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvagqvepdeNaP8UZoY3C_cp7I7FbaSlsRGilxtHf716ce75ob0gdcHH2hZu01mcdih-yz2KI9gT_8BrTgcPOCQn4XkMXD_NaevnYpPuNIhsMmPZ6jk5EGyjjW35ca6JEnc6O11kB9Dunc/s1600/15-+Acremonium_1000+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvagqvepdeNaP8UZoY3C_cp7I7FbaSlsRGilxtHf716ce75ob0gdcHH2hZu01mcdih-yz2KI9gT_8BrTgcPOCQn4XkMXD_NaevnYpPuNIhsMmPZ6jk5EGyjjW35ca6JEnc6O11kB9Dunc/s1600/15-+Acremonium_1000+10X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>
species - tapering phialide with single ellipsoidal conidia at the apex. A slight collarette can be seen remaining around the apex. Conida already produced almost seem to have fallen down and accumulated around the base of the phialide and hypha.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>, 1000+10X)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHJ1uhJ-ZcugI75t9OPsKajYQFVJ7dsg-Jcs8bAyvd-IfMv1cIPjDg9ABaKxrlHICodPDakb2-Jg_BTypFgy1FYReVZb009LaR2Df0RA2hwxcmKzHBZCV95S34EYClK8-5ymISVH8_fmY/s1600/16-+Acremonium_1000+10x.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHJ1uhJ-ZcugI75t9OPsKajYQFVJ7dsg-Jcs8bAyvd-IfMv1cIPjDg9ABaKxrlHICodPDakb2-Jg_BTypFgy1FYReVZb009LaR2Df0RA2hwxcmKzHBZCV95S34EYClK8-5ymISVH8_fmY/s1600/16-+Acremonium_1000+10x.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>
species - as previously -another view of the tapering phialides and the balls of conidia adhering to the apex of the phialides where they were produced.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(LPCB, DMD-108, 1000+10X)</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-tlRrBEf8TbdA-94uIZW3VwwVDBJeJBjql8Cl0MP-DgyLAZBqQ-I7z06GHBI4FzHvdYUSwmToVAIcrYnTCmwaS86r_j9KtlBA-SRgd5Ep7nMAFXRjE3VVyLdsUdw-NmRjx_3hIKQizm4/s1600/17-+Acremonium_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-tlRrBEf8TbdA-94uIZW3VwwVDBJeJBjql8Cl0MP-DgyLAZBqQ-I7z06GHBI4FzHvdYUSwmToVAIcrYnTCmwaS86r_j9KtlBA-SRgd5Ep7nMAFXRjE3VVyLdsUdw-NmRjx_3hIKQizm4/s1600/17-+Acremonium_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>
species - As previously.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>, 1000X)</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw0h9KzwLe2dfk3uGDTbvOy6t59AcM4m7Yx_o7nj1C1c4ChHhCH6bvhTDEYbsL8vnxnSVIp25u2cnb2cMHU4ElFhcCZ0KUajn8ncuhqGoKvK9I4vQ_r3G8GdIq6J998o9gCz_oTrk7mSA/s1600/18-+Acremonium_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw0h9KzwLe2dfk3uGDTbvOy6t59AcM4m7Yx_o7nj1C1c4ChHhCH6bvhTDEYbsL8vnxnSVIp25u2cnb2cMHU4ElFhcCZ0KUajn8ncuhqGoKvK9I4vQ_r3G8GdIq6J998o9gCz_oTrk7mSA/s1600/18-+Acremonium_1000X.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>
species - a few barren phialides can be seen and the large mass of dispersed, primarily single celled conidia seen throughout.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(LPCB, DMD-108, 1000X)</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i>
species may be confused with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Verticillium</i>
and some isolates of <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2012/06/fusarium-oxysporum.html" target="_blank"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fusarium</i></a> where
macroconidia are not present.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rate of
growth and colony morphology differs from that of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acremonium</i> species and may provide initial clues for
differentiation.<br />
<br />
See also <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2015/12/sarocladium-kiliense.html" target="_blank"><i>Sarocladium kiliense</i></a>, recently changed from<i> Acremonium kiliense</i>. </div>
<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a> <span class="hvr">Mycetoma,</span> or <span class="hvr">maduromycosis,</span> is a <span class="hvr">slow-growing</span> <span class="hvr">bacterial</span> or <span class="hvr">fungal</span> <span class="hvr">infection</span> <span class="hvr">focused</span>
in <span class="hvr">one</span> <span class="hvr">area</span> of <span class="hvr">the</span>
<span class="hvr">body,</span> <span class="hvr">usually</span> <span class="hvr">the</span>
<span class="hvr">foot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Approximately</span>
<span class="hvr">one</span> <span class="hvr">month</span> or <span class="hvr">more</span>
<span class="hvr">after</span> <span class="hvr">the</span> <span class="hvr">injury,</span>
a painless <span class="hvr">nodule</span> <span class="hvr">forms</span> <span class="hvr">under</span> <span class="hvr">the</span> <span class="hvr">skin</span> <span class="hvr">surface.</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The nodules
develop into a tumor which produces sinuses to drain fluid. <span class="hvr">The</span>
<span class="hvr">fluid</span> <span class="hvr">contains</span> <span class="hvr">tiny</span>
<span class="hvr">grains,</span> which may be a clue as to the type of organism
is causing the infection.</div>
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Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-232559626023094852015-02-23T10:26:00.001-05:002015-02-23T10:26:51.479-05:00Ochroconis species<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ochroconis</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> species</span></b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span>(Hyphomycete) Fungus</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">Ecology:</span></span></b></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ochroconis</i>
species are primarily soil saprobes <i>(live on decaying vegetative matter)</i>, found in the soil worldwide. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As of 2014, there are thirteen recognized
species of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ochroconis</i>.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pathology:</span></b></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ochroconis</i>
species have been recovered from central nervous system (CNS) infections as
well as pulmonary (lung) infections, from both immunocompromised and
immuocompetent hosts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In particular, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ochroconis gallopava</i> is considered to be
a neurotropic opportunist and proposals have been made to place this fungus
into a new genus, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Verruconis</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ochroconis</i>
species are considered to be mesophilic (preferring moderate temperatures)
however they can cause disease in several species of cold-blooded animals,
particularly fish such as coho salmon and rainbow trout.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ochroconis</i>
species are known to cause encephalitis in chickens, turkeys and other fowl.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Macroscopic Morphology:</span></b></span></div>
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The rate of growth is rather slow growing as measured by
the expanding colony but will mature to produce conidia usually within 5 days.</div>
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The texture is described as velvety to felt-like or
floccose.</div>
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The colony colour is usually a reddish-brown to chocolate
brown to a dark olive-grey.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The reverse
is a dark brown to black.</div>
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A red to brown pigment may diffuse into the medium.</div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXBK8mMc8xCB8zp_jDBWFpKIc-ZrMJ0sq-wQIaNCEwE6Nvym5mucI2zGVm39XgMnAcy6kEY2i_rq7QmdcgRtgWePSQU9P9kj5ucF4MokbTClGVBfCml_khyphenhyphenkLp7nZe9CySUMLs77p5qQk/s1600/01-+Ochroconis+spp+SAB+3wk_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXBK8mMc8xCB8zp_jDBWFpKIc-ZrMJ0sq-wQIaNCEwE6Nvym5mucI2zGVm39XgMnAcy6kEY2i_rq7QmdcgRtgWePSQU9P9kj5ucF4MokbTClGVBfCml_khyphenhyphenkLp7nZe9CySUMLs77p5qQk/s1600/01-+Ochroconis+spp+SAB+3wk_1.jpg" height="400" width="392" /></a></div>
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<i>Ochroconis</i> on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SAB) incubated at 30˚C for 3 weeks. (<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLWX9QvQV23qLtT6FU5i-bkvlk1TGU-mfbMONUWBfUWW3KwRU-Ai_jcg41SkJ-PRYNjQjQCYXA53hq9RcN02WN5Jq12yrIDdeh_5UC7-PyEUcc8gkNSt4gNrV1LkC3DWQpcINH-xjNl8E/s1600/02a-+Ochroconis+spp+SAB+3wk_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLWX9QvQV23qLtT6FU5i-bkvlk1TGU-mfbMONUWBfUWW3KwRU-Ai_jcg41SkJ-PRYNjQjQCYXA53hq9RcN02WN5Jq12yrIDdeh_5UC7-PyEUcc8gkNSt4gNrV1LkC3DWQpcINH-xjNl8E/s1600/02a-+Ochroconis+spp+SAB+3wk_2.jpg" height="391" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Ochroconis-</i> same organism as above but with different background and lighting to show variations in texture and pigment. SAB, 30˚C, 3 weeks. (Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7afINcQll3s8YI77waVkNTaiy10x1Rkq-YglXY-gHYnvieyXiGdb79e0TP1sEcwmO_ZS6Z_7ESlfDk6dkYQNaCsGhSSdd1nHyiMIsPh9djwTo7Q0VLqTWMy1twA7vy0nVx3NsPrrbYhI/s1600/03-+Ochronoconis+sp+SAB+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7afINcQll3s8YI77waVkNTaiy10x1Rkq-YglXY-gHYnvieyXiGdb79e0TP1sEcwmO_ZS6Z_7ESlfDk6dkYQNaCsGhSSdd1nHyiMIsPh9djwTo7Q0VLqTWMy1twA7vy0nVx3NsPrrbYhI/s1600/03-+Ochronoconis+sp+SAB+3.jpg" height="298" width="400" /> </a></div>
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<i>Ochroconis</i> on SAB - colony center rises off and above the agar surface resembling and inverted shallow bowl. Looked like a small hollow mountain! </div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b>Below, right</b></span> - shows the <span style="color: #674ea7;">Reverse</span> of the <i>Ochroconis</i> presented here. The lighter section which appears in the center of the larger colony is the area that has "cupped" and lifted off of the surface of the agar. (<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>) </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1f3k9tBlD3fFdqolf4OUf-CZAKpBSh8HIYFp5UcR0MDSHEAfwtb6UX8pdcg1HrL7GYAi6Y0zhhoMeP-iDPZQW3fLwEZ5IK8LNf3daaqDaJaQ0Eqt5OFGWhLhZFAwrxKUGn34rY0mJ8_U/s1600/02b-+Ochroconis+spp+SAB+Rev+3wk_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1f3k9tBlD3fFdqolf4OUf-CZAKpBSh8HIYFp5UcR0MDSHEAfwtb6UX8pdcg1HrL7GYAi6Y0zhhoMeP-iDPZQW3fLwEZ5IK8LNf3daaqDaJaQ0Eqt5OFGWhLhZFAwrxKUGn34rY0mJ8_U/s1600/02b-+Ochroconis+spp+SAB+Rev+3wk_2.jpg" height="200" width="192" /></a></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">Microscopic Morphology:</span></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1f3k9tBlD3fFdqolf4OUf-CZAKpBSh8HIYFp5UcR0MDSHEAfwtb6UX8pdcg1HrL7GYAi6Y0zhhoMeP-iDPZQW3fLwEZ5IK8LNf3daaqDaJaQ0Eqt5OFGWhLhZFAwrxKUGn34rY0mJ8_U/s1600/02b-+Ochroconis+spp+SAB+Rev+3wk_2.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ochroconis</i>
produces septate hyphae which are hyaline (clear) to pale brown in colour.</div>
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Conidiophores are also hyaline to pale brown. They arise erect
and unbranched from the hyphae and usually have a knobby or bent
appearance.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The conidiophores have apical
denticles in a sympodial arrangement from which the conidia have formed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conidia (2.5 – 4.5 µm X 11 – 18 µm) are
usually 2 to 4 celled, depending on the species.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Conidia are cylindrical to club shaped and
after detachment from the conidiophore (denticle), an inconspicuous frill may
remain on both the denticle and the conidium base.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeMMQPcJXfA_yBoz5_DHhFAdiDa_mGKd9OFhA3xJOBFEtdH_T8ZCsQYZL3x7qdY9F035BQny_FqzvIlnLlrsYzgtPExwr6MuBxYN6qAoRzm_lR_iRwIMFCfuZTvtp-fjsueo_AGFF5s5Q/s1600/04-+Ochroconis_250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeMMQPcJXfA_yBoz5_DHhFAdiDa_mGKd9OFhA3xJOBFEtdH_T8ZCsQYZL3x7qdY9F035BQny_FqzvIlnLlrsYzgtPExwr6MuBxYN6qAoRzm_lR_iRwIMFCfuZTvtp-fjsueo_AGFF5s5Q/s1600/04-+Ochroconis_250X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Ochroconis species</i> - edge of growth of slide culture as initially viewed at low magnification. Hyphae radiating out from point of inoculation after 1 week of incubation.</div>
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(LPCB, 250X, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm8JVtVOjz1wv5oQTa5oHaWeoPLhDK3W4WJARwUC7w_GOmoXJY4L3dt6gMin_zVFzoAJkk8RurePR5HEBwNUthKx9DQ5rXWfp6ARpYP9L2cmkMj59Bo9Rh5CQfhqdgoF4DmDslKjNpfwE/s1600/05-+Ochroconis_250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm8JVtVOjz1wv5oQTa5oHaWeoPLhDK3W4WJARwUC7w_GOmoXJY4L3dt6gMin_zVFzoAJkk8RurePR5HEBwNUthKx9DQ5rXWfp6ARpYP9L2cmkMj59Bo9Rh5CQfhqdgoF4DmDslKjNpfwE/s1600/05-+Ochroconis_250X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Ochroconis species</i> - Conidia extending from hyphae now become evident at this higher magnification. (LPCB, 250X, Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL2f75DtyuiG2PCjUVmyttEu4UWKJKsWdu8k0FI_WTelrbAkY8D7mLTM7UnzckR2oiuotLr0MkzWhZugefQwkg-D55hKNHhEeY8KhVmjmMmzp6GagU5zUErFHZNHZyS51P-QCLVeW6CUg/s1600/06-+Ochroconis_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL2f75DtyuiG2PCjUVmyttEu4UWKJKsWdu8k0FI_WTelrbAkY8D7mLTM7UnzckR2oiuotLr0MkzWhZugefQwkg-D55hKNHhEeY8KhVmjmMmzp6GagU5zUErFHZNHZyS51P-QCLVeW6CUg/s1600/06-+Ochroconis_400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Ochroconis species</i> - as we once more increase magnification individual conidia attached to phialides can be seen in more detail. (LPCB, 400X, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJhpkansxXxv0UfERliDu_ta_ksamb3yG2x_ag4LFEdT-ZOw-ZYxmi4pPPgbhf86UnErgHlI1DWSBcNfoUxPiWq6rtQcIUW7Cp9VF4tdj7JoT62iwIHI2HS3ODHgx2eY7FD0t6OSqlcmA/s1600/07-+Ochroconis_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJhpkansxXxv0UfERliDu_ta_ksamb3yG2x_ag4LFEdT-ZOw-ZYxmi4pPPgbhf86UnErgHlI1DWSBcNfoUxPiWq6rtQcIUW7Cp9VF4tdj7JoT62iwIHI2HS3ODHgx2eY7FD0t6OSqlcmA/s1600/07-+Ochroconis_400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Ochroconis species</i> - another view with conidia attached to their phialides. Brown pigmentation seen in lower right of photo. (LPCB, 400X, Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWvnmi-stTkAKWp8CyKsJDZ0emPU75U7BQ7zxke7bmYkBbkT4KTY3LiBSnEQ-9lB_dDzrKiIteCkTZiD-xNahyphenhyphenyzuVav770quGSOYDepl19lPBUYfiqzla5DnReF4JBZfSVDM882Hp3NE/s1600/08-+Ochroconis_500X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWvnmi-stTkAKWp8CyKsJDZ0emPU75U7BQ7zxke7bmYkBbkT4KTY3LiBSnEQ-9lB_dDzrKiIteCkTZiD-xNahyphenhyphenyzuVav770quGSOYDepl19lPBUYfiqzla5DnReF4JBZfSVDM882Hp3NE/s1600/08-+Ochroconis_500X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Ochroconis species</i> - one more view. Remember, the fungus grows in three dimensions and even here, within the space between a microscope slide and a cover slip, hyphae and phialides extend forward, into the photo and some backwards, out of the photo. It is for this reason that the photos often appear to be out of focus as only those features that lie relatively flat along the focal plane appear clearly in the picture. (LPCB, 500X, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWqbguosD86F0TVAQBN84ZYGK2WqlblVWT_SJHI74V_wzY8-KtkXXYEZMSBeStz0a-rirE1Uqv-e32EIPGXOw62TF8a1n31ndwGqW20JdAzf38CT_B9-G1ChCEr70Zj6je2xSCxLMvPm8/s1600/09-+Ochroconis_500X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWqbguosD86F0TVAQBN84ZYGK2WqlblVWT_SJHI74V_wzY8-KtkXXYEZMSBeStz0a-rirE1Uqv-e32EIPGXOw62TF8a1n31ndwGqW20JdAzf38CT_B9-G1ChCEr70Zj6je2xSCxLMvPm8/s1600/09-+Ochroconis_500X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Ochroconis species</i> - a massive ammount of conidia with the most mature to the right where the brown pigment is most evident. (LPCB, 500X, Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKeV-N2YFQN0ygKEmLMv9IMa8rrDGlZgRjR1P8MOa_gI_mSNqaA1savpg46eQqk_t9ZiMz2Agd-mE0CersMCwNK92Bfv1dXkAO9nXdRzODqhmTLczrN_DibEYYyhEDOySInHt8kbwYNvo/s1600/10-+Ochroconis_500X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKeV-N2YFQN0ygKEmLMv9IMa8rrDGlZgRjR1P8MOa_gI_mSNqaA1savpg46eQqk_t9ZiMz2Agd-mE0CersMCwNK92Bfv1dXkAO9nXdRzODqhmTLczrN_DibEYYyhEDOySInHt8kbwYNvo/s1600/10-+Ochroconis_500X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Ochroconis species</i> - edge of slide culture (as previous)</div>
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(LPCB, 500X, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig2R5HazyuvTasoziz426ZqfAspMzb4zbTZ2eAdKXDsmwMmQk3dJpiQHjhBCllz0IlCQFS1woGxNlKWcz6fGlJl9fckWNSk4N_qIOgsWw-dZBjNwA17zHqZZF50A0DG03ekND-8h5pF7k/s1600/11-+Ochroconis_500X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig2R5HazyuvTasoziz426ZqfAspMzb4zbTZ2eAdKXDsmwMmQk3dJpiQHjhBCllz0IlCQFS1woGxNlKWcz6fGlJl9fckWNSk4N_qIOgsWw-dZBjNwA17zHqZZF50A0DG03ekND-8h5pF7k/s1600/11-+Ochroconis_500X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Ochroconis species</i> - a hypha weaves its way from top center to bottom center of this photograph. Along its length you can see phialides with attached conidia. (LPCB, 500X, Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmdUAMaKAa0yIsIcYOEgzuTKmTaTJhmD12TxmULnfFkMRctStPxwl8b24gbvLvGyZVXWycYLkjpXebPQqwIb5Z0ZFAQ62QBGfyYKkl2YUVcyXT9aE_Q5j4T6i-uPBHIXS3Jv8ir0CAkp8/s1600/12-+Ochroconis_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmdUAMaKAa0yIsIcYOEgzuTKmTaTJhmD12TxmULnfFkMRctStPxwl8b24gbvLvGyZVXWycYLkjpXebPQqwIb5Z0ZFAQ62QBGfyYKkl2YUVcyXT9aE_Q5j4T6i-uPBHIXS3Jv8ir0CAkp8/s1600/12-+Ochroconis_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Ochroconis species</i> -a two-celled conidium is seen attached to a phialide that extends from the hypha. The conidium shows a slight constriction near the center.</div>
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(LPCB, 1000X, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh96TMOMMXPEDHf0OIa5BuEGsKxSyY-x_zWqm_WNOIjyTaeV1_T_chqIWIIZBX0ynLPP5TjkPec0uOD7cP__FZO1SAMp-qSRZCfw-hJmag6Tdy5AmsXZXRdUYpal9h6BygZRLg5vpRnbuU/s1600/13-+Ochroconis_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh96TMOMMXPEDHf0OIa5BuEGsKxSyY-x_zWqm_WNOIjyTaeV1_T_chqIWIIZBX0ynLPP5TjkPec0uOD7cP__FZO1SAMp-qSRZCfw-hJmag6Tdy5AmsXZXRdUYpal9h6BygZRLg5vpRnbuU/s1600/13-+Ochroconis_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Ochroconis species</i> -Numerous phialides with attached conidia shown here. Phialides seen bearing multiple conidia. Dark pigmentation is also evident as the colony ages. Most conidia are two-celled, some showing a slight constriction near their center, others (center) showing the furthest end of the conidium being larger than that nearest the phialide from which it originated. The arrow points to a phialide which has lost it's conidium -a slight scare remains. </div>
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(LPCB, 1000X, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC7xB7uajUKnv9x1LF9QD3e5R2UV5cNZwrB7-DWGF4TXr-QcIUNIk1-UBBcIVeJvWWiikN5NsZ5leCvv3YG5Xmk8M0ekTE09XwapaF068xqKsb9TfEE3IickITKSLCornmhsx1Ij_xrpA/s1600/14-+Ochroconis_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC7xB7uajUKnv9x1LF9QD3e5R2UV5cNZwrB7-DWGF4TXr-QcIUNIk1-UBBcIVeJvWWiikN5NsZ5leCvv3YG5Xmk8M0ekTE09XwapaF068xqKsb9TfEE3IickITKSLCornmhsx1Ij_xrpA/s1600/14-+Ochroconis_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Ochroconis species</i> -a mass of darkly pigmented, septate hyphae as well as a dark blue conidium seen near the left of the photo (LPCB, 1000X, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7dbUJ4qBV979VL2ETezU84b6SPNmxrjOlfAljp3XiAJRk9AmJaP2H74M0Me4AXjKqCb4VRyQFd65SSu6cxdQOBSW3ibPQWvS-bX34mgn-yJQsSvuDBz27Wdb5yGtJ03ZsTGHDxyA99eo/s1600/15-+Ochroconis_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7dbUJ4qBV979VL2ETezU84b6SPNmxrjOlfAljp3XiAJRk9AmJaP2H74M0Me4AXjKqCb4VRyQFd65SSu6cxdQOBSW3ibPQWvS-bX34mgn-yJQsSvuDBz27Wdb5yGtJ03ZsTGHDxyA99eo/s1600/15-+Ochroconis_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Ochroconis species</i> -Hyphae with phialides bearing conidia. Arrows point to phialies with multiple (two) conidia, the one on the left showing the scar remaining after the conidium has detatched.</div>
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(LPCB, 1000X, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiARgK0n2AVY2Hs9jpglyV8dVMrJAa7jg05v3VyWGLJ39BMjdu4x8flAmAACOEhx5YsN7uAgNzK-HXJuYfdQkL0aBSgJK1hbo87gP8oEfDs02hVhASzQ_OFHjfZwsyct3c5ECh-BadhNqI/s1600/16-+Ochroconis_1000+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiARgK0n2AVY2Hs9jpglyV8dVMrJAa7jg05v3VyWGLJ39BMjdu4x8flAmAACOEhx5YsN7uAgNzK-HXJuYfdQkL0aBSgJK1hbo87gP8oEfDs02hVhASzQ_OFHjfZwsyct3c5ECh-BadhNqI/s1600/16-+Ochroconis_1000+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Ochroconis species</i> -a three-celled conidium appears to be present along with the more numerous two-celled conidia. (LPCB, 1000+10X, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTVI-yDgFgUcikVRSad5SpivyEjihEcSqeQIMlq9Zrt1m5e_vbGcWkXEot_w3ep8SGUAWWoA-mxnrRGeo7ij0vTX1txPh4UGKRgJuR8LYhcHGhGZISBY_uP5ImBa_j0WX-_SX21dlmHhU/s1600/17-+Ochroconis_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTVI-yDgFgUcikVRSad5SpivyEjihEcSqeQIMlq9Zrt1m5e_vbGcWkXEot_w3ep8SGUAWWoA-mxnrRGeo7ij0vTX1txPh4UGKRgJuR8LYhcHGhGZISBY_uP5ImBa_j0WX-_SX21dlmHhU/s1600/17-+Ochroconis_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Ochroconis species</i> -center of photo, conidium attached to a long phialide.</div>
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(LPCB, 1000X, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpIuP0RAk3av_ynT7Gm-r5km92MHCSQb6T8FvwWpFwKA_RYSGHPKaeksoGAf1oV51B64Hk7-oVq58rMdj8iH_9iKHk42CVAogA0RrPDGq0349CDVr27AT1gy9VMKY7wymITKNwFmP-he0/s1600/18-+Ochroconis_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpIuP0RAk3av_ynT7Gm-r5km92MHCSQb6T8FvwWpFwKA_RYSGHPKaeksoGAf1oV51B64Hk7-oVq58rMdj8iH_9iKHk42CVAogA0RrPDGq0349CDVr27AT1gy9VMKY7wymITKNwFmP-he0/s1600/18-+Ochroconis_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Ochroconis species</i> -Nice photo of a phialide bearing two conidia attached to the parent hypha.</div>
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(LPCB, 100X, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjperF3HQfR_KFuICFUfYQMDUCu4qq-FuqiHmehyRELjM3ltgll9QvC-yuIg_w7oCMbq-FEg-0Bpnl8Q6O85wjuNSmVOKGdaB4r5OS3t1VucTuO4_MvP1fIk1TWmqY_9cMk_TqFLDeCII8/s1600/19-+Ochroconis_1000+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjperF3HQfR_KFuICFUfYQMDUCu4qq-FuqiHmehyRELjM3ltgll9QvC-yuIg_w7oCMbq-FEg-0Bpnl8Q6O85wjuNSmVOKGdaB4r5OS3t1VucTuO4_MvP1fIk1TWmqY_9cMk_TqFLDeCII8/s1600/19-+Ochroconis_1000+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Ochroconis species</i> -yet another photo showing much the same. Phialides bearing multiple conidia with the arrows showing the ragged attachment points which remain after the conida have detatched.</div>
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(LPCB, 1000+10X, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSYH_TkK8d56pAK98wic9TGSjCWSGharP4ChKwnwYwwQQtzNMEEW4D29_z7lcrEdqiSHv92GEPouCqwiP_z4hRsjIOFLtIm-a5M0_kcriiEqB-iGbVTVXxuFsDTrXqsJ2TQ1Uz94FgGT8/s1600/20-+Ochroconis_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSYH_TkK8d56pAK98wic9TGSjCWSGharP4ChKwnwYwwQQtzNMEEW4D29_z7lcrEdqiSHv92GEPouCqwiP_z4hRsjIOFLtIm-a5M0_kcriiEqB-iGbVTVXxuFsDTrXqsJ2TQ1Uz94FgGT8/s1600/20-+Ochroconis_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Ochroconis species</i> -septation within the hyphae are clearly visible as is the developing brown pigmentation. Tree Conidia still attached to their brownish pigmented phialides which extend from the hyphae. Near center, one phialide is seen with a detached conidium nearby.</div>
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(LPCB, 1000X, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7h3Bik0kWNh0jdPe-p0VNoNBdNkQfP_7WZkE27tnkccOOWG_46V6NgTAvDzKCj8w1ZDM_CDZ57OMVv-Or_sPMfKXRzy-PudhRiqNlyNmen04C7O8KROD_CZDb8APIDvdB9alTBbPwDJo/s1600/21-+Ochroconis_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7h3Bik0kWNh0jdPe-p0VNoNBdNkQfP_7WZkE27tnkccOOWG_46V6NgTAvDzKCj8w1ZDM_CDZ57OMVv-Or_sPMfKXRzy-PudhRiqNlyNmen04C7O8KROD_CZDb8APIDvdB9alTBbPwDJo/s1600/21-+Ochroconis_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Ochroconis species</i> -Aging phialides & conidia. Brown phialide in center of photo has a thinner denticle at it's apex to which the conidium is attatched.</div>
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(LPCB, 1000X, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVyhDihTT_PWSzMkKCy8m0EPQWTqColf1l7ZCxMXLvBL9sKHlJM0RGLNBgrfwrYRkuFSItz43uR-NH8alxOft1ZIhNLOkLFglfiHuL5yn5jT6ujIKjBD48rM9ZC_MfoddepUyvaQKXfw4/s1600/22-+Ochroconis_1000+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVyhDihTT_PWSzMkKCy8m0EPQWTqColf1l7ZCxMXLvBL9sKHlJM0RGLNBgrfwrYRkuFSItz43uR-NH8alxOft1ZIhNLOkLFglfiHuL5yn5jT6ujIKjBD48rM9ZC_MfoddepUyvaQKXfw4/s1600/22-+Ochroconis_1000+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Ochroconis species</i> -again, septations in hyphae are clearly evident. Conidium near center of photo appears to be supported by a bent denticle. (LPCB, 1000+10X, DMD-108)</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Ochroconis species</i> -conidium at apex attached to phialide by a short denticle.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(LPCB, 1000X, DMD-108)</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Ochroconis species</i> - Seen more clearly here, the two-celled conidium is attached to the phialide via a somewhat wavy denticle. The phialide, in turn is attached to the hypha from which it originated.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(LPCB, 1000+10X, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Ochroconis species</i> - Here we are looking at the conidium 'head-on' so it appears spherical. The conidium is attatched to the hypha by this darkly pigment, and apparently degenerating, phialide-denticle structure. (LPCB, 1000+10X, DMD-108)</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Ochroconis species</i> - Almost done here. A phialide bearing two conidia.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(LPCB, 1000+10X, DMD-108)</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Ochroconis species</i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(LPCB, 1000+10X, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)<i> </i></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<i><i>Ochroconis species</i> - </i>Phialide bearing multiple conidia.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(LPCB, 1000+10X, DMD-108) </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Physiology:</span></b></span></div>
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Growth is inhibited by cycloheximide.<br />
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I'm uncertain as to which specific species I have pictured in this blog as the conidia occasionally show more than 2 cells and can be constricted in the center. The majority of the conidia from the isolate presented here are two-celled and rather ellipsoidal or cylindrical in shape<br />
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Differentiation of the more
common species:</span></b></span></div>
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Conidia usually 4-celled<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>= <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ochroconis tshawytschae</i></div>
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Conidia usually 2-celled =<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Ochroconis gallopava</i><span style="color: #9966ff;"></span></div>
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Conidia distinctly clavate (club-shaped), with the upper
cell wider than the basal cell = <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ochroconis
humicola</i></div>
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Conidia broadly ellipsoidal and constricted at the septum
= <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ochroconis constricta</i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ochroconis
constricta</i> is not known to be pathogenic</div>
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A new genus <i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Verruconis</span></i> is
proposed for the neurotropic opportunist <i><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ochroconis gallopava</span></i>.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><i><b>Return to top (Most Recent Posts)</b></i></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;">* * * </span></span></b></div>
</div>
<br />Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-46763121439121569002015-01-24T12:02:00.001-05:002015-01-24T12:03:17.070-05:00Aureobasidium pullans<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Aureobasidium pullans</i></b></span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>(Hyphomycetes)
–Black yeasts</div>
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<b><span style="color: #674ea7;">Happy New Years, 2015 - Another post with far too many photos....</span> </b></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ecology:</span></b></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Aureobasidium
pullans’</i> preferred habitat is on the aerial portions of plants,
particularly the leaves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It may reside
there as a saprobe <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(lives on dead organic
matter)</i> but may be a phytopathogen on susceptible species of plants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is a cosmopolitan fungus <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(found just about everywhere)</i> but
prefers temperate zones.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It may be
isolated from humid indoor environments such as, foodstuffs, textiles, shower
curtains and soil.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A.pullans </i>may be found as a laboratory contaminant.</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pathogenicity:</span></b></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A.pullans</i>
appears to be opportunistic, with systemic infection often the result of
traumatic implantation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has been
implicated in peritonitis and pulmonary infections.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It may rarely be the cause of keratitis or
cutaneous infections.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5gtI9-QSyDFaupst5q0EOZxuE8Qf2o9JXZzpOMny1RSm7-k8Jg8kyv7LqWjPj7Kmw28__w7h0rYgjyZWxaWdyw56yA9XZJ1w35-s_090FQQnekz5euKmq-RSol55cEKK9FicMGzAvutM/s1600/02-+Aureobasidium+pullans+SAB+3Wks+(Rev).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5gtI9-QSyDFaupst5q0EOZxuE8Qf2o9JXZzpOMny1RSm7-k8Jg8kyv7LqWjPj7Kmw28__w7h0rYgjyZWxaWdyw56yA9XZJ1w35-s_090FQQnekz5euKmq-RSol55cEKK9FicMGzAvutM/s1600/02-+Aureobasidium+pullans+SAB+3Wks+(Rev).jpg" height="200" width="171" /></a> </div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Macroscopic Morphology:</span></b></span></div>
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Most sources describe the rate of growth as “rapid”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Structures in the photographs below do
develop rapidly (3-5 days), however the colony itself expands at a moderate
rate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Initially the colony appears
white, cream or pinkish in colour but then adds shades of brown, grey and black
as it ages <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(due to the development of
chlamydoconidia).</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The colony may
have a white or slightly greyish fringe along the expanding edge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The texture is moist or creamy, glistening
under reflected light.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The reverse is
pale in colour but becomes dark as the colony matures.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSExKVXcYE3shAqWE9NG0UeF70kVY8JuS8szifLloAwWCBMbEaXBfNAPBq2geosvEYzPlGeCoiq-om5HjFdzjR13Omv03nwtMx_jC2oTyZmjdjDxsyNon1-WiaIWX0cOgGjXrWhsDdR1I/s1600/01-+Aureobasidium+pullans+3wks+SAB.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSExKVXcYE3shAqWE9NG0UeF70kVY8JuS8szifLloAwWCBMbEaXBfNAPBq2geosvEYzPlGeCoiq-om5HjFdzjR13Omv03nwtMx_jC2oTyZmjdjDxsyNon1-WiaIWX0cOgGjXrWhsDdR1I/s1600/01-+Aureobasidium+pullans+3wks+SAB.jpg" height="400" width="391" /></a></div>
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<i>Aureobasidium pullans</i> on SAB media after 3 weeks incubation at<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> 30<sup>o</sup>C (Nikon)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfBOEBofHh-VBc5hjXHzUDUmqKDV55F87hm3r9VdmbIt1utl3cb44mFYx40BvAoUXxd3JXC3T2Xfazb4QUWA2e-2NqDy2w5yUj64nIjwJgiAS03OIVIhiUoNEt7zfsNlP5puDuZlB4HIo/s1600/03-+Aureobasidium_pullans_SAB_Growth.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfBOEBofHh-VBc5hjXHzUDUmqKDV55F87hm3r9VdmbIt1utl3cb44mFYx40BvAoUXxd3JXC3T2Xfazb4QUWA2e-2NqDy2w5yUj64nIjwJgiAS03OIVIhiUoNEt7zfsNlP5puDuZlB4HIo/s1600/03-+Aureobasidium_pullans_SAB_Growth.jpg" height="166" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></span><i>Aureobasidium pullans</i> on SAB -progression of growth at <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">30<sup>o</sup>C. Most sources state that Aureobasidium pullans is a rapid grower. The colony may mature fairly rapidly but expansion of the colony is more moderate. (Nikon)</span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Microscopic Morphology:</span></b></span></div>
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Young colonies appear yeast-like, consisting of
unicellular, budding cells.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the
colony ages, two types of vegetative hyphae (3 – 12 µm dia.) appear to be produced.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first are described as thin walled, hyaline
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(clear)</i> hyphae which produce
blastoconidia <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(also hyaline)</i>
synchronously in tufts (ie. simultaneously, from poorly differentiated
conidiogenous cells along the length.) </div>
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Blastoconidia (3 – 6 X 6 – 12 µm) are described as oval
to ellipsoidal but can vary in size and shape</div>
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The second type of hyphae appears to have a thicker wall
and is dematiaceous (darkly pigmented) which develop into brown coloured
arthroconidia and chlamydoconidia. Sources seem to be unclear as to whether
these two hyphal forms are truly different or simply different stages of
development.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I found that both forms
appear to be present as the colony matured.</div>
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Sources also state that endoconidia may be present within
intercalary cells but were not observed in the isolate presented here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perhaps the development of endoconidia is
media dependent.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh81gnFSf4vXLjDRuEvPs_mjVu7EznsWUGagDITn5tWLAsYE3IErCelRpG8HNUU98Z3SlKwUhjDKv4-sNK-_2GJ2v5JWnpg18gqnWopoqJ8QzU2TSdYpB0xUIhlNXgUjEuN0KCfFzQiT1k/s1600/Microscope+w.+stage+removed.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh81gnFSf4vXLjDRuEvPs_mjVu7EznsWUGagDITn5tWLAsYE3IErCelRpG8HNUU98Z3SlKwUhjDKv4-sNK-_2GJ2v5JWnpg18gqnWopoqJ8QzU2TSdYpB0xUIhlNXgUjEuN0KCfFzQiT1k/s200/Microscope+w.+stage+removed.jpg" height="149" width="200" /></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Two techniques seem to be necessary to best view the structures of <i>Aureobasidium pullans</i>. I found that just using the <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2012/06/adhesive-tape-preparation-for.html" target="_blank">adhesive tape technique</a> or the <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2011/11/slide-culture-technique.html" target="_blank">slide culture technique</a> to view the structures, failed to capture where the blastoconidia were being produced. The microscopic fields were abundantly full of blastoconidia, however they were all free and how they originated was not at all obvious. <b><span style="color: orange;">The Dalmau plate method</span></b>, described below was also used. I used this technique on a previous post to view various <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2014/08/trichosporon-species.html" target="_blank"><i>Trichosporon</i> species. </a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The </span>Dalmau plate method can be employed to view the blastoconidia 'in-situ'. What is shown below is a Corn Meal Agar (CMA) plate inoculated with <i>Aureobasidium</i> by simply scratching it into the surface and then covering it with a coverslip. The coverslip simply aids in focusing and prevents the objective to be contaminated by inadvertently lowering it into the inoculated agar. After appropriate incubation, the petrie dish can be placed on a microscope stage (remove plate lid & stage slide holder) and viewed under low power. The hyphae growing out from the center of inoculation are virtually undisturbed and should now show the blastoconidia growing synchronously in tufts from poorly differentiated
conidiogenous cells along the length, as already described in the previous paragraph. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6OZxwtAoU8juEW-OYuo8i_r0Uoj7SXqqR1bXVYQJTHfB7mvq5z3PyRPThcur6TXLFpc-b2GQ9VKniSryVnkdthmyYQQ-ZpwupVNWU0iASlWgbGAQKVrbZ14OWc51nAG9zfKiRkUAb85A/s1600/04-+A_pullans+CMA+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6OZxwtAoU8juEW-OYuo8i_r0Uoj7SXqqR1bXVYQJTHfB7mvq5z3PyRPThcur6TXLFpc-b2GQ9VKniSryVnkdthmyYQQ-ZpwupVNWU0iASlWgbGAQKVrbZ14OWc51nAG9zfKiRkUAb85A/s1600/04-+A_pullans+CMA+2.jpg" height="342" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Aureobasidium pullans</i> on CMA after 72 hours incubation at <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">30<sup>o</sup>C. <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">(Nikon)</a></span></div>
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Here is the technique described above, which I used for the next five photographs. Fungi, primarily being aerobic organisms can be seen growing out from the coverslip where the oxygen tension is lower. As the colony expands on this less nutritious Corn Meal Agar plate, the blastoconida can be seen having been produced in tufts along the length of the hyphae. When focusing the low power objective (100X or 250X) on the edge of the growth, the inserted photo is what appears (purple arrow). The following 4 photos were taken from this plate.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1LWvev6PL7tfSlc3rjqQ3y2Xly_UbGZroxp53jKZ-NhDS4kY4K2sQCNVr7mOpXKyaMHkpNmNHk2yQYv3gWNk2Rn85-ba4x_r0VmFPZoqEOE6reEfeb7Ffh1LyL2KRwjwqmIiWfCv35-w/s1600/05-+Aureobasidium_blastospores_100X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1LWvev6PL7tfSlc3rjqQ3y2Xly_UbGZroxp53jKZ-NhDS4kY4K2sQCNVr7mOpXKyaMHkpNmNHk2yQYv3gWNk2Rn85-ba4x_r0VmFPZoqEOE6reEfeb7Ffh1LyL2KRwjwqmIiWfCv35-w/s1600/05-+Aureobasidium_blastospores_100X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Aureobasidium pullans</i> on CMA -hyaline hyphae bearing blastoconidia growing out from central inoculation point. (100X, Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi136Ln-4fcVe6wWk95BLa2NayZOZ7bTA40TI-96XdfWacRSd28w8CghLFjHjKBLZrdSPYpo7bwJvIJrNIgeB1M0Y6x52UvUWrih2CaSfTHBWg8ODJ6B2Hq5QeDRhWNWyeccM-yoSJpPJ4/s1600/06-Aureubasidium_blastospores_250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi136Ln-4fcVe6wWk95BLa2NayZOZ7bTA40TI-96XdfWacRSd28w8CghLFjHjKBLZrdSPYpo7bwJvIJrNIgeB1M0Y6x52UvUWrih2CaSfTHBWg8ODJ6B2Hq5QeDRhWNWyeccM-yoSJpPJ4/s1600/06-Aureubasidium_blastospores_250X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Aureobasidium pullans</i> on CMA -at slightly higher magnification, the somewhat oval blastoconidia are evident. (250X, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFZHGe8LduImo5TdthXzprLmOE7Q99wp35VxTde1wa2xp3q59ZmNPxlgqbIbs06N7aYgZf7Tzk1xsiu828ggGPLfR9lEnDMKSLxo2CT9k5ZuCUhQWw-qc72iwsQwj6-2HMdABVeE5uhE0/s1600/07-Aureobasidium_blastospores_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFZHGe8LduImo5TdthXzprLmOE7Q99wp35VxTde1wa2xp3q59ZmNPxlgqbIbs06N7aYgZf7Tzk1xsiu828ggGPLfR9lEnDMKSLxo2CT9k5ZuCUhQWw-qc72iwsQwj6-2HMdABVeE5uhE0/s1600/07-Aureobasidium_blastospores_400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Aureobasidium pullans</i> on CMA -at still higher magnification, the somewhat oval blastoconidia are seen growing singly and in tufts along the length of the septate, hyaline hypha.</div>
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(400X, Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1trDoaDLimhXWOyTFz5U5HA-O10q_57fpQmsrAu_6cz_bVM-uUbE8SMkDkFcOQVAhtdZE6k5L1HWsux1uT3kB8G9sEc2a3FS59zfPLsXTHHjBAG0fAzfJhxGL-RBMAQ6uVlNwBtRfGrU/s1600/09-+Aureobasidium_blastospores_250X.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1trDoaDLimhXWOyTFz5U5HA-O10q_57fpQmsrAu_6cz_bVM-uUbE8SMkDkFcOQVAhtdZE6k5L1HWsux1uT3kB8G9sEc2a3FS59zfPLsXTHHjBAG0fAzfJhxGL-RBMAQ6uVlNwBtRfGrU/s1600/09-+Aureobasidium_blastospores_250X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Aureobasidium pullans</i> on CMA -after additional incubation (~1 week), tufts of blastoconidia can be seen along the length of the hypha.</div>
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(250X, Nikon)</div>
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The following photos are taken from slide cultures of <i>Aureobasidium pullans</i> after the stated incubation times. The adhesive tape techique can be used but as the fungus has a yeast-like texture, pressure may just "squash" the structures rather than preserve them by adhering to the tape.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXHqjcbQ3e07SyoZUru_ZLmlfthFiDyNVihYdGiAUv5jExYSt632LDcKYXnR3uAF_saFfrGAqQ_eJeqxFvPMmlu_iT9r6x58IcY2r1ESIU_KPBHR8yhQKOSzhfPeFVHlSAeqKwP_KL9m8/s1600/10-+Aureobasidium+pullans_36Hrs_250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXHqjcbQ3e07SyoZUru_ZLmlfthFiDyNVihYdGiAUv5jExYSt632LDcKYXnR3uAF_saFfrGAqQ_eJeqxFvPMmlu_iT9r6x58IcY2r1ESIU_KPBHR8yhQKOSzhfPeFVHlSAeqKwP_KL9m8/s1600/10-+Aureobasidium+pullans_36Hrs_250X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Aureobasidium pullans -</i> I just found this to be a cute photo. A small piece of agar adhered to the glass cover slip when removed. Hyphae can be seen growing out from the dematiaceous center</div>
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(100X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4qkkNziEU2k3VlvYQrGI5xcnHMVv9I9aD0UDxdaJuzB5n5SLccsAtKVhtd1JUZm6ZbP0C0p0gftLKSw-gX9YNq47n2yS6RVLa65jfrG930BWtBr5P6GDKSUS3LBb4tnqJCJNg3tZwBxk/s1600/12-+Aureobasidium+pullans_250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4qkkNziEU2k3VlvYQrGI5xcnHMVv9I9aD0UDxdaJuzB5n5SLccsAtKVhtd1JUZm6ZbP0C0p0gftLKSw-gX9YNq47n2yS6RVLa65jfrG930BWtBr5P6GDKSUS3LBb4tnqJCJNg3tZwBxk/s1600/12-+Aureobasidium+pullans_250X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Aureobasidium pullans -</i>the growth at the edge of a slide culture adhering to the cover slip.<i> </i>A mass of blue stained blastoconidia can be seen from which the hyphae are extending towards the top of the photo. Some hyphae are already becoming darkly pigmented.</div>
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(250X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtSaYbWVLynnPPI-O6bblSrmbRb94BcXJyfu1u7cFMW2bUSvY5bmW6V4GB9VEWDMTCs_-Q8_e4q8ZH6UgtBo0UuekiEB0bAOIWaNxyST42Gl1kKRzzw4ZDdhxKHD3pi9JdoG-5F7qJQjs/s1600/13-+Aureobasidium+pullans_36Hrs_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtSaYbWVLynnPPI-O6bblSrmbRb94BcXJyfu1u7cFMW2bUSvY5bmW6V4GB9VEWDMTCs_-Q8_e4q8ZH6UgtBo0UuekiEB0bAOIWaNxyST42Gl1kKRzzw4ZDdhxKHD3pi9JdoG-5F7qJQjs/s1600/13-+Aureobasidium+pullans_36Hrs_400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Aureobasidium pullans -</i>at higher magnification, a large mass of blue stained yeast-like cells are seen in the upper portion of the photograph. Sources speak of "yeast-like cells" and "blastoconidia" but fail to clarify if these are in fact, the same. I fail to see distinctions that would make these different.</div>
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Also seen in this photograph is a hyaline, septate hypha which already appears to be developing into arthroconidia at the far left end. (400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdTPkgjtkIU8W0oCTdOayKDo0ZJCxKGVxJ8eLcLRYkqFE9JwwFeN_ajw_yT1S0VC_3QzPprn2iZscqdQVYdWa8-RahzL3Q307EzjuKBByPgRZf7tsSUPxApm-nnB3HMKdYMI-YOsIWxgo/s1600/14-+Aureobasidium+pullans_36Hrs_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdTPkgjtkIU8W0oCTdOayKDo0ZJCxKGVxJ8eLcLRYkqFE9JwwFeN_ajw_yT1S0VC_3QzPprn2iZscqdQVYdWa8-RahzL3Q307EzjuKBByPgRZf7tsSUPxApm-nnB3HMKdYMI-YOsIWxgo/s1600/14-+Aureobasidium+pullans_36Hrs_400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Aureobasidium pullans - </i>As above, hyphae being produced and reaching out from central mass of yeast-like cells. A few dematiaceous (darkly pigmented) hyphae also are present towards center-right of the photo. (400X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkNFoXF2cTpnQ5ojhn34TCBiAxqbWjRhCwC1nSrYNi26d4ZwmES0UzeN_mS6JdOm8k-MmuFBQ2hRHJURTNFqDHNJks7JqWgsLOiKV0WXyV4u62SB1snyj19SpJQBye5PMyy-wm1TEXRpU/s1600/15-+Aureobasidium+pullans_36Hrs_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkNFoXF2cTpnQ5ojhn34TCBiAxqbWjRhCwC1nSrYNi26d4ZwmES0UzeN_mS6JdOm8k-MmuFBQ2hRHJURTNFqDHNJks7JqWgsLOiKV0WXyV4u62SB1snyj19SpJQBye5PMyy-wm1TEXRpU/s1600/15-+Aureobasidium+pullans_36Hrs_400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Aureobasidium pullans - </i>as above.</div>
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(400X, LPCB, DMD-08)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIVvxFmFIaQvmozTe46Q6pv45a8ADOcA0UxaitPtuR0QJ5e7L-IYlVxoirUIF2TaEja-4Xmk7RGnHxZ6wlF_c_hyG8xxbhUc01K6FDKG60q9yzm8y9MkIOoqcexWOHWF55AhdH3da87uE/s1600/16-+Aureobasidium+pullans_48Hrs_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIVvxFmFIaQvmozTe46Q6pv45a8ADOcA0UxaitPtuR0QJ5e7L-IYlVxoirUIF2TaEja-4Xmk7RGnHxZ6wlF_c_hyG8xxbhUc01K6FDKG60q9yzm8y9MkIOoqcexWOHWF55AhdH3da87uE/s1600/16-+Aureobasidium+pullans_48Hrs_400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Aureobasidium pullans</i> - again, as with the previous descriptions but here at the top of the screen there appears to be two type of 'single' cells, with the smaller lighter blue as the yeast-like cells and the darker, larger and somewhat oval cells still clinging to the hyphae being the blastoconidia.</div>
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(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ94K4ZcjxqpmopIUu5tMAOR4-r2Yg4MzkqhzN5o6PfgT83DWgLz27gcSueZbyEG2bN0k-NvlfLbru281UZ8lGL7zm2uGKbDN3XFZjg3cpDiyLcpLpOoLdS_Ngt4YdZwaKoqlOAMEwpOU/s1600/17-+Aureobasidium+pullans_48Hrs_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZ94K4ZcjxqpmopIUu5tMAOR4-r2Yg4MzkqhzN5o6PfgT83DWgLz27gcSueZbyEG2bN0k-NvlfLbru281UZ8lGL7zm2uGKbDN3XFZjg3cpDiyLcpLpOoLdS_Ngt4YdZwaKoqlOAMEwpOU/s1600/17-+Aureobasidium+pullans_48Hrs_400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Aureobasidium pullans - </i>hyphae breaking up into individual arthrospores.</div>
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(400X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoqmyoW6XmuExbtBKL6WxhVfMcfnATgJrv325lJo8r_omBoU97AlrPAIcup93IeVEGhNhiWG4HGQmfRGk8dLWtyh614QDeiB0-YWf4YPIt-CfEqoUjC7vK_tkW0RRSXG5zPDkzTajSCgQ/s1600/18-+Aureobasidium+pullans_72hr_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoqmyoW6XmuExbtBKL6WxhVfMcfnATgJrv325lJo8r_omBoU97AlrPAIcup93IeVEGhNhiWG4HGQmfRGk8dLWtyh614QDeiB0-YWf4YPIt-CfEqoUjC7vK_tkW0RRSXG5zPDkzTajSCgQ/s1600/18-+Aureobasidium+pullans_72hr_400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Aureobasidium pullans -</i> indivdual<i> </i>conidia remain at the bottom of the photograph while hyphae are becoming darkly pigmented. Development of arthroconidia and chlamydoconidia is evident along the hyphae. (400X, LPCB, DMD-108) </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCJwAGDf5D7Ms745dg_A4j9i8ZBI9LbuMquRv-sPEOzLYGlMexJ5eppXYhK6rnMtoxSOlbf74SRET18m0x0cQrauz_oDoJRw8Uw6WahBv65nPHMTpEmKVFvAscHdA7N271-dtPZERB5kE/s1600/20-+Aureobasidium+pullans_72Hr_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCJwAGDf5D7Ms745dg_A4j9i8ZBI9LbuMquRv-sPEOzLYGlMexJ5eppXYhK6rnMtoxSOlbf74SRET18m0x0cQrauz_oDoJRw8Uw6WahBv65nPHMTpEmKVFvAscHdA7N271-dtPZERB5kE/s1600/20-+Aureobasidium+pullans_72Hr_400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Aureobasidium pullans - </i>the organism appears to take on some bizarre shapes with the darkly pigmented chlamydoconidia and more box-car shaped arthroconidia now developing at about 72 hours if incubation. </div>
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(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWTsIV6pUjTr_S8jL1XNbm-Wy93IVm_tKjK1XwncLMOE34cr1VQhSu96cO5HI5pOJ5nk6XG3gLMLjvDt75Ik5KRE9L52RGg1FFs6_jyupOKX9QUBBYVK3j3pw2m_-mV1zDGGSbrsadkPw/s1600/21-+Aureobasidium+pullans_4d_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWTsIV6pUjTr_S8jL1XNbm-Wy93IVm_tKjK1XwncLMOE34cr1VQhSu96cO5HI5pOJ5nk6XG3gLMLjvDt75Ik5KRE9L52RGg1FFs6_jyupOKX9QUBBYVK3j3pw2m_-mV1zDGGSbrsadkPw/s1600/21-+Aureobasidium+pullans_4d_400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Aureobasidium pullans - </i>loose oval-shaped blastoconidia with dematiaceous hyphae and formation of chlamydoconidia</div>
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(400X, LPCB. DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1dSAv2sHl3xw7dn1aSxLyq-qood_R68mquijmBaEyvQ0rgR4-GWe9kA-U6CfftSlQFJ0sBo70mITVVsKDnN26tVsqtoV6ge0ce1muS5c_XaxhifYyhymLlhabOdcDDQmUTyDrbZjTd-w/s1600/22-+Aureobasidium+pullans_4d_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1dSAv2sHl3xw7dn1aSxLyq-qood_R68mquijmBaEyvQ0rgR4-GWe9kA-U6CfftSlQFJ0sBo70mITVVsKDnN26tVsqtoV6ge0ce1muS5c_XaxhifYyhymLlhabOdcDDQmUTyDrbZjTd-w/s1600/22-+Aureobasidium+pullans_4d_400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Aureobasidium pullans - </i>blue stained blastoconidia with dematiaceous chains of chlamydoconidia and arthroconidia.</div>
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(400X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMuGMsbSRyYZrEG1vTpBLM4SuTJe8LzlB6yoM3DEVpedDA-yLXni3snRqDYhorZegqMcqbKGoKBOOmFwt6M1veY6cFRNPKlDyD-jg7uBGCTfNqwk6Wj7_lpffftyYBaI9gk6LmZAdyCqA/s1600/23-+Aureobasidium+pullans_4d_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMuGMsbSRyYZrEG1vTpBLM4SuTJe8LzlB6yoM3DEVpedDA-yLXni3snRqDYhorZegqMcqbKGoKBOOmFwt6M1veY6cFRNPKlDyD-jg7uBGCTfNqwk6Wj7_lpffftyYBaI9gk6LmZAdyCqA/s1600/23-+Aureobasidium+pullans_4d_400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Aureobasidium pullans - </i>ditto</div>
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(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6T-ArO10yMKo3GhTFwpITOXYumuVQMFXnW-ehWC9c78CmGLj2iGwxRWZlrzxLOB-N3pGktackns8wC0QBfzsmISF9hfJwo3YrpBEj8Ap4nx3z5VwYNkhgxsC3YxTiAO0OvFOQdNj0fXw/s1600/24-+Aureobasidium+pullans_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6T-ArO10yMKo3GhTFwpITOXYumuVQMFXnW-ehWC9c78CmGLj2iGwxRWZlrzxLOB-N3pGktackns8wC0QBfzsmISF9hfJwo3YrpBEj8Ap4nx3z5VwYNkhgxsC3YxTiAO0OvFOQdNj0fXw/s1600/24-+Aureobasidium+pullans_400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Aureobasidium pullans - </i>Individual dematiaceous chlamydoconidia and blue-stained, hyaline hyphae extending out towards right side of photo. Individual blastoconidia seen scattered throughout.</div>
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(400X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsP4E3AfcO_D6kOIrUh3nbjzg9TyJ7meCm8qpi0WruSHq9c40Xwg9J1fsOUAdGc0ZESsWqouiSVS_3S4t7fsHNR_94vZfdHo3pGI5XqRJuErGu2RRMLYhSpZLFXMsWxGpjymndkt0aHZg/s1600/25-+Aureobasidium+pullans_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsP4E3AfcO_D6kOIrUh3nbjzg9TyJ7meCm8qpi0WruSHq9c40Xwg9J1fsOUAdGc0ZESsWqouiSVS_3S4t7fsHNR_94vZfdHo3pGI5XqRJuErGu2RRMLYhSpZLFXMsWxGpjymndkt0aHZg/s1600/25-+Aureobasidium+pullans_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Aureobasidium pullans</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<i> </i>(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)</div>
<ol>
<li>Free blastoconidia</li>
<li>Dematiaceous, boxcar-shaped, arthroconidia</li>
<li>Dematiaceous, round, intercalary chlamydoconidia</li>
<li>Hyaline hyphae developing as arthroconidia</li>
</ol>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgatQNYGRKKyV22fRJResB6GCrn1X2ovVJrcHWPEjKMuI76Fj0r5-UxEg6asJWrjponQqXnBkKITrk8BEDMVxHuGptn-hHXJNRxdmnGsGS5cO_iBpryFV7I7ULfx_pIFtyd2nuXSn248iY/s1600/26-+Aureobasidium+pullnas_72Hr_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgatQNYGRKKyV22fRJResB6GCrn1X2ovVJrcHWPEjKMuI76Fj0r5-UxEg6asJWrjponQqXnBkKITrk8BEDMVxHuGptn-hHXJNRxdmnGsGS5cO_iBpryFV7I7ULfx_pIFtyd2nuXSn248iY/s1600/26-+Aureobasidium+pullnas_72Hr_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Aureobasidium pullans - </i>a few photos as described above.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHvH9iVcszZOayYgn9ESjQbzSsgiCx8_bAoxlVYiU-sgwy9HUIykTDg5_XTsarl0iGOm0TUvScfHPCvcb1BH88-UkpOPWapPO6U7KoPu4zZ4g2fVfjlGKvXROTjpAyDLDVCWgpia_o-mg/s1600/27-+Aureobasidium+pullans_72Hr_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHvH9iVcszZOayYgn9ESjQbzSsgiCx8_bAoxlVYiU-sgwy9HUIykTDg5_XTsarl0iGOm0TUvScfHPCvcb1BH88-UkpOPWapPO6U7KoPu4zZ4g2fVfjlGKvXROTjpAyDLDVCWgpia_o-mg/s1600/27-+Aureobasidium+pullans_72Hr_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Aureobasidium pullans -</i> As above</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108) </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-gGFDRxJTlb-AluOT-o5Jz5UMUB8s-s1OeqS3JN48C27dVJg2KrLNrguzlLpzbcwyg5r4gkSC8tw4BkBHEy8fAvaiaq45Cpn85-VELUoXze85P_ou03xjbB_r2zfDlvix9beJGO9dNh4/s1600/28-+Aureobasidium+pullans_72Hr_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-gGFDRxJTlb-AluOT-o5Jz5UMUB8s-s1OeqS3JN48C27dVJg2KrLNrguzlLpzbcwyg5r4gkSC8tw4BkBHEy8fAvaiaq45Cpn85-VELUoXze85P_ou03xjbB_r2zfDlvix9beJGO9dNh4/s1600/28-+Aureobasidium+pullans_72Hr_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Aureobasidium pullans -</i> As above</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108) </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM2VWTDt58bUhge6VHX4XpUbQ9pJGRawanjxcZRLPZujDSBq5r9EIsS70Rc4VGrstJO3aXpjUxPgt_DB6Ffo4GNhFA0sooLETeSZiRB_ljYW_C_rewn5WdePpyv_grZs18JNY5XaYGLKw/s1600/29-+Aureobasidium+pullans_4d_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM2VWTDt58bUhge6VHX4XpUbQ9pJGRawanjxcZRLPZujDSBq5r9EIsS70Rc4VGrstJO3aXpjUxPgt_DB6Ffo4GNhFA0sooLETeSZiRB_ljYW_C_rewn5WdePpyv_grZs18JNY5XaYGLKw/s1600/29-+Aureobasidium+pullans_4d_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Aureobasidium pullans -</i> As above</div>
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108) </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i> </i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJFpZI_I7JunhxNjYJugoxhO8e-ZXW0cqtFMdjyfp9h9PsWWjBCK4u0RZX8TslGTUYEJG6fADTAivDgmhUI2wXj1QLJH42102InIT85z_LDT8Osfg2G1vUAmoAvssNAYOJ43TqPqtrOzQ/s1600/30-+Aureobasidium+pullans_72Hrs_1000+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJFpZI_I7JunhxNjYJugoxhO8e-ZXW0cqtFMdjyfp9h9PsWWjBCK4u0RZX8TslGTUYEJG6fADTAivDgmhUI2wXj1QLJH42102InIT85z_LDT8Osfg2G1vUAmoAvssNAYOJ43TqPqtrOzQ/s1600/30-+Aureobasidium+pullans_72Hrs_1000+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Aureobasidium pullans -</i> As above</div>
(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>) </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnUGyBCBZ4YaBUl1fyWtPdB1tKTVNM_RhOESxR5V_b7O2BhbLq8SjQZT99y2D55wR7midCp-sZ8j2sVzlnGJOcH8BPCEeH0DlCk1SMyT7PN7xbwW43TX65ndOrEW7OdyzahoAFrOMVu1A/s1600/31-+Aureobasidium+pullans_4d_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnUGyBCBZ4YaBUl1fyWtPdB1tKTVNM_RhOESxR5V_b7O2BhbLq8SjQZT99y2D55wR7midCp-sZ8j2sVzlnGJOcH8BPCEeH0DlCk1SMyT7PN7xbwW43TX65ndOrEW7OdyzahoAFrOMVu1A/s1600/31-+Aureobasidium+pullans_4d_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Aureobasidium pullans -</i> okay, only a few more photos. Here, the terminal chlamydoconidia appears to be germinating (arrow), releasing new growth of hyaline cells (hypha). A few blue-stained blastoconidia remain. This is from a slide culture after 4 days of incubation.</div>
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108) </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX0COebKBLFtdRZf0IC-Q-zpwNPfoodIwStA8iWIUvchX1RQixM4fowtcjRHwxFpm67Ak1NEINmjUKkWuiGb_By_358RpGyUkrsps9L8ABVWqg5QBt67BKWfzE_LX9dDbc1VzkZLDNXFU/s1600/32-+Aureobasidium+pullans_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX0COebKBLFtdRZf0IC-Q-zpwNPfoodIwStA8iWIUvchX1RQixM4fowtcjRHwxFpm67Ak1NEINmjUKkWuiGb_By_358RpGyUkrsps9L8ABVWqg5QBt67BKWfzE_LX9dDbc1VzkZLDNXFU/s1600/32-+Aureobasidium+pullans_400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Aureobasidium pullans -</i> Hyaline hyphae stained blue showing some internal structure or inclusions. Endoconidia, (conidia found within intercalary hyphal cells) do not seem to be present. </div>
(400+10X, LPCB, DMD-108) </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2Ra5SZeVkitmLnbnkwpoUGFdNsmBi8YkdVdBV1w5m7O2PHhFy3kdNQf-GiMWKid2x4gjvpx5i45fUA2wrj4G0d6NtYJJx1JD1cp37-IhyphenhyphenWdg2zfkGMJvt88krTEy7a2wTe9VHzH5_p0g/s1600/Aureobasidium_endoconidia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2Ra5SZeVkitmLnbnkwpoUGFdNsmBi8YkdVdBV1w5m7O2PHhFy3kdNQf-GiMWKid2x4gjvpx5i45fUA2wrj4G0d6NtYJJx1JD1cp37-IhyphenhyphenWdg2zfkGMJvt88krTEy7a2wTe9VHzH5_p0g/s1600/Aureobasidium_endoconidia.jpg" height="141" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Some sources describe the presence of intercalary endoconidia being produced within the hypha by <i>Aureobasidium pullans.</i> I did not find evidence of these on the isolate presented here. Perhaps the production is media related or perhaps strain dependant.</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Aureobasidium pullans -</i> Again, hyaline hypha stained blue showing some internal structure or inclusions. These do not appear to be endoconidia.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, LPCB, <a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>) </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw8URqGpdcz3bXP3KV8XifSuUN4kkxklSUyQr82mWQaxM2GQYNeQiHp1I4Z78mBWO_fp6FObaAKSgH9FO10BeKvbb3J5PTtvKji2Qgm45barYdHxmTO3R9O9dHxHwYooT6UvAs0VA6Ogw/s1600/34-+Aureobasidium+pullans_72Hrs_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw8URqGpdcz3bXP3KV8XifSuUN4kkxklSUyQr82mWQaxM2GQYNeQiHp1I4Z78mBWO_fp6FObaAKSgH9FO10BeKvbb3J5PTtvKji2Qgm45barYdHxmTO3R9O9dHxHwYooT6UvAs0VA6Ogw/s1600/34-+Aureobasidium+pullans_72Hrs_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Aureobasidium pullans</i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000X, LPCB, DMD-108)<i> </i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Physiology:</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Aureobasidium
pullans</i>:</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Grows best at about 25<sup>o</sup> C and may be
inhibited at 35<sup>o</sup>C.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Tolerates up to 10% NaCl</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Is inhibited by cycloheximide</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Urea Positive</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Nitrate Positive</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Note:</b></span>
Blastoconidia formation may best be visualized using the Dalmau plate method
as for demonstrating chlamydoconidia in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Candida
albicans</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A.pullans</i> may
most frequently be confused with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hormonema
dematiodes</i> and possibly<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Wangiella
(Exophiala) dermatiditis</i> or <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hortaea
werneckii</i> when young and yeast-like.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/" target="_blank"><i><span style="color: #674ea7;"><b>Return to top of Blog (Most Recent Posts) </b></span></i></a></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;">* * * </span></span></div>
Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-58223867337105123912014-12-14T00:01:00.000-05:002014-12-14T00:07:04.554-05:00Hymenolepis nana<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #674ea7;">Lots of photos for this one....probably too many, but didn't know what else to do with them!</span></i></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Hymenolepis nana</i></b></span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>(Cestode)
–Parasite</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Also known as the “dwarf tapeworm”</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #674ea7;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Geographic
Distribution:</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hymenolepis nana</i>
is a cosmopolitan parasite as it has worldwide distribution.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Associated
Disease:</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Hymenolepiasis, or Dwarf Tapeworm Infection.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">H.nana </i>is often carried by the common
house mouse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While it is more frequently
isolated from children, adults are also quite susceptible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The location of the worm in the infected host
is the small intestine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Light infections
may be asymptomatic however a large worm burden may cause abdominal pain, diarrhoea,
headaches, dizziness and anorexia.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Life Cycle:</b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqzd1iwnIhqqPTqynfx7RiT7nc0JY3dKAWfEy3JEchVWaRualqSlAgUsCMb7_Wx2ESWzU4nQ_ko_4oPGzmLlI1lF4YPbHUU_IdOr187_5J1Y3vdHWRAvV43XC2P_0-xbqYQrrS2Uu5Ax8/s1600/H_nana_LifeCycle.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqzd1iwnIhqqPTqynfx7RiT7nc0JY3dKAWfEy3JEchVWaRualqSlAgUsCMb7_Wx2ESWzU4nQ_ko_4oPGzmLlI1lF4YPbHUU_IdOr187_5J1Y3vdHWRAvV43XC2P_0-xbqYQrrS2Uu5Ax8/s1600/H_nana_LifeCycle.gif" height="163" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Infection usually occurs following the ingestion of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">H.nana</i> eggs (ova) which make their way
to the small intestine where they subsequently hatch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The released sixed-hooked oncospheres, bury
into the intestinal villi where, after a few days, they develop into
cysticercoid larvae.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The cysticercoid
larvae are quite small, containing a single scolex.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When mature, the larvae break out of the
intestinal villi to enter the lumen of the small intestine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From the ingestion of eggs to the emergence
of mature worms may take between two to three weeks.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Eggs of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">H.nana</i>
may also develop into infective cysticercoids in various intermediate hosts,
particularly grain beetles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Accidental
ingestion with contaminated grain products allows the larva to grow into adult
worms in mice and most probably, in humans as well.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Autoinfection is also possible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this case, eggs passed by the adult
tapeworm hatch within the intestine, develop through the cysticercoid stage and
mature within the intestine as adult tapeworms.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Egg (Ova)
Morphology:</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">H.nana</i> eggs are
spherical to sub-spherical in shape and have a thin hyaline (clear)
shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They measure between 30 – 47 µm
in diameter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The six-hooklet oncosphere
is surrounded by a membrane with two polar thickenings, from which arise four
to eight filaments that extend into the space between the embryo and the outer
shell.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The related <i>Hymenolepis diminuta
</i>has no polar filaments and this is one feature that aids in their
differentiation.<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIsIjCLM3JtF-pqla8zK5RMFXSqqEWjveQcMGcWpYZHdm3JyG9tcmm0WJoLFQHE37Mgvj-910UXEUQ9Ubd7ADA3yYpq9bQbe3zHMh7BFWcVscuw-uuUCL6oqbYJQ5dmjCieqNQWe3Kiyg/s1600/1-+H_nana+250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIsIjCLM3JtF-pqla8zK5RMFXSqqEWjveQcMGcWpYZHdm3JyG9tcmm0WJoLFQHE37Mgvj-910UXEUQ9Ubd7ADA3yYpq9bQbe3zHMh7BFWcVscuw-uuUCL6oqbYJQ5dmjCieqNQWe3Kiyg/s1600/1-+H_nana+250X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Hymenolepis nana </i>egg (ova): a first look at the fairly low power of 250 times magnification. Here an egg is seen amongst other fecal debris in a concentrated fecal specimen. Care must be taken so as not to over look the parasite as there may be other structures that may mimic or obscure the egg in the concentrate.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(Fecal concentrate, 250X, DMD-108) </div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2d1yCEyAsDFVpcbUiq5ZXiLj7x_3EEYKotvX4X7FhMgA1LJ8TB2RJtq_r-ZI6hsvw51v3XMRe8uklU_7TkCFNkdSoCH8hbBgRk_8DqNh6ouUvwkXDDoeWHQYq9FzgToN-N2og-2rZO4c/s1600/2-+H_nana+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2d1yCEyAsDFVpcbUiq5ZXiLj7x_3EEYKotvX4X7FhMgA1LJ8TB2RJtq_r-ZI6hsvw51v3XMRe8uklU_7TkCFNkdSoCH8hbBgRk_8DqNh6ouUvwkXDDoeWHQYq9FzgToN-N2og-2rZO4c/s1600/2-+H_nana+400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i> Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>A closer view of the H.nana ova in a fecal concentrate.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400X, Nikon)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkPj4cMXK9w3B5HpC180YxMvVW1owooTEexBfFxS18JzHDt6s9xzvTjrxdA1qyzIA7dozrUiFN8NwmIrB0ejHZLgEcXYZfGENcYfoqH_wrt7Wa3ZEwuCptX64VPff39ng6gYQ4EzgTdWw/s1600/3-+H_nana+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkPj4cMXK9w3B5HpC180YxMvVW1owooTEexBfFxS18JzHDt6s9xzvTjrxdA1qyzIA7dozrUiFN8NwmIrB0ejHZLgEcXYZfGENcYfoqH_wrt7Wa3ZEwuCptX64VPff39ng6gYQ4EzgTdWw/s1600/3-+H_nana+400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i> Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>Typical appearance of <i>H.nana </i>egg.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400X, Nikon)<i></i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i><br /></i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWOVLKMqk1RpWcXNPGDElBcf14oVja-kL_CDbPK9dZfwM2UcioTvginBxI07seYFjYsvZd_IcvPO40Gg46G2N22_lqN06HG_lwQvIHsR2w6_N8j8YYFs_F5H2LqRi9szvThbGLRtB9xiU/s1600/4-+H_nana+400+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWOVLKMqk1RpWcXNPGDElBcf14oVja-kL_CDbPK9dZfwM2UcioTvginBxI07seYFjYsvZd_IcvPO40Gg46G2N22_lqN06HG_lwQvIHsR2w6_N8j8YYFs_F5H2LqRi9szvThbGLRtB9xiU/s1600/4-+H_nana+400+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i> Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>More detail revealed.<i></i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400+10X, DMD-108)<i><br /></i></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibihxWA-6rqi2Tcdinlx6Vq2GHh1CHpKp4wa9T7y6ea9Azh65XpReeu9Qty1hL3QgptmstfMO9gN45yqCyv1RYfLlCjGAX2SW0CymZ4worRjQ-l7yAeNI6lQu4BrKjeGe3ZROJHulZt2U/s1600/5-+H_nana+400+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibihxWA-6rqi2Tcdinlx6Vq2GHh1CHpKp4wa9T7y6ea9Azh65XpReeu9Qty1hL3QgptmstfMO9gN45yqCyv1RYfLlCjGAX2SW0CymZ4worRjQ-l7yAeNI6lQu4BrKjeGe3ZROJHulZt2U/s1600/5-+H_nana+400+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">H.nana</i> eggs are
spherical to sub-spherical in shape. They may be described as 'broadly oval'.</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi71A059wPoyP3vXNmtX5KnyKd51ndySpUw5XpK3GT7tG8t98fPpP5HMgCof50oSDXotugWjhxa7Q0dxb-BeHhXw99NUwHX1OIXDSOuA1J9zuZXMwADswjcdGN7I0KuJtQqHfMBvpcWp4I/s1600/6-+H_nanna+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi71A059wPoyP3vXNmtX5KnyKd51ndySpUw5XpK3GT7tG8t98fPpP5HMgCof50oSDXotugWjhxa7Q0dxb-BeHhXw99NUwHX1OIXDSOuA1J9zuZXMwADswjcdGN7I0KuJtQqHfMBvpcWp4I/s1600/6-+H_nanna+400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>Another view - inset showing details.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400X, Nikon)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuLgEMrikqeiXn9LVNeLgh-2jJ97-oldl8LbB07nRmIAR5-OWA0zhdfGHqUkzwZJTgyql73AzdcRB2ZqaOqtKzk85CxvYC6OMcfhyphenhyphenz5Y5fCsyOo9M7uus3zOxjP-8DsJZLWBmPs_9T3PQ/s1600/7-+H_nana+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuLgEMrikqeiXn9LVNeLgh-2jJ97-oldl8LbB07nRmIAR5-OWA0zhdfGHqUkzwZJTgyql73AzdcRB2ZqaOqtKzk85CxvYC6OMcfhyphenhyphenz5Y5fCsyOo9M7uus3zOxjP-8DsJZLWBmPs_9T3PQ/s1600/7-+H_nana+400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>Four hooklets are visible in the lower left of the inner oncosphere surrounded by a membrane.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(400X, Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5vT2aVr6ekVs_xmzqtwHE0Ko_YNDjYC_CiDjM4GlB9BdRNqyZcuU-dul2an2QtaMn0gVdQm4n4l0C8OQ-b16o1hcV6-zElN1K8iARCxeP-6EOI4j0sJ7aYuxQCB7NjALnCPu3IkTJJiY/s1600/8-+H_nana+400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5vT2aVr6ekVs_xmzqtwHE0Ko_YNDjYC_CiDjM4GlB9BdRNqyZcuU-dul2an2QtaMn0gVdQm4n4l0C8OQ-b16o1hcV6-zElN1K8iARCxeP-6EOI4j0sJ7aYuxQCB7NjALnCPu3IkTJJiY/s1600/8-+H_nana+400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Hymenolepis nana egg:</i> Another view with the magnified inset showing the position of one of two polar thickenings from which 4 to 8 polar filaments (PF) arise.</div>
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(400X, Nikon)</div>
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<i>Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>Yet another view.<i></i></div>
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(500X, Nikon)<i></i></div>
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<i>Hymenolepis nana egg:</i> Ditto</div>
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<i>Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>Now were getting to higher magnifications. Eggs (Ova) measure between 30 – 47 µm
in diameter.</div>
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(1000X, Nikon)</div>
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<i>Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>Learn to recognize the ova regarless of the orientation and the shape it may be in. (500X, Nikon)<i><br /></i></div>
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<i>Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>Cell wall appears to be damaged on the left side of this photo. Cell may not be viable, (500X, Nikon)</div>
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<i>Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>Oncosphere with a few of the six hooklets are visible in this photo.</div>
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(1000X, Nikon)</div>
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<i>Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>The pointed structures within the oncosphere (upper part of the inner cellular structure) are the hooklets. Thin, hyaline cellular wall is evident as well.</div>
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(1000X, Nikon)</div>
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<i>Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>Ditto</div>
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(1000X, Nikon)</div>
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<i>Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>At least four of the six hooklets are seen within the oncosphere which is surrounded by a membrane. This is contained withing the cell surrounded by the hyaline cell wall.</div>
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(1000X, Nikon)</div>
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You should be able to recognize the Hymenolipis ova in a fecal concentrate after having viewed all the preceding photos. While the characteristic structures are most clearly viewed in a freshly passed or concentrated fecal specimen, you should be able to recognize the egg in a stained smear as well. A number of photos of iron-hematoxylin stained permanent smears follow.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-2fKzGXElsu4wIQdmGIn7oLJ5FRAL0hzQsG1Qk5h-3Rguz03a_J3CqGN1-gOcXI0UAsxS7JqB_vZ0G1cRPH4U_eyId592H5UXYprZYZMjDdp1UFnWSk334BeiHwWGhTVngKXUDW9Q1ZI/s1600/18-+H_nana+500X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-2fKzGXElsu4wIQdmGIn7oLJ5FRAL0hzQsG1Qk5h-3Rguz03a_J3CqGN1-gOcXI0UAsxS7JqB_vZ0G1cRPH4U_eyId592H5UXYprZYZMjDdp1UFnWSk334BeiHwWGhTVngKXUDW9Q1ZI/s1600/18-+H_nana+500X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>Here in the same field, one can see that the uptake of the stain and the appearance of the egg can differ significantly.</div>
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(500X, Nikon)</div>
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<i>Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>At first glance, the egg may even resemble a large amoeba cyst such as Entamoeba coli. Focusing through the cell will not reveal the 8 nuclei expected in E.coli. The size difference also should eliminate the cyst. (1000X, Nikon)</div>
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<i>Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>Ditto<i><br /></i></div>
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(500X, Nikon)</div>
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<i>Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>Oncosphere visible, surrounded by a clearing with the outer cell wall barely visible.</div>
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(1000X, Nikon)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkIx5PowDEHRvXSJ4uajebCHJ7X9NuPLIw8NaeNsgZJyeiavpfdtHypjDJUu1cFuBBbBZBudtXdEw86b394lOwGkV5zpIaN0ecN776m-iUx0sNHYnhKF51yhbN1LTIEJsAPJKjPebcrU4/s1600/23-+H_nana+1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkIx5PowDEHRvXSJ4uajebCHJ7X9NuPLIw8NaeNsgZJyeiavpfdtHypjDJUu1cFuBBbBZBudtXdEw86b394lOwGkV5zpIaN0ecN776m-iUx0sNHYnhKF51yhbN1LTIEJsAPJKjPebcrU4/s1600/23-+H_nana+1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i>Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>Oncosphere is visible but cell wall is not.</div>
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(1000X, Nikon)</div>
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<i>Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>Iron-Hematoxylin stained showing little detail in the oncosphere but cell wall is visible. (1000X, DMD-108)<i></i></div>
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<i>Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>Another variation of the egg's appearance in an Iron-hematoxylin stained smear.</div>
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(1000X, DMD-108)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX9l_qEokqxQAsvaJmLW5TrSsejsTFRaESgXAQtIXcBSbkWA0b9-iK-morAb7MNK5-YA0R5X05qFRcO35gYO3quGcp97FfVjavWylqZm5SuLHiBU9QAZnGym19FQBxvvvzkaRiuS3n3lA/s1600/27-+H_nana+1000+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX9l_qEokqxQAsvaJmLW5TrSsejsTFRaESgXAQtIXcBSbkWA0b9-iK-morAb7MNK5-YA0R5X05qFRcO35gYO3quGcp97FfVjavWylqZm5SuLHiBU9QAZnGym19FQBxvvvzkaRiuS3n3lA/s1600/27-+H_nana+1000+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>Dehydration process during staining has distorted the cell wall</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglzdsTBJhrgS6MWa1tb8LNfRyHEO337w2XU6EabFl59WP4iJk6cF6x7J7keCR8_6_aT0e_FF42fOwJmp-i4RS4xtIiYT9g1R8kA1A6BjNt6XSIKE1w8BTQvk7OJ_yJv6avrZWGdKPu8Jk/s1600/29-+H_nana+1000+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglzdsTBJhrgS6MWa1tb8LNfRyHEO337w2XU6EabFl59WP4iJk6cF6x7J7keCR8_6_aT0e_FF42fOwJmp-i4RS4xtIiYT9g1R8kA1A6BjNt6XSIKE1w8BTQvk7OJ_yJv6avrZWGdKPu8Jk/s1600/29-+H_nana+1000+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>Egg with outer cell wall and inner ocosphere. Shadows of several hooklets can be seen within, (1000+10X, DMD-108)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1j6oN4WmTEW1qomH0634mTmNt4i9ruzHcG7qORmDu4YpOUrrrzzWFeglPyIRfknINo9-9tHr1gwj9mt4Upo2fHLN9Gq6YdoAqaSG24O2ATAWUqhWoGJ5t1ns9REOKOF9daXVxc307QcA/s1600/30-+H_nana+1000+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1j6oN4WmTEW1qomH0634mTmNt4i9ruzHcG7qORmDu4YpOUrrrzzWFeglPyIRfknINo9-9tHr1gwj9mt4Upo2fHLN9Gq6YdoAqaSG24O2ATAWUqhWoGJ5t1ns9REOKOF9daXVxc307QcA/s1600/30-+H_nana+1000+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Hymenolepis nana egg: </i>Last one.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
(1000+10X, DMD-108)<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i><br /></i></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Adult Worm
Morphology:</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">H.nana</i> adult
tapeworms are quite small, measuring 2.5 – 4.0 cm in length.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The tiny, knob-like scolex has four suckers
and a rostellum bearing a ring of 20 - 30 hooklets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Proglottids (segments) are wider than they
are long.<br />
<br />
Sorry, I have no worm to take a photo of, however they can be found elsewhere on the web. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Diagnosis:</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Diagnosis is made by demonstrating the characteristic
eggs in the fecal sample.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Unstained,
concentrated specimens are preferable as the details are more evident.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also, thin-shelled eggs may collapse on
permanent stained smears, making them difficult to identify.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Specimens preserved in PVA (polyvinyl alcohol)
do not exhibit morphological characteristic nearly as well as those preserved
in formalin fixed specimens.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The adult
worm or proglottid segments are rarely seen in the stool.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
Confusion may occur with the related <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hymenolepis diminuta</i>, however <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">H.dimunata</i>
eggs of the ‘Rat Tapeworm’ are much larger (70 – 85 by 60 - 80 µm in diameter)
than those of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">H.nana</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They also do not possess the polar filaments
as previously mentioned.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/" target="_blank"><i><b><span style="color: #674ea7;">Return to Top (Most Recent Posts)</span></b></i></a></div>
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</div>
Yurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00711763900793650167noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4935604828359853402.post-48027388814146605022014-11-29T22:05:00.000-05:002014-11-29T22:06:05.333-05:00Ascaris lumbricoides<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><i><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Ascaris lumbricoides</b></span></i><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span>(Intestinal
Nematode)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Roundworm”</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Geographic
Distribution:</b></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ascaris
lumbricoides</i> can be found throughout the world but is more commonly found
in moist temperate and tropical regions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ascaris</i> is increasingly
prevalent where poor sanitation exists.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In cultures where human excrement (night soil) is used as fertilizer,
infection may again be greater.</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pathogenicity: </b></span></div>
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Infection occurs with the ingestion of fully embryonated
eggs (ova). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Infection with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ascaris lumbricoides</i> is termed
Ascariasis and it affects more of the world’s population than any other
parasitic disease.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ingestion of small numbers of eggs may be
asymptomatic for the host however larger numbers may cause <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ascaris</i> pneumonitis<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a>
or Loeffler’s<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></a>
syndrome.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those infected with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ascaris lumbricoides</i> may develop
asthmatic attacks, shortness of breath, wheezing or a persistent cough.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A heavy infection in the small intestine may
result in a bowel obstruction, especially in children.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Symptoms may include fever and generalized
malaise possibly with abdominal distension, associated tenderness and possible
vomiting.</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Life Cycle:</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6PF6gSlhoDSkRJ95PLPObPKBFvjNrW1ORnBieB8V4OkAIwltaBM0UX7HaNNfdaDVVOfEcdLSZfKSeYJCtMjudkzbtb-6Hpnm0lVrS7-AdoVFRch4h0bVwYj9dFFOxj7x3tDWboNzutOY/s1600/ascariasis_lifecycle.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6PF6gSlhoDSkRJ95PLPObPKBFvjNrW1ORnBieB8V4OkAIwltaBM0UX7HaNNfdaDVVOfEcdLSZfKSeYJCtMjudkzbtb-6Hpnm0lVrS7-AdoVFRch4h0bVwYj9dFFOxj7x3tDWboNzutOY/s1600/ascariasis_lifecycle.gif" height="196" width="200" /></a>Ingested embryonated eggs travel to the duodenum (small
intestine) where they hatch and begin an obligatory migration throughout the
body before they return to the duodenum to mature into adulthood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hatched larvae start the migration by
penetrating the duodenum wall to enter the blood or lymphatic system which
eventually carries the larvae to the liver and the heart to eventually enter
pulmonary circulation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the lungs, the
larvae break free of the capillaries to enter the aveoli where they continue to
grow.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After about 3 weeks, they begin to
migrate through respiratory passages to reach the esophagus where they are
swallowed and once again reach the small intestine.</div>
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At about two to three months post ingestion of the eggs,
the now mature worms begin to lay their own eggs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has been estimated that mature female
worms may produce an average of 200,000 eggs daily.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> females are oviparous<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_edn3" name="_ednref3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[iii]</span></span></span></span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When passed, the eggs require about 2 to 3
weeks outside of the host to develop into the infective embryonated stage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While the eggs are susceptible to excessive
heat and drying, they can remain viable in moist soils for long periods of
time.</div>
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<span style="color: red;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-indent: -36.0pt;">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b>A</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">scaris Worm:</b></span></div>
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The adult <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> worms area creamy-white in
colour, occasionally with a pinkish cast.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Female worms range from 20 to 35 cm in length.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Males are generally shorter and usually do
not exceed 30 cm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Female worms are also
generally thicker (3-6 mm) than the more slender males (2-4 mm).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Males can be distinguished from females by
their incurved tail.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Females have a
straight tail.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Adult worms are believed
to live up to a year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Ascaris</i> worms do
not attach themselves to the intestinal wall but rather maintain their position
through constant movement.</div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB8XAkY3q2bicz52iUNcxY-fDKDh8dnfEapdecJuw-4lCNXe7illjXcCMl2Pr8knm4JGM80G32U7bj8f1PCOHf3vPg8sxifmwhbqTY5Zpw0o-t3JiJ-rWKj7mxhNuzKFVDMUaESjao4oE/s1600/01-Ascaris+lumbricoides+(Roundworm).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB8XAkY3q2bicz52iUNcxY-fDKDh8dnfEapdecJuw-4lCNXe7illjXcCMl2Pr8knm4JGM80G32U7bj8f1PCOHf3vPg8sxifmwhbqTY5Zpw0o-t3JiJ-rWKj7mxhNuzKFVDMUaESjao4oE/s1600/01-Ascaris+lumbricoides+(Roundworm).jpg" height="348" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i> Ascaris lumbricoides</i>: Adult male worm show with its distinctive curved tail. This particular worm was about 24 cm or 10 in in length, (Nikon-Macroscopic)</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ascaris Eggs (Ova):</b></span></div>
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Diagnosis of ascariasis is by the demonstration of the
characteristic eggs in the feces.</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fertile eggs</b></span>
are broadly oval in shape and typically yellow-brown in colour, stained by the
bile in freshly passed stools.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They
measure 45 to 75 µm in length by 35 to 50 µm in breadth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The outer albuminoid coat is coarsely
mammillated covers a smooth shell which is difficult to distinguish in
laboratory preparations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some confusion
in diagnosis may occur if the<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Ascaris</i>
egg has lost its mammillated coat (decorticated) as it may somewhat resemble<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2011/04/hookworm-trichostrongylus-ova.html" target="_blank"> Hookworm or Trichostrongylus </a>species
ova.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Ascaris</i> eggs contain only one cell
when passed in the feces. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">Infertile eggs</span> </b>are
elongate, about 85 – 95 µm by 43 – 47 µm in size.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their mammillated layer may vary from being
coarsely irregular to a relatively smooth layer, almost devoid of
mammillations. The internal contents of infertile eggs appear as a mass of
disorganized, refractile granules.</div>
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<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<span style="color: #674ea7;"><b>Note:</b></span> <span style="color: #674ea7;">All the following photos are take from the re-suspended sediment after fecal concentration.</span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJqqeXb_xQRBj_IxDhUG1C1n-wcJ4LPICF6yXt8DRfVG-fT8PGRPXAGMr5OjVh0CMD0syAJ6Vc2YR7oLAbu2mRH_u5AMgonTsYjn9Ph_-Y9FwjH6cakstzOGi_eA5twFcp425McbVi0Fc/s1600/02-Ascaris_ova_conc_250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJqqeXb_xQRBj_IxDhUG1C1n-wcJ4LPICF6yXt8DRfVG-fT8PGRPXAGMr5OjVh0CMD0syAJ6Vc2YR7oLAbu2mRH_u5AMgonTsYjn9Ph_-Y9FwjH6cakstzOGi_eA5twFcp425McbVi0Fc/s1600/02-Ascaris_ova_conc_250X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Ascaris lumbricoides</i> egg seen in the center of the photograph.</div>
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<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">(Nikon, 250X)</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEica1XKex_jS4t0yV2Il2087R_LSbfKaM_6rBNU8CyXvnCz4jwkpgZT9sSE6D-j_LALIXqZUVLphrFS8SQdhktv5Scs0CB3V0sdTlWQYN0-jez889NbTylHR08m_SC60xUh1MGefgPZvuw/s1600/03-Ascaris_ova_conc_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEica1XKex_jS4t0yV2Il2087R_LSbfKaM_6rBNU8CyXvnCz4jwkpgZT9sSE6D-j_LALIXqZUVLphrFS8SQdhktv5Scs0CB3V0sdTlWQYN0-jez889NbTylHR08m_SC60xUh1MGefgPZvuw/s1600/03-Ascaris_ova_conc_400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b><i> Ascaris lumbricoides </i>egg has a distinctive appearance. This egg shows the rough looking surface due to the mammillated albuminoid coat.</div>
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(<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>, 400X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQb1yHuZHagpK3EWHzn90PvOnai3mCrJ4CNux2hIN7NBKUdirGItJXzqW-oTXy4OZV7CpIJoHaBax7IBYVxP5kz-PliSwk-CTtb0gbNYtIWAzur2UPA0ZO-INfB8hWzb8LSvC_xJu77Fw/s1600/04-Ascaris_ova_conc_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQb1yHuZHagpK3EWHzn90PvOnai3mCrJ4CNux2hIN7NBKUdirGItJXzqW-oTXy4OZV7CpIJoHaBax7IBYVxP5kz-PliSwk-CTtb0gbNYtIWAzur2UPA0ZO-INfB8hWzb8LSvC_xJu77Fw/s1600/04-Ascaris_ova_conc_400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Ascaris lumbricoides</i>: another photo of the egg with its rough mammillated coat.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(Nikon, 400X)</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiO7A5MZkbj6p-Cb2-ig7sIQAFJNrf-EzNBqPER2IEwsXKeXby3OBNEP8VXEnNMfCTH2eGMKNEMh9g_pvsIvme1fY2P-RqMfhEdmRTv5eX_R0yQk1GqxrPY3yCPBEtnyx1WHNwrYLl32g/s1600/05-Ascaris_ova_conc_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiO7A5MZkbj6p-Cb2-ig7sIQAFJNrf-EzNBqPER2IEwsXKeXby3OBNEP8VXEnNMfCTH2eGMKNEMh9g_pvsIvme1fY2P-RqMfhEdmRTv5eX_R0yQk1GqxrPY3yCPBEtnyx1WHNwrYLl32g/s1600/05-Ascaris_ova_conc_400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i> Ascaris lumbricoides</i>: a photo of the egg with an alternate focus inserted for comparison. As the egg is three-dimensional, adjusting the focus can aid in visualizing the egg's structure.</div>
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(Nikon, 400X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiurKkQbUcCj7iyUmmZZLgUt6RZ-5DB6m9-kSxGi1pjndAyWey_i-OTvLo3W6UpILPhkg64eRwJna8TNa8a9amx8LxhR53qAHqzCpFHyOJJFJxYFHZbQ62cZIKLEPuOGgaVVIJGLK_lMpU/s1600/06-Ascaris_ova_conc_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiurKkQbUcCj7iyUmmZZLgUt6RZ-5DB6m9-kSxGi1pjndAyWey_i-OTvLo3W6UpILPhkg64eRwJna8TNa8a9amx8LxhR53qAHqzCpFHyOJJFJxYFHZbQ62cZIKLEPuOGgaVVIJGLK_lMpU/s1600/06-Ascaris_ova_conc_400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i> Ascaris lumbricoides</i>: as above.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>, 400X)</div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFshNwbIM5JSCibey_6eckSDcuDuLhKHah_NRZHX8Fe4PArMWAayFXoGn4Lu6EgRVGOVnfKhpVZIiENykupzYdZmdIL_Z6mpJtOgSP3ujM_c_aVm27omGPyjn4Euc8Q47PPToumaxxR8Y/s1600/07-Ascaris_ova_conc_400X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFshNwbIM5JSCibey_6eckSDcuDuLhKHah_NRZHX8Fe4PArMWAayFXoGn4Lu6EgRVGOVnfKhpVZIiENykupzYdZmdIL_Z6mpJtOgSP3ujM_c_aVm27omGPyjn4Euc8Q47PPToumaxxR8Y/s1600/07-Ascaris_ova_conc_400X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
<i> Ascaris lumbricoides</i>:<i> </i>Two<i> A.lumbricoides </i>eggs seen in the same field.</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: center;">
(<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>, 400X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAxlNldc-5CV8INvPmw6jdSpb1MTzttL2N3h2NusnGYH-qMs2m0RT3r-IEN7ndbdMdKKWVYwF3-d7zspHiM4nUFVFcs7kp_WWsEU43mazu1PUTQ0N3Lc1VjXrkVDp6zNCMtwvJ-2BBZEY/s1600/08-Ascaris_ova_conc_400+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAxlNldc-5CV8INvPmw6jdSpb1MTzttL2N3h2NusnGYH-qMs2m0RT3r-IEN7ndbdMdKKWVYwF3-d7zspHiM4nUFVFcs7kp_WWsEU43mazu1PUTQ0N3Lc1VjXrkVDp6zNCMtwvJ-2BBZEY/s1600/08-Ascaris_ova_conc_400+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Ascaris lumbricoides: </i>Typical appearance of the <i>Ascaris</i> egg. The presence of these eggs in a fecal specimen is diagnostic for an <i>Ascaris</i> infection.</div>
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(DMD-108, 400+10X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWvE95CL-udNMWb_7C8TYElc6qSN7jZ0eXQ3XzGWsMtDTX2xvrdaPIR9v7ZVNYh47SIrkJHkSpxlmBIH9QH-xabN66zNLyir-7cmndCnyKAvSdZ1fGw98sXI04IpVzn5rNqH9BIwHqHog/s1600/09-Ascaris_ova_conc_400+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWvE95CL-udNMWb_7C8TYElc6qSN7jZ0eXQ3XzGWsMtDTX2xvrdaPIR9v7ZVNYh47SIrkJHkSpxlmBIH9QH-xabN66zNLyir-7cmndCnyKAvSdZ1fGw98sXI04IpVzn5rNqH9BIwHqHog/s1600/09-Ascaris_ova_conc_400+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Ascaris lumbricoides</i>: The thick albuminoid mammillated layer is quite evident on this fertile <i>Ascaris</i> egg. (DMD-108, 400+10X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4iMc66j0leXfmR9BLzLafeyJBh9JKkMvgQFEVpem6PRKBh0fTyrW5s-joCps1t5f1NJnwE5H4R7pgxBuT4R5q_OAK1ViWWHhsvtaTdhRR46zJN9K9Fjr1whhqfSaE74piJBiQxt4xRic/s1600/10-Ascaris_ova_conc_400+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4iMc66j0leXfmR9BLzLafeyJBh9JKkMvgQFEVpem6PRKBh0fTyrW5s-joCps1t5f1NJnwE5H4R7pgxBuT4R5q_OAK1ViWWHhsvtaTdhRR46zJN9K9Fjr1whhqfSaE74piJBiQxt4xRic/s1600/10-Ascaris_ova_conc_400+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Ascaris lumbricoides: </i>As above with a slightly altered focus<i>.</i></div>
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(DMD-108, 400+10X)<i><br /></i></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfqpOBYH0S0GogcdUPsuBCoMQGt9OYB4mNYlRsNMnsf1a34yle3Mpt3l9spuQxjHnWlRk1MX9l77TEW1XkdLE-KIbDL7OzFk1gBkpHESXmt-bEv1okDSVh0iZVelBWkeHLrWsHtGr-k8U/s1600/11-Ascaris_ova_conc_400+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfqpOBYH0S0GogcdUPsuBCoMQGt9OYB4mNYlRsNMnsf1a34yle3Mpt3l9spuQxjHnWlRk1MX9l77TEW1XkdLE-KIbDL7OzFk1gBkpHESXmt-bEv1okDSVh0iZVelBWkeHLrWsHtGr-k8U/s1600/11-Ascaris_ova_conc_400+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b><i> Ascaris lumbricoides: </i> Another photo of the<i> Ascaris </i>egg in a fecal concentrate.</div>
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(DMD-108, 400+10X)</div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUMez_AixP0aBytsggA257-b9jQLIshWE-sL_NSkvOL1cZPeHuRPDJI5WRxm8ixynDHyMbDu_NjveUeLhIPlNHoV6JxLWr9nMCJvDk3Jzk-F5HU0335mIuohWfTPNjRakm02xvivZRK-U/s1600/12-Ascaris_ova_conc_400+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUMez_AixP0aBytsggA257-b9jQLIshWE-sL_NSkvOL1cZPeHuRPDJI5WRxm8ixynDHyMbDu_NjveUeLhIPlNHoV6JxLWr9nMCJvDk3Jzk-F5HU0335mIuohWfTPNjRakm02xvivZRK-U/s1600/12-Ascaris_ova_conc_400+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Ascaris lumbricoides</i>: As above but with an alternate focus of this fertile Ascaris egg. I post these alternate focus photos in an attempt to demonstrate the three-dimensional nature of the egg and their complexity. (<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">DMD-108</a>, 400+10X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhes3wZctU-TKNTL-Ly1W8UoddnZ43-rmBg4R7tibgX3AHh_8-2aRfls5ye1tgPOwO-DAl3ROHEeXFTmDimFh7q0hyphenhyphenrps1gHhj6Wi0Os6Q21oXUsJE03ZhPb0jOQz55VkvfD7B5RbcsziA/s1600/13-Ascaris_ova_conc_400+10X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhes3wZctU-TKNTL-Ly1W8UoddnZ43-rmBg4R7tibgX3AHh_8-2aRfls5ye1tgPOwO-DAl3ROHEeXFTmDimFh7q0hyphenhyphenrps1gHhj6Wi0Os6Q21oXUsJE03ZhPb0jOQz55VkvfD7B5RbcsziA/s1600/13-Ascaris_ova_conc_400+10X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Ascaris lumbricoides: </i>Yet another example, 'cause more is better!.</div>
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(DMD-108, 400+10X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8XsDFtmnVgKKUbDXP0WDuww1qPR4BvHQjsCFA0FYNSwq0xxhdH22iT1u49bmDQKkjt_UtAcV2bOgfncqOGaSv6r7d8xjeTclSVOgSFnIBHxEasKLjqookTcMffB5ZLIfJhfIpCzXmEXU/s1600/14-Ascaris_ova_conc_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8XsDFtmnVgKKUbDXP0WDuww1qPR4BvHQjsCFA0FYNSwq0xxhdH22iT1u49bmDQKkjt_UtAcV2bOgfncqOGaSv6r7d8xjeTclSVOgSFnIBHxEasKLjqookTcMffB5ZLIfJhfIpCzXmEXU/s1600/14-Ascaris_ova_conc_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Ascaris lumbricoides: </i>At a higher magnification. The large single cell interior is clearly visible.</div>
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(<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>, 1000X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji0BHiBDRlfJVKWXq0vC1ECpph8uwUbX7WO8RU62NhufftbcNTkzRUvjvehRmv0UgErXABRXpmFgDdahaTBIagIW7f77Opaph6R8ZUtkBIRhxnTdtN8ZycfXuF1hO3yUgsO2JodP0v8lk/s1600/15-Ascaris_ova_conc_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji0BHiBDRlfJVKWXq0vC1ECpph8uwUbX7WO8RU62NhufftbcNTkzRUvjvehRmv0UgErXABRXpmFgDdahaTBIagIW7f77Opaph6R8ZUtkBIRhxnTdtN8ZycfXuF1hO3yUgsO2JodP0v8lk/s1600/15-Ascaris_ova_conc_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Ascaris lumbricoides </i>ova: Okay, more is better, right? Another photo showing the thick outer albuminoid mammillated layer. The inner wall often cannot be visualized unless the egg loses this outer layer (decorticated). The single celled contents are clearly visible.</div>
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(Nikon, 1000X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWf8s5pn7PVwMlednBpiE25FfLVn9KXrWvjnsdKrSeSTwOEvsWvjnw8FQB11Aca0BpYAdGfHTaX6J6RqWsMbc5EBggW1kd2T30v2w3K_yaf0wbrhhrlimrOUkci18theULJ5taA4R39EM/s1600/16-Ascaris_ova_conc_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWf8s5pn7PVwMlednBpiE25FfLVn9KXrWvjnsdKrSeSTwOEvsWvjnw8FQB11Aca0BpYAdGfHTaX6J6RqWsMbc5EBggW1kd2T30v2w3K_yaf0wbrhhrlimrOUkci18theULJ5taA4R39EM/s1600/16-Ascaris_ova_conc_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Ascaris lumbricoides</i>: <i> </i>Too many photos? I have to do something with them! Another photo of the <i>Ascaris</i> egg however it appears as if the interior cell has divided into four or more individual cells.</div>
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(Nikon, 1000X)<i><br /></i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_SnhfL71mmM5360a8W-dK_7AibbignvbKQsDXFAEszuHLE0nN3Augf52_DqWHGkeMh-vdGSCl96BKy3RShy2KkteuTIFMdO3H-HeXeFSPf-hieNbuHRK-0-fp8fN81M9ef7ApTYA2axA/s1600/17-Ascaris_ova_conc_250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_SnhfL71mmM5360a8W-dK_7AibbignvbKQsDXFAEszuHLE0nN3Augf52_DqWHGkeMh-vdGSCl96BKy3RShy2KkteuTIFMdO3H-HeXeFSPf-hieNbuHRK-0-fp8fN81M9ef7ApTYA2axA/s1600/17-Ascaris_ova_conc_250X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Ascaris lumbricoides</i>: An <i>Ascaris</i> egg with the inset enlargement of the Ascaris egg. There appears to have been a number of divisions of the original cell contained within the egg.</div>
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(<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>, 250X)</div>
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Too many photos? Just a few more to go..</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"></span>While the <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> ova can be found in iron-hematoxylin stained preparations, the eggs usually stain so intensely that they appear as silhouettes and very little structural information can be discerned. They may be missed by an inexperienced eye. A thinner part of the stained slide may offer the best chance of recognizing and finding these eggs. The sedimentation concentration wet preparation technique is preferable in visualizing these eggs when present.</div>
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<b><span style="color: #674ea7;">Note: The following photos are taken from Iron-Hematoxylin stained fecal preparations.</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijRii5Hx0eI5b1bjbysepTpTgzdXu_sVT8pcLWq8XhDr6HkwVwrY2gaDQ2hv7k1d2r01ExNzUBaarFUbjy8k352R9CYHPc1xP8EU_Zy6tOgYy8DM5SW8vG0-rSmn39jCIKn-l9uc35ZPQ/s1600/18-Ascaris_ova_Hx_250X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijRii5Hx0eI5b1bjbysepTpTgzdXu_sVT8pcLWq8XhDr6HkwVwrY2gaDQ2hv7k1d2r01ExNzUBaarFUbjy8k352R9CYHPc1xP8EU_Zy6tOgYy8DM5SW8vG0-rSmn39jCIKn-l9uc35ZPQ/s1600/18-Ascaris_ova_Hx_250X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Ascaris lumbricoides</i>:Two Ascaris eggs are seen in this photo which appear as two large dark masses on either side of the picture. The dark blob in the lower center is just an artifact present in the stool and clearly does not have the outline of the Ascaris egg.</div>
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(Nikon, 250X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB0qH_s5-oVPDZJm_FvTGhvHg6XjT7SLrONbPW6IaHjPmMPZuio_EAV2aOnY1gC8O7TmaiPB4KVah4ZedPvX6lrwEq8gVWnqPdUx9Xzdj0cKV7Wxw-A0Ap-8SNckSae1EwkdnhHX6b8PE/s1600/19-Ascaris_ova_Hx_100X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB0qH_s5-oVPDZJm_FvTGhvHg6XjT7SLrONbPW6IaHjPmMPZuio_EAV2aOnY1gC8O7TmaiPB4KVah4ZedPvX6lrwEq8gVWnqPdUx9Xzdj0cKV7Wxw-A0Ap-8SNckSae1EwkdnhHX6b8PE/s1600/19-Ascaris_ova_Hx_100X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Ascaris lumbricoides</i>: As with the concentrates, if a good microscopic field is found in the stained preparation, the Ascaris egg exhibits different textures as one focuses through it.</div>
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(Nikon, 1000X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTEg_ow73lCZmmXrYezWTaptzLgCYYf_vQq15FbkqXOyLAB868LlEc-DrgVPOpaN0jpcY7meY883vkzHYvQ-vAIQZfbKBna2A9k22KayuyKD5eBEfzHFlYPzaqFPxLz3tZq4nutdF-Sxg/s1600/20-Ascaris_ova_Hx_1000x.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTEg_ow73lCZmmXrYezWTaptzLgCYYf_vQq15FbkqXOyLAB868LlEc-DrgVPOpaN0jpcY7meY883vkzHYvQ-vAIQZfbKBna2A9k22KayuyKD5eBEfzHFlYPzaqFPxLz3tZq4nutdF-Sxg/s1600/20-Ascaris_ova_Hx_1000x.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Ascaris lumbricoides</i>: Same photo as above but with altered focusing.<i> </i> The mammillated layer appears as a scalloped edge surrounding the single celled contents of the egg.</div>
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(<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>, 1000X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEingW0hhVgwr5_xuxdwsAMN3wK8RZqhL7aqNur56FnnmgsqGDC2UDRu9nSm3ff6f-S5e_aRZQTOmJ1aN1-Gl0DLC7cEs5o0IUwzES4OCo9_ha9zBcwCT3afSEmX5jCrUgzPXTET8uXa804/s1600/21-Ascaris_ova_Hx_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEingW0hhVgwr5_xuxdwsAMN3wK8RZqhL7aqNur56FnnmgsqGDC2UDRu9nSm3ff6f-S5e_aRZQTOmJ1aN1-Gl0DLC7cEs5o0IUwzES4OCo9_ha9zBcwCT3afSEmX5jCrUgzPXTET8uXa804/s1600/21-Ascaris_ova_Hx_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Ascaris lumbricoides</i>: In most iron-hematoxylin stained preparations the Ascaris ova will be heavily stained and often appear in silhouette with very little structure revealed.</div>
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(Nikon, 1000X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk1ntvyRJxYBQDNXFAwUVDIqlTvxoWYJYT6PUnjlZiLAQL-_CJVgcKh8TDvlEH49GuJYgj5DlUR_3S2u9KWm7uAE8dGhif47bf3B-gVxGL5K86CJzVBHElxRx_gt6gr46sYzQRuq37Lhg/s1600/22-Ascaris_ova_Hx_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk1ntvyRJxYBQDNXFAwUVDIqlTvxoWYJYT6PUnjlZiLAQL-_CJVgcKh8TDvlEH49GuJYgj5DlUR_3S2u9KWm7uAE8dGhif47bf3B-gVxGL5K86CJzVBHElxRx_gt6gr46sYzQRuq37Lhg/s1600/22-Ascaris_ova_Hx_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Ascaris lumbricoides</i>: As above. If a thin field can be found, the stained ova may show some detail.</div>
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(Nikon, 1000X)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2PZ-49YYzpEPncnJWDbSNg4HVXbGCDwTWGnMf_LunbzEYQYSyQVzUhyphenhyphenmtZ7oYLydLSQkZPLc7g1Jl4iTc-tnj3T4PDmc-G3qPBucW0LUNeqa_hyphenhyphennSjBjOzX2ek31c0iZ2ErUB8NoDQaQ/s1600/23-Ascaris_ova_Hx_1000X.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2PZ-49YYzpEPncnJWDbSNg4HVXbGCDwTWGnMf_LunbzEYQYSyQVzUhyphenhyphenmtZ7oYLydLSQkZPLc7g1Jl4iTc-tnj3T4PDmc-G3qPBucW0LUNeqa_hyphenhyphennSjBjOzX2ek31c0iZ2ErUB8NoDQaQ/s1600/23-Ascaris_ova_Hx_1000X.jpg" height="298" width="400" /></a></div>
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<i> Ascaris lumbricoides</i>: Okay, last one. This egg doesn`t look particularly healthy. The `scalloped`edge of the mammillated coat is somewhat visible along the upper edge.</div>
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(<a href="http://thunderhouse4-yuri.blogspot.ca/2008/12/toys.html" target="_blank">Nikon</a>, 1000X)</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Diagnostic
Problems:</b></div>
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Both fertile and infertile <i>Ascaris</i> eggs concentrate well
however well using sedimentation techniques, however, if the laboratory only
uses a flotation method for concentrating, infertile eggs may be missed by this technique.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a>
Pneumonitis refers to an inflammation of the lungs which can be cause by a
variety of agents, from allergic, chemical or an infection.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ascaris
pneumonitis</i> is an inflammation caused by the presence of Ascaris
lumbricoides migration through the lungs.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></a>
Löffler's syndrome or Loeffler's syndrome is a disease in which eosinophils
accumulate in the lung in response to a parasitic infection.</div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4935604828359853402#_ednref3" name="_edn3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">[iii]</span></span></span></span></a>
Oviparous –egg development and maturation occurs outside of the female worm.</div>
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<span style="color: #674ea7;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>* * * </b></span></span></div>
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